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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 5.5 years (captivity) Observations: One specimen lived 5.5 years in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Oldfield mice are excellent models for genetic research and have been used extensively to study variation in pigment controlling genes.

Positive Impacts: research and education

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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It has been reported that Peromyscus polionotus can be a pest when it digs up the seeds of local gardeners for consumption (Whitaker and Hamilton 1998).

Negative Impacts: household pest

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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Several subspecies of P. polionotus are on conservation lists. The status varies by subspecies. For example, on the IUCN list, some subspecies are listed as extinct while others are listed as endangered, critically endangered, or lower risk. Beach development and water recreation are just two causes for this mouse being in danger of extinction (Wilson and Ruff, 1999). A third probable danger to P. polionotus is climatic. For example, the coast along the Gulf of Mexico has been subject to hurricanes and other violent weather in the past. Swilling et. al (1998) have recorded populations of Peromyscus polionotus to be severely reduced several months after Hurricane Opal hit the Alabama coast.

Subspecies of oldfield mice considered endangered are: Peromyscus polionotus allophrys, Peromyscus polionotus ammobates, Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis, Peromyscus polionotus phasma, and Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis, all of which occur in Florida and Alabama. Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris are considered threatened, they occur in Florida. Additional subspecies recognized by the IUCN are Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus, near threatened in Florida, and Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus, extinct from Florida.

US Federal List: endangered; threatened

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Behavior ( İngilizce )

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Like other Peromyscus species, oldfield mice have keen vision, hearing, and tactile sensation. They use chemical cues extensively in communication.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Başlıksız ( İngilizce )

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Fossil evidence in the geological record dates this mouse back to the late Pleistocene epoch (Wilson and Ruff 1999).

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Oldfield mice are an important prey base for small predators in the areas in which they live. They may also play an important role in influencing seed survivorship of the plant communities in which they occur. The following parasites have been found in individuals living in Florida: nematodes- six species, trematodes- one species, acanthocephalans- one species, and fleas- two species (Whitaker and Hamilton 1998).

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • fleas (Siphonaptera)
  • nematodes (Nematoda)
  • trematodes or flukes (Trematoda)
  • acanthocephalans (Acanthocephala)
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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Oldfield mice are granivorous, feeding on the seeds of grasses and herbs. They store food in underground caches (Wilson and Ruff, 1999). They will also consume arthropods, insect parts have been found in nests (Gentry and Smith, 1968).

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: herbivore (Granivore )

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Peromyscus polionotus occurs in the southeastern United States. Populations in the continental United States have been found scattered throughout parts of Mississippi, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and south to Florida (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998; Wilson and Ruff, 1999). This species of deer mouse also inhabits coastal islands off the southeastern sea board (Nowak 1999).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Oldfield mice inhabit diverse environments. These mice typically occupy early successional habitats such as abandoned fields, beach dunes, and scrub habitats (Wilson and Ruff, 1999). They dig underground nest cavities which lie 0.3 to 0.9 meters below the surface. There is a leading and an escaping tunnel. A mound of soil or sand marks the entrance of the leading tunnel.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; scrub forest

Other Habitat Features: suburban ; agricultural

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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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Oldfield mice probably live for no longer than about 18 months in the wild.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
18 (high) months.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
5.5 years.

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Adult females are slightly larger than adult males (Wilson and Ruff 1999). Total length ranges from 110 to 150 millimeters with the average tail length ranging from 40 to 60 millimeters. Weight varies between 10 and 15 grams (Wilson and Ruff 1999). Peromyscus polionotus has several distinguishing characteristics. This species is smaller in size and has a smaller skull compared to other species in th genus Peromyscus. The white and brown colored tail, with a white underside, are two identifiable characteristics (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998).

Distinct local color variation is found among the subspecies. For example, individuals inhabiting the beach tend to have less pigmented hair than individuals of an inland population (Wilson and Ruff 1999). This pale coloration may help beach populations blend into the sandy environment, thus avoiding predation.

Range mass: 10 to 15 g.

Range length: 110 to 150 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.12 W.

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Oldfield mice are preyed upon by many small predators, such as raptors, owls, snakes, weasels, foxes, and cats (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). They escape predation by seeking refuge in their burrows and by being active primarily at night.

Known Predators:

  • raptors (Falconiformes)
  • owls (Strigiformes)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
  • weasels (Mustela)
  • gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
  • domestic cats (Felis silvestris)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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These mice are monogamous, with the breeding pair remaining together for a period of time.

Mating System: monogamous

Breeding of Peromyscus polionotus occurs throughout the year. There is a decline in breeding activity during the summer (Wilson and Ruff 1999). Gestation is 24 days in length but may be a few days longer if a previous litter is still nursing (Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998). Litter size ranges between three and four individuals. The average age for the first estrus cycle in a female is 29.6 days (Nowak, 1999).

Breeding interval: Females can have multiple litters in a year.

Breeding season: Breeding occurs year-round.

Range number of offspring: 3 to 4.

Average gestation period: 24 days.

Range weaning age: 20 to 25 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 30 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 30 days.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 1.68 g.

Average gestation period: 24 days.

Average number of offspring: 3.8.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
28 days.

At birth, the young are helpless, weighing only 6 to 7 grams. They are pink in color and hairless with the exception of vibrissae around the nose. The eyes do not open until the thirteenth or fourteenth day of life. The litter is weaned around 20-25 days after birth. Above-ground activity occurs after weaning.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Foust, D. 2002. "Peromyscus polionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_polionotus.html
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Desirae Foust, University of Northern Iowa
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Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

EOL authors tarafından sağlandı
The Alabama beach mouse lives only in coastal sand dune areas of the Fort Morgan Peninsula on the Alabama Gulf coast. This mouse used to be more widely distributed, but coastal development and human recreation have had great impact on its habitat, and populations have greatly declined in recent years.

Peromyscus polionotus ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Peromyscus polionotus és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. És endèmic del sud-est dels Estats Units (Alabama, Florida, Geòrgia, Mississipí, Carolina del Nord, Carolina del Sud i Tennessee). Es tracta d'un animal nocturn que s'alimenta de llavors, insectes i baies. Els seus hàbitats naturals són les platjes i zones sorrenques amb herba o matolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1] El seu nom específic, polionotus, significa 'esquena grisa' en llatí.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Peromyscus polionotus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Linzey, A. V.; NatureServe (Hammerson, G.). Peromyscus polionotus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 9 agost 2016.
  2. Entrada «Peromyscus» d'Animalia (en anglès).
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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Peromyscus polionotus és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. És endèmic del sud-est dels Estats Units (Alabama, Florida, Geòrgia, Mississipí, Carolina del Nord, Carolina del Sud i Tennessee). Es tracta d'un animal nocturn que s'alimenta de llavors, insectes i baies. Els seus hàbitats naturals són les platjes i zones sorrenques amb herba o matolls. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie. El seu nom específic, polionotus, significa 'esquena grisa' en llatí.

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Küstenmaus ( Almanca )

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 src=
Unterart P. p. trissyllepsis aus Florida

Die Küstenmaus (Peromyscus polionotus) ist eine in den USA lebende Art der Neuweltmäuse.

Merkmale

Küstenmäuse erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 7 bis 9 Zentimetern, die Schwanzlänge beträgt 4 bis 6 Zentimeter, und das Gewicht 10 bis 15 Gramm. Ihr Fell ist an der Oberseite grau oder bräunlich gefärbt, der Bauch und die Beine sind heller, nahezu weiß. Die Populationen, die die Sanddünengebiete bewohnen, sind meist heller gefärbt.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Küstenmäuse leben im Südosten der USA, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich von Tennessee über South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama und Georgia bis in den Norden der Halbinsel Florida. Sie bewohnen verschiedene Lebensräume, darunter Busch- und Grasländer. Eine Reihe von Unterarten hat sich auf Sanddünen in Küstenregionen spezialisiert.

Lebensweise

Küstenmäuse sind nachtaktive Tiere. Sie graben ihre eigenen Baue, in denen sie ihre Nester anlegen. Diese Nestkammern liegen 0,3 bis 0,9 Meter unter der Oberfläche und haben zumindest zwei Ausgänge.

Ihre Nahrung besteht vorrangig aus Pflanzensamen, die sie auch teilweise in ihren Bauen lagern. Daneben nehmen sie auch Insekten zu sich.

Die Weibchen tragen im Laufe eines Jahres mehrere Würfe aus, die Paarung kann das ganze Jahr über erfolgen. Die durchschnittliche Tragzeit beträgt 24 Tage, die Wurfgröße drei bis vier Jungtiere. Diese wachsen sehr schnell und sind schon nach 30 Tagen geschlechtsreif.

Modellorganismus in der Inzuchtforschung

Aufgrund ihrer Lebensweise ist die Küstenmaus ein beliebter Modellorganismus in der Inzuchtforschung: Durch wetterbedingte Änderungen der Küstenlinie werden immer wieder kleine Populationen auf neu gebildeten Inseln isoliert. In diesen isolierten Populationen kommt es dadurch zu einem genetischen Flaschenhals, der wiederum zu verschiedenen Inzuchtszenarien führen kann. Anhand solcher Populationen werden Studien zu Inzuchtdepression und Purging betrieben.

Bedrohung

Die Art als ganzes wird von der IUCN nicht als gefährdet gelistet. Einige Unterarten, die oft nur an kleinen Strandabschnitten leben, gelten hingegen wegen der Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums und wegen Naturkatastrophen als gefährdet. Dazu zählen:

  • Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus ist ausgestorben. Diese Unterart kam nur in der Nähe von Ponce de Leon in Florida vor.
  • P. p. trissyllepsis lebt in Alabama und Florida und gilt als vom Aussterben bedroht (critically endangered).
  • P. p. allophrys ist in Florida beheimatet und gilt als stark gefährdet (endangered).
  • Die Alabama-Küstenmaus (P. p. ammobates) gilt ebenfalls als stark gefährdet.
  • P. p. peninsularis bewohnt Florida und gilt als stark gefährdet.
  • P. p. phasma lebt an der Nordostküste Floridas. Auch diese Unterart ist stark gefährdet.
  • Als potenziell gefährdet werden die Unterarten P. p. leucocephalus und P. p. niveiventris, ebenfalls beide aus Florida, gelistet.

Literatur

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 2 Bände. 6. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD u. a. 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
  • Robert C. Lacy, Jonathan D. Ballou: Effectiveness of Selection in Reducing the Genetic Load in Populations of Peromyscus polionotus During Generations of Inbreeding. In: Evolution. Bd. 52, Nr. 3, 1998, , S. 900–909, online (PDF; 1,11 MB).

Weblinks

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Küstenmaus: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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 src= Unterart P. p. trissyllepsis aus Florida

Die Küstenmaus (Peromyscus polionotus) ist eine in den USA lebende Art der Neuweltmäuse.

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Oldfield mouse ( İngilizce )

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The oldfield mouse, oldfield deermouse[2] or beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) is a nocturnal species of rodent in the family Cricetidae that primarily eats seeds. It lives in holes throughout the Southeastern United States in beaches and sandy fields. Predators to these mice include birds and mammals. In 2016, these mice were in the least concern category on the IUCN Red List with certain subspecies classified as extinct, critically endangered, endangered or near threatened.

Distribution and habitat

The oldfield mouse occurs only in the southeastern United States, ranging from Florida to Tennessee.[1] They primarily live in beaches and sandy fields.[3]

Description

The mouse has fawn-colored upperparts and grey to white underparts through most of its range, but on white sandy beaches, the mouse is light or even white. Inland populations are darker and smaller with shorter tails that are dusky above and white below. General body and tail color may vary slightly depending upon geographical location.[3]

Behavior

The mouse is primarily nocturnal.[1]

Diet

P. polionotus is omnivorous and the principal diet is seasonal seeds of wild grasses and forbs, but blackberries, acorns, and wild peas may be consumed.[1][4][5]

Shelter

These mice dig holes in earth to create homes. Spiders, snakes, and other animals may move into a burrow.[6]

Reproduction

Survival

Birds and mammals prey upon the oldfield mouse. Various types of parasites can effect oldfield mice, with nematodes being the main ones.[8] One mouse survived in captivity for 5.5 years.[9]

Conservation

In 2010, the beach mouse was in the least concern category on the IUCN Red List. For the beach mouse's subspecies, out of sixteen known, one is extinct, one was listed critically endangered, four endangered and two near threatened.[1]

Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the following beach mice are protected as endangered or threatened subspecies:

The pallid beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus) is presumed extinct.[19][20] The Santa Rosa beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus)[21] is listed as critically imperiled by NatureServe.[22]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peromyscus polionotus.
Footnotes
  1. ^ a b c d e Cassola, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Peromyscus polionotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42654A115199876. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42654A22359556.en. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner, 1843)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Whitaker 1998, p. 308
  4. ^ Whitaker 1998, p. 309
  5. ^ Wooten
  6. ^ Whitaker 1998, p. 308–9
  7. ^ Whitaker 1998, p. 309–10
  8. ^ Whitaker 1998, p. 310
  9. ^ Peromyscus polionotus
  10. ^ "Southeastern beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  11. ^ a b 54 FR 20598
  12. ^ "Anastasia Island beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus phasma)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  13. ^ "Alabama beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  14. ^ a b c 50 FR 23872
  15. ^ "Perdido Key beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  16. ^ "Choctawhatchee beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus allophrys)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  17. ^ "St. Andrew beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  18. ^ 63 FR 70053
  19. ^ Foust, Desirae (2002). Demastes, Jim (ed.). "Peromyscus polionotus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  20. ^ NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  21. ^ "Santa Rosa beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  22. ^ NatureServe (7 April 2023). "Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
Works cited
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Oldfield mouse: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The oldfield mouse, oldfield deermouse or beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) is a nocturnal species of rodent in the family Cricetidae that primarily eats seeds. It lives in holes throughout the Southeastern United States in beaches and sandy fields. Predators to these mice include birds and mammals. In 2016, these mice were in the least concern category on the IUCN Red List with certain subspecies classified as extinct, critically endangered, endangered or near threatened.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El ratón de playa (Peromyscus polionotus) es una especie de roedor nocturno de la familia Cricetidae. Se encuentra en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos en playas arenosas, en campos de maíz y algodón, en hileras de setos y en depósitos de madera abiertos. La coloración varía en función de la ubicación geográfica; las poblaciones del interior son generalmente de color leonado, mientras que las poblaciones costeras son más claras o blancas. El ratón come semillas, frutos y, ocasionalmente, insectos, y vive y cría sus tres o cuatro crías (a la vez) en una madriguera sencilla. El destete se produce a los 20-25 días, y las hembras pueden aparearse a los 30 días de edad. Los depredadores son aquellos que se alimentan de pequeños mamíferos. Un individuo vivió en cautiverio durante unos cinco años. Este ratón es no preocupa a los conservacionistas porque es abundante y está muy extendido, y no existen grandes amenazas para la especie en su conjunto, pero varias subespecies con pequeñas distribuciones están en peligro o incluso extintas.

Distribución y hábitat

Peromyscus polionotus sólo está presente en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos desde el centro de Alabama, el centro-sur de Tennessee, el oeste de Carolina del Sur, el noreste de Misisipi y Georgia hasta la costa del Golfo y a través del oeste y la mayor parte de la Florida peninsular.[1]

Los ratones prefieren los campos arenosos y las playas, pero eligen campos de maíz y algodón, y de vez en cuando setos y áreas abiertas que contengan madera. El cultivo de la tierra yel desarrollo de las playa amenazan su hábitat.[2]​ Se han registrado poblaciones de hasta seis por acre. [1]

Descripción

El ratón tiene partes superiores de color leonado y partes inferiores de color gris a blanco en la mayor parte de su área de extensión, pero en las playas de arena blanca, el ratón es claro o incluso blanco. Las poblaciones interiores son más oscuras y más pequeñas con colas más cortas que son oscuras por arriba y blancas por abajo. El color general del cuerpo y de la cola puede variar ligeramente dependiendo de la ubicación geográfica.[2]

Comportamiento

El ratón es principalmente nocturno. [1]

Dieta

P. polionotus es omnívoro y su dieta principal son las semillas estacionales de los pastos y hierbas silvestres, pero pueden consumir moras, bellotas y guisantes silvestres. También consume insectos como escarabajos, saltamontes y hormigas. Las poblaciones de las playas consumen los frutos y las semillas de la avena marina y se alimentan de invertebrados cuando las semillas son escasas.[1][2][3]

Madriguera

El ratón de playa excava y deja montículos de tierra alrededor de la entrada de la madriguera. La madriguera desciende desde la entrada por un espacio y luego se nivela con un nido en su extremo. Una rama de la madriguera puede extenderse sobre el nido a solo unos centímetros debajo de la superficie como una salida de emergencia. Si la madriguera es perturbada, el ratón "explota" a través de la arena por la salida y sale corriendo. El ratón cierra cualquier madriguera en caso de fuertes lluvias si amenaza con una inundación. A veces las arañas, serpientes y otras especies entran en las madrigueras.[4]

Reproducción

Los ratones son monógamos. La gestación dura de 23-24 días, posiblemente 25-31 si la madre sigue amamantando a una camada anterior. El tamaño medio de la camada es de tres o cuatro. Cuando el nacimiento es inminente, la hembra asume una posición en cuclillas y puede elevarse a una posición más erguida a medida que nacen las crías. Puede ayudar al nacimiento tirando suavemente de las crías con sus patas delanteras. También puede extraer la placenta de la misma manera. Luego se la come. El cordón umbilical se rompe al tirar o masticar o cuando la placenta es consumida. Los partos suelen ocurrir durante el día y normalmente duran varios minutos o incluso una hora.[4]

Los recién nacidos, de color rosado, suelen ser lavados por la madre después de parir la última cría y pesan entre 1,1 y 2,2 g. El pabellón auricular se eleva en 3-5 días, los incisivos inferiores hacen erupción en 6-7 días, y los ojos se abren a los 10-16 días. El destete es gradual y se produce en 20-25 días. El primer celo puede ocurrir al mes de nacer y la primera camada a los 53 días de edad. El pelaje juvenil es gris. A la semana, los jóvenes pesan 4 g , a las tres semanas 6-7 g y a las cinco semanas 8-10 g. Los jóvenes de un estudio se dispersaron 430 m antes de establecer sus hogares.[5]

Supervivencia

Los depredadores son aquellos que se alimentan de pequeños mamíferos, incluyendo los gatos domésticos. Los parásitos encontrados en ratones de Florida fueron seis especies de nematodos, una de trematodos y acantocéfalos, y dos de pulgas [6]​ Un ratón sobrevivió en cautiverio 5,5 años.[7]

Conservación

La UICN clasifica a la especie como de menor preocupación porque está extendida y es abundante, y no existen amenazas importantes para la especie en este momento (2010). Se encuentra en muchas zonas protegidas.

De las 16 subespecies, ocho que viven en la costa son motivo de preocupación para la conservación. Las ocho subespecies tienen distribuciones restringidas y están amenazadas por la pérdida de hábitat y las presiones asociadas debido al turismo y el cultivo de nuevas tierras.

  • P. p. decoloratus está extinto;
  • P. p. trissyllepsis está en peligro crítico;
  • P. p. allophrys, P. p. ammobates , P. p. peninsularis y P. p. Phasma se consideran en peligro de extinción;
  • P. p. leucocephalus y P. p. niveiventris están casi amenazados.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c d e Linzey
  2. a b c d Whitaker 1998, p. 308
  3. Wooten
  4. a b Whitaker 1998, p. 308–9
  5. Whitaker 1998, p. 309
  6. Whitaker 1998, p. 309
  7. Peromyscus polionotus

Trabajos citados

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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El ratón de playa (Peromyscus polionotus) es una especie de roedor nocturno de la familia Cricetidae. Se encuentra en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos en playas arenosas, en campos de maíz y algodón, en hileras de setos y en depósitos de madera abiertos. La coloración varía en función de la ubicación geográfica; las poblaciones del interior son generalmente de color leonado, mientras que las poblaciones costeras son más claras o blancas. El ratón come semillas, frutos y, ocasionalmente, insectos, y vive y cría sus tres o cuatro crías (a la vez) en una madriguera sencilla. El destete se produce a los 20-25 días, y las hembras pueden aparearse a los 30 días de edad. Los depredadores son aquellos que se alimentan de pequeños mamíferos. Un individuo vivió en cautiverio durante unos cinco años. Este ratón es no preocupa a los conservacionistas porque es abundante y está muy extendido, y no existen grandes amenazas para la especie en su conjunto, pero varias subespecies con pequeñas distribuciones están en peligro o incluso extintas.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( Baskça )

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Peromyscus polionotus Peromyscus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Neotominae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Wagner (1843) Cricetidae Arch. Naturgesch. 52. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Peromyscus polionotus Peromyscus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Neotominae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( Fransızca )

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Peromyscus polionotus, la Souris de plage[1], Souris des dunes ou Souris des sables, est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés.

Répartition et habitat

Elle occupe le sud-est des États-Unis[2]. Du côté des plages, elle est de couleurs claire et à l'intérieur des terres, elle est de couleur foncée[3].

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon NCBI (5 mai 2010)[4] :

  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus allophrys
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus ammobates
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus phasma
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus polionotus
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus rhoadsi
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus subgriseus
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus sumneri
  • sous-espèce Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis

Notes et références

  1. (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0-444-51877-0), 9780444518774. 857 pages. Rechercher dans le document numérisé
  2. UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  3. Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Reece, Biologie de Campbell, Pearson, 10 juillet 2020, 1590 p. (ISBN 978-2-7661-0403-1, lire en ligne), p. 1 et 21
  4. NCBI, consulté le 5 mai 2010

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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Peromyscus polionotus, la Souris de plage, Souris des dunes ou Souris des sables, est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( İtalyanca )

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Il topo costiero o topo delle dune (Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner, 1843)) è un roditore della famiglia dei Cricetidi, diffuso nel sud-est degli Stati Uniti.[2]

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa negli Stati Uniti meridionali (Alabama, Tennessee, Carolina del Sud, Mississippi, Georgia e Florida).[1]

L'habitat naturale di questo roditore è all'interno delle dune di sabbia presenti lungo la costa, si nutre di insetti e semi ed è particolarmente importante importante per la catena alimentare dell'ambiente in cui vive essendo fonte di cibo per serpenti e gufi.

Sottospecie

  • Peromyscus polionotus allophrys
  • Peromyscus polionotus ammobates
  • Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus - estinto (1959)
  • Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus
  • Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris
  • Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis
  • Peromyscus polionotus phasma
  • Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. 2008, Peromyscus polionotus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Peromyscus polionotus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Bibliografia

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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı

Il topo costiero o topo delle dune (Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner, 1843)) è un roditore della famiglia dei Cricetidi, diffuso nel sud-est degli Stati Uniti.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Peromyscus polionotus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Wagner in 1843.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı

Peromyscus polionotus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Wagner in 1843.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( Portekizce )

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Peromyscus polionotus é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada nos Estados Unidos da América.

Referências

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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı

Peromyscus polionotus é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Apenas pode ser encontrada nos Estados Unidos da América.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( İsveççe )

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Peromyscus polionotus[2][3][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Wagner 1843. Peromyscus polionotus ingår i släktet hjortråttor, och familjen hamsterartade gnagare.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Individerna blir 11 till 15 cm långa, inklusive en 4 till 6 cm lång svans. De väger 10 till 15 g och honor är lite större än hanar. Kännetecknande för arten är den tvåfärgade svansen med en brun ovansida och en vit undersida. På bålen är pälsen gråbrun till sandfärgad och den kan variera mycket mellan olika populationer, undersidan är nästan helt vit. Individer som lever vid strandlinjer har allmänt blekare päls. Peromyscus polionotus är en av de minsta hjortråttorna.[10]

Utbredning och habitat

Denna gnagare förekommer i sydöstra USA från södra Tennessee och södra North Carolina till Florida. Habitatet utgörs av sandiga landskap som är delvis täckta av gräs och buskar.[1]

Ekologi

Arten gräver underjordiska bon. Den är främst aktiv på natten eller under tider med ett tät molntäcke.[10] Födan utgörs huvudsakligen av frön och av andra växtdelar som bär, vilda ärtor, stjälkar av Uniola paniculata eller gröna delar av marvioler (Cakile). I mindre mått ingår insekter och andra ryggradslösa djur i födan.

Honor kan para sig hela året men de flesta ungar föds mellan november och januari. Per år förekommer två eller fler kullar. Enligt olika observationer bildas monogama par. Honan är 23 till 29 dagar dräktig och sedan föds 3 eller 4 ungar. Ungarna diar sin mor cirka 18 dagar. De blir könsmogna efter 30 till 35 dagar.[1] I naturen blir individerna endast i sällsynta fall äldre än 18 månader. Med människans vård kan djuret leva 5,5 år.[10]

Peromyscus polionotus jagas av många olika predatorer som rovfåglar, ormar, mårddjur, tamkatter och gråräv.[10]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[8]

  • P. p. polionotus
  • P. p. ammobates
  • P. p. phasma
  • P. p. allophrys
  • P. p. trissyllepsis
  • P. p. niveiventris
  • P. p. albifrons
  • P. p. colemani
  • P. p. decoloratus
  • P. p. leucocephalus
  • P. p. lucubrans
  • P. p. peninsularis
  • P. p. rhoadsi
  • P. p. subgriseus

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Peromyscus polionotus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ [a b] (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Peromyscus polionotus
  4. ^ Hall, E. Raymond (1981) , The Mammals of North America, vols. I and II, 2nd ed.
  5. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/peromyscus+polionotus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  10. ^ [a b c d] D. Foust (9 april 2002). ”Oldfield mouse” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Peromyscus_polionotus/. Läst 13 november 2015.

Externa länkar

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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı


Peromyscus polionotus är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Wagner 1843. Peromyscus polionotus ingår i släktet hjortråttor, och familjen hamsterartade gnagare. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Peromyscus polionotus ( Ukraynaca )

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  1. Linzey, A. V. & G. Hammerson, G. (2008). Peromyscus polionotus. IUCN. Процитовано February 10, 2010.


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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Ukraynaca )

wikipedia UK tarafından sağlandı
Linzey, A. V. & G. Hammerson, G. (2008). Peromyscus polionotus. IUCN. Процитовано February 10, 2010.


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Peromyscus polionotus ( Vietnamca )

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Peromyscus polionotus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Wagner mô tả năm 1843.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Peromyscus polionotus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ gặm nhấm Cricetidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Peromyscus polionotus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı

Peromyscus polionotus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Wagner mô tả năm 1843.

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Береговой хомячок ( Rusça )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Грызунообразные
Отряд: Грызуны
Подотряд: Мышеобразные
Семейство: Хомяковые
Подсемейство: Неотомовые хомяки
Триба: Reithrodontomyini
Вид: Береговой хомячок
Международное научное название

Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner, 1843)

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Систематика
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ITIS 180290NCBI 42413EOL 1037783FW 50269

Береговой хомячок[1] (лат. Peromyscus polionotus) — вид ведущих ночной образ жизни грызунов из семейства хомяковых. Распространены на юго-востоке США. Хотя в целом будущее вида не вызывает опасения[2], некоторые подвиды находятся под угрозой вымирания или уже вымерли.

Описание

Это в основном ночное животное, естественными врагами которого являются традиционные охотники на грызунов, такие как домашние кошки и прочие. Известно о паразитизме на пляжных мышах шести видов нематод. Peromyscus polionotus предпочитают песчаные участки и пляжи, но могут кормиться и на полях. Зафиксирован случай продолжительности жизни в неволе 5,5 лет[3].

Охранный статус

Выделяют до 16 подвидов, из которых 7 прибрежных форм подлежат охране и один подвид вымер[2]:

  • Вымирающий вид Peromyscus polionotus allophrys
  • Вымирающий вид Peromyscus polionotus ammobates
  • Вымерший вид Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus
  • Вымирающий вид Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis
  • Вымирающий вид Peromyscus polionotus phasma
  • Вид, близкий к уязвимому положению Peromyscus polionotus leucocephalus
  • Вид, близкий к уязвимому положению Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris
  • Вид на грани исчезновения Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis

Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus

Размер представителей подвида Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus варьировался от 4 до 8 см в длину. Зверьки для защиты закапывались в дюны.

Популяции подвида были отмечены в двух местах Флориды. С 1959 года о грызуне нет сведений и он считается вымершим[4].

Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 448. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
  2. 1 2 Peromyscus polionotus (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. (Проверено 7 августа 2018).
  3. Peromyscus polionotus. — Human Ageing Genomic Resources. (Проверено 10 февраля 2010).
  4. Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus. — NatureServe. (Проверено 7 августа 2018).
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Береговой хомячок: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Береговой хомячок (лат. Peromyscus polionotus) — вид ведущих ночной образ жизни грызунов из семейства хомяковых. Распространены на юго-востоке США. Хотя в целом будущее вида не вызывает опасения, некоторые подвиды находятся под угрозой вымирания или уже вымерли.

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올드필드쥐 ( Korece )

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올드필드쥐 또는 해변쥐(Peromyscus polionotus)는 비단털쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 미국 남동부의 모래 해변과 옥수수 농장, 목화밭, 산울타리, 앞이 트인 산림 지대에서 발견된다. 털 색은 지리적 위치에 따라 다르다. 내륙 개체군은 일반적으로 엷은 황갈색을 띠는 반면에 해안가 개체군은 희미하거나 희다. 씨앗과 과일, 때로는 곤충을 먹고 살며, 수수한 굴 속에서 3~4마리의 새끼를 기른다. 생후 20~25일 이후에 젖을 떼며, 암컷은 30일이 지나면 짝짓기가 가능하다. 포식자는 작은 포유류를 먹이로 삼는 동물이다. 포획 상태에서 한 마리가 약 5년까지 산 기록이 있다. 널리 분포하고 풍부하기 때문에 "관심대상종"으로 분류되며, 전체적으로 큰 위협 요인은 없는 반면에 작은 분포 지역을 가진 몇몇 아종은 위험에 처해 있거나 심지어 멸종되었다.

특징

상체는 엷은 황갈색이고, 대부분의 분포 지역에서 하체는 회색 또는 흰색을 띠는 반면에 흰 모래 해변에서는 밝은 색 또는 심지어 흰색을 띤다. 내륙 개체군은 좀더 진하며 작고, 꼬리는 짧으며 윗면이 검고 아랫면은 희다. 보통 몸과 꼬리는 지리적 위치에 따라 약간 다양한 색을 띤다.[3]

분포 및 서식지

올드필드쥐는 앨라배마주 중부와 테네시주 남중부, 사우스캐롤라이나주 서부, 미시시피주 북동부, 조지아주 지역부터 멕시코 만에 접하는 해안 지역, 플로리다 반도 대부분 지역과 서부 지역의 미국 남동부에서만 발견된다.[1]

모래밫과 해변을 좋아하지만, 옥수수 농장과 면화밭, 때로는 산울타리, 앞이 트인 산림 지대에서도 발견된다. 육지와 해변 개발 때문에 서식지가 위협을 받고 있다.[3] 개체수는 헥타르 당 최대 6마리까지 기록되고 있다.[1]

아종

16종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[1]

  • P. p. albifrons Osgood, 1909
  • 촉타왓치해변쥐 (P. p. allophrys) Bowen, 1968 - 멸종위기종
  • 앨라배마해변쥐 (P. p. ammobates) Bowen, 1968 - 멸종위기종
  • P. p. colemani Schwartz, 1954
  • P. p. decoloratus A. H. Howell, 1939 - 절멸종
  • P. p. griseobracatus Bowen, 1968
  • P. p. leucocephalus A. H. Howell, 1920 - 준위협종
  • P. p. lucubrans Schwartz, 1954
  • 남동부해변쥐 (P. p. niveiventris) (Chapman, 1889) - 취약근접종
  • 세인트앤드류해변쥐 (P. p. peninsularis) A. H. Howell, 1939 - 멸종위기종
  • 아나스타시아섬해변쥐 (P. p. phasma) Bangs, 1898 - 멸종위기종
  • 올드필드쥐 (P. p. polionotus) (Wagner, 1843)
  • P. p. rhoadsi Bangs, 1898
  • P. p. subgriseus (Chapman, 1893)
  • P. p. sumneri Bowen, 1968
  • 페르디도케이해변쥐 (P. p. trissyllepsis) Bowen, 1968 - 절멸위급종

각주

  1. Linzey, A. V. & G. Hammerson, G. (2008), 《Peromyscus polionotus》, IUCN, 2010년 2월 10일에 확인함
  2. Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). 〈Superfamily Muroidea〉 [쥐상과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 894–1531쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Whitaker 1998, p. 308
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