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Biology ( İngilizce )

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Little information is available about the biology and life history of this species. The cones of the kauri take two years to mature. The larger female cones can be fertilised by pollen from the same tree, or from another tree nearby. Eventually the female cone will shatter on the tree and the fertilised seeds float away from the parent tree on the wind (3).
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Conservation ( İngilizce )

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The kauri is protected within the Philippines but illegal logging continues to pose a threat (6). Hopefully future use of this tree will be managed carefully, to ensure it does not follow in the path of its relative, the New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis), which was pushed toward extinction due to over-exploitation during the first half of this century (3).
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Description ( İngilizce )

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It has been said that the exceptionally beautiful kauri is to the Philippines what the redwood is to California (3). It is a tall, straight tree with thick greyish-brown bark. The bark flakes off the tree in places in rounded pieces, leaving a pattern of irregular scars (4), which has been likened to a jigsaw puzzle (2). The smooth, narrow leathery leaves are four to five centimetres long, around two centimetres wide, and rounded at the top (2). From the air, the greyish-tinge of the green leaves makes the kauri stand out against the blanket of green (4). The leaves, as well as the cones, are produced from branches that radiate from the crown of the tree (3). The wood of the kauri is fine-grained and dense (4), and produces abundant resin (2). The seeds are up to 1.3 centimetres long, with one wing that is as long as the seed, and another that is much shorter (2).
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Agathis species have a preference for growing on what might be considered second-rate sites, such as mountains and poor soils in the lowlands (4). The kauri can be found at altitudes between 150 and 2,200 metres, where average temperatures are between 22 and 32 degrees Celsius (5). It is one of the few species of conifers that can grow in the humid tropics (3).
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Range ( İngilizce )

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The kauri occurs in Indonesia and the Philippines (5).
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Status ( İngilizce )

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Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
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Threats ( İngilizce )

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The kauri is exploited for its high quality timber (5), which is popular with commercial foresters due to their large yield of timber per hectare (4), and it is also tapped for its resin (5). The resin, which is known on the market as Manila copal, is valued around the world and is used in the manufacture of varnishes and linoleum. Tapping this valuable resin is an important source of income for many people in the Philippines (3). Extensive tapping of the kauri, in combination with the destructive methods sometimes used, has killed many kauri trees (3). The kauri was granted protected status in the Philippines and logging is currently banned. However, illegal logging continues and poses a significant threat to this species, which has now almost disappeared in some areas (6).
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Damaroň filipínská ( Çekçe )

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Damaroň filipínská (Agathis philippinensis, tagalog: Almasiga nebo Almaciga, syn. Agathis dammara[1]) je druh velkého pralesního jehličnatého stromu z čeledi blahočetovité. Pochází z Filipín a je zdrojem ceněného dřeva a pryskyřice, byť v současnosti je těžba tohoto stromu zakázána. Damaroně existovaly již v druhohorní juře a patří tak mezi tzv. živoucí zkameněliny.

Charakteristika

Damaroň filipínská je velký jehličnan vyskytující se ve smíšených lesích tropického pásma na ostrovech Filipín. Vytváří až 65 metrů vysoký nevětvený kmen a tyčí se nad úroveň okolního lesa i 40 a více metrů. Na rozdíl od většiny jehličnanů, které mají jehličí (jehlicovité listy), damaroň filipínská má ploché, kožovité a podlouhlé listy. Samičí stromy mají kulovité a samčí válcovité šištice.

Její dřevo bylo vysoce oceňováno a používáno od koloniálních dob devatenáctého století. Kromě dřeva je tento strom zdrojem velmi hodnotné pryskyřice (tzv. Manila copal). Obliba a intenzivní těžba dřeva měla za následek rapidní úbytek damaroňových lesů.

Ohrožení

Podle Červeného seznamu patří mezi zranitelné druhy, je tedy závislý na ochraně. Pro damaroň je největší hrozbou nadměrná těžba dřeva, pryskyřice, které tento druh v minulosti téměř zlikvidovaly, a samozřejmě také místní tajfuny a vypalování pralesů pro místní zemědělce.

V současnosti je těžba tohoto stromu na Filipínách zakázána, byť ke kácení nadále dochází. Damaroň patří mezi druhy vysazované v rámci obnovy lesů.

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Agathis dammara (Borneo kauri) description. www.conifers.org [online]. [cit. 2018-12-24]. Dostupné online.

Externí odkazy

Pahýl
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Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.
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Damaroň filipínská: Brief Summary ( Çekçe )

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Damaroň filipínská (Agathis philippinensis, tagalog: Almasiga nebo Almaciga, syn. Agathis dammara) je druh velkého pralesního jehličnatého stromu z čeledi blahočetovité. Pochází z Filipín a je zdrojem ceněného dřeva a pryskyřice, byť v současnosti je těžba tohoto stromu zakázána. Damaroně existovaly již v druhohorní juře a patří tak mezi tzv. živoucí zkameněliny.

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Almasiga ( Tagalogca )

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Agathis philippinensis

Ang almasiga (Agathis philippinensis) ay isang uri ng punungkahoysa kabundukan sa pilipinas. Ang kahoy na ito na tuwid at mataas ay siyang pangunahing pinagkukunan ng sahing na ginagawang insenso.Isa na itong nanganganib na uri ng punong kahoy sa ating bansa dahil sa pag uuling sa kabundukan.May ilan pa nitong matatagpuan sa Sierra Madre sa lalawigan ng Quezon, Aurora, Nueva Viscaya at Nueva Ecija


Biyolohiya Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Biyolohiya ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa nito.

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Agathis philippinensis ( İngilizce )

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Agathis dammara, commonly known as the Amboina pine or dammar pine,[3] is a coniferous timber[4] tree native to Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands and the Philippines.[1]

Description

Women sorting dammar seeds in West Preanger, Java. 1936

Agathis dammara is a medium-large conifer up to 60 metres in height found in tropical rainforests, growing from sea level to very high mountainous regions where it becomes extremely stunted. It belongs to the southern hemisphere family Araucariaceae, widespread throughout the entire Mesozoic, emerging about 200 million years ago. An extinct genus, Protodammara (which appeared long ago, during the Mesozoic), derives its name from this tree. This tree is a source of dammar gum, also known as cat-eye resin.

Taxonomy

When first discovered and listed as a species it was placed in the genus Pinus (Lambert, 1803), and then later with the firs, Abies (Poir 1817), and then with its own genus, Dammara. It was first recognised as being part of Agathis in 1807, when it was listed as Agathis loranthifolia, and beyond that with species names beccarii, celebica and macrostachys, although it acquired many more names before dammara was settled on.

Agathis celebica and Agathis philippinensis were previously considered distinct species but since 2010 have been synonymous with Agathis dammara.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Farjon, A. (2013). "Agathis dammara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202906A2757847. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Agathis dammara". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  3. ^ "Agathis dammara". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  4. ^ Agathis wood Archived April 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

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Agathis philippinensis: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Agathis dammara, commonly known as the Amboina pine or dammar pine, is a coniferous timber tree native to Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands and the Philippines.

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Agathis philippinensis ( Fransızca )

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Agathis philippinensis (Almaciga ou Dayungon) est une espèce d’Agathis originaire des Philippines, de Sulawesi et Halmahera. Il se rencontre dans la forêt tropicale humide de plateau entre 450 et 2200 m d'altitude, rarement aussi bas que 250 m dans le Nord de Luçon.

Description

C'est un grand conifère sempervirent atteignant plus de 65 m en hauteur avec une écorce grise colorée et lisse. Les feuilles sont ovales, 4 à 6 cm de long et 1,5 à 2 cm de large sur les arbres adultes, contre 11 à 13 cm de long et 4,5 à 5 cm de large sur les jeunes arbres.

Les cônes polliniques mesurent 25 à 45 mm en longueur et 10-11 mm de large.

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Agathis philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Agathis philippinensis (Almaciga ou Dayungon) est une espèce d’Agathis originaire des Philippines, de Sulawesi et Halmahera. Il se rencontre dans la forêt tropicale humide de plateau entre 450 et 2200 m d'altitude, rarement aussi bas que 250 m dans le Nord de Luçon.

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Agathis philippinensis ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Insecten

Agathis philippinensis is een insect dat behoort tot de orde vliesvleugeligen (Hymenoptera) en de familie van de schildwespen (Braconidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Bhat & Gupta in 1977.

Geplaatst op:
08-09-2012
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Agathis philippinensis ( Vietnamca )

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Agathis philippinensis là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Araucariaceae. Loài này được Warb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1900.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Agathis philippinensis. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2014.

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Agathis philippinensis: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Agathis philippinensis là một loài thực vật hạt trần trong họ Araucariaceae. Loài này được Warb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1900.

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