Comprehensive Description
(
İngilizce
)
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos
HOLOTYPE.—CAS 93910, female, from Ecuador, Azuay Province, Sevilla de Oro, approximately 2800 meters. Collected January 9, 1958, by G. Frymire, A. Embree, and S. Strobel.
DIAGNOSIS.—A member of the ignescens group, most similar to ignescens, from which it is distinguished by the light dorsal coloration often marked with irregular dark spots; ratio head length/standard distance ×100 usually greater than 33; warts and pustules absent on upper arm, crus, and ankle, but present on sides from tympanic area to groin, usually absent on dorsal and ventral surfaces of body; first digit on forefoot distinct, almost totally free of webbing.
DESCRIPTION.—Snout from above gently rounded or with blunt point; distinct angle above nostril; snout, canthus, and upper eyelid fleshy and raised, with flattened, glandular, fleshy ridge from posterior corner of eye to end of head. Dorsum of head between fleshy areas slightly concave or flat, smooth. Eyes protrude laterally, dorsal area of eye in same plane as rest of head. Snout from side extends short distance beyond level of lower jaw and upper lip, nostril lateral, occasionally directed slightly backward, on raised, rounded area. Loreal region distinctly concave; fleshy area over eye fused with upper eyelid; upper lip slightly fleshy. Temporal area studded with glandular prominences, rounded in males, covered with spiny points in females. Middorsum of body completely free of warts, glands, or pustules; usually quite smooth. Dorsolateral area of neck with heavy, glandular fold, shelflike in appearance, extending back from dorsolateral temporal fold, sides wrinkled and folded, covered by small white or yellow pustules from tympanic area to groin, and on upper arms and thighs; pustules may be single and evenly scattered or bunched together. Chin, chest, and belly with wrinkles and folds, most prominent on chest. No pustules or spicules on ventral surfaces, although occasional individuals show very tiny spiculations on chest.
Forelimb short and heavy; upper humeral region with spicules, but lower humeral region and forearm free of spicules, smooth or coarsely wrinkled. When forelimb is stretched along body, fingertips do not extend beyond posterior margin of thigh. Flesh of forefoot swollen; all digits free, with fleshy webbing only at base. Sole of forefoot covered with raised, rounded, glandular areas, subarticular tubercles not differentiated from these pustular areas; palmar tubercle larger and well defined. Males with horny excrescence on first and second digits, first usually strongly flexed, with prominent, thick, rounded fleshy hump dorsally, keratinized area wide and extending from tip of digit to its base; second digit with cornified area narrow, extending from base of digit to terminal articulation.
Hind limb short, stout; femoral region spinose on upper thigh only, close to body, rest of limb smooth or slightly wrinkled, occasionally with glandular areas on thigh and crus. Tibiotarsal articulation reaches to points at arm insertion when carried forward along body; heels are separated when tibiofibulae are parallel to femora at right angles to body. Foot fleshy, with very indistinct scattered pustules on sole; webbing fleshy, extends to digit tips as fringe except on first toe, which is almost completely hidden in webbing; webbing between all digits except first and second deeply incised. Outer metatarsal tubercle raised and prominent, inner metatarsal tubercle indistinct.
COLOR IN ALCOHOL.—Dorsum of head, body, and limbs light, may be yellowish, yellow-green, or light brown; occasionally uniform, but usually with few to many irregular, scattered, dark brown to black spots. Dark dorsolateral line begins on side of snout just below fleshy fold, runs through eye and across temporal region onto sides, where it may be continuous and broad, narrow and jagged, or almost totally absent. Ventral surfaces unicolor white, yellowish white or yellow; occasional individual with one or two small brown spots on throat or below anus. Spots often present at limb articulations, may extend around limb, but in no instance continuous ventrally. Sole of forefoot always unicolor, sole of hind foot usually unicolor, may be spotted or streaked.
HOLOTYPE.—This specimen conforms with the description given above for the species, where no alternatives are given. In the case of alternatives, it has the following characteristics: snout rounded; dorsum of head slightly concave, temporal region lightly pustulate. Skin on chest and throat lightly spiculate. Dorsum yellowish, with many black spots, dorsum of limbs with black reticulation; two black spots on throat at chest. Measurements of type (in millimeters): snout to vent: 50.4; snout to end of coccyx: 45.0; knee to knee: 34.6; tibiofibula: 17.0; head length: 12.7; head width: 12.6; eye diameter: 4.0; snout to eye: 5.7; interorbital distance: 3.8; width of eyelid: 3.6.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Peters, James Arthur. 1973. "The frog genus Atelopus in Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-49. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.145
Atelopus bomolochos
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İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos, the Azuay stubfoot toad[2] or Cuenca jambato frog,[3] is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southern Ecuador and known from Cordillera Oriental in the Azuay, Cañar,[2][3][4] and Loja Provinces.[3]
Description
Males measure 38.4–40.8 mm (1.51–1.61 in) and females 43.9–51.0 mm (1.73–2.01 in) in snout–vent length. The dorsum is yellow, yellow with brown, or yellowish green, usually with black spots on the back. The belly is yellow or orange.[3]
Habitat and conservation
Its natural habitats are humid montane forest, sub-páramo, and páramo at elevations of 2,500–2,800 m (8,200–9,200 ft) above sea level. It breeds in streams.[1][3]
This formerly abundant species has nearly disappeared from its range. The decline is attributed to chytridiomycosis and habitat loss.[1] After one last individual was observed in 2002 in the Sangay National Park,[1] and the species was feared extinct, the species was not seen before a small population was rediscovered in 2015 near Cuenca.[5]
A captive population is maintained in the Amaru Zoo, Cuenca.[4]
References
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^ a b c d Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.R.; Lötters, S.; Bustamante, M.R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Salas, A. (2016) [errata version of 2004 assessment]. "Atelopus bomolochos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54492A11142176. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54492A11142176.en.
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^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Atelopus bomolochos Peters, 1973". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
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^ a b c d e Coloma, L. A.; et al. (2018). Ron, S. R.; Merino-Viteri, A. & Ortiz, D. A. (eds.). "Atelopus bomolochos". Anfibios del Ecuador. Version 2019.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 8 October 2019.
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^ a b Coloma, L. A.; Lötters, S. & Quiguango-Ubillús, A. (2016). "Atelopus bomolochos". Anfibios de Ecuador. Quito, Ecuador: Centro Jambatu, Fundación Otonga. Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
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^ Jennifer S. Holland (31 August 2015). "'Extinct' Toad Rediscovered in Ecuador". National Geographic). Retrieved 6 August 2016.
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Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
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İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos, the Azuay stubfoot toad or Cuenca jambato frog, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to southern Ecuador and known from Cordillera Oriental in the Azuay, Cañar, and Loja Provinces.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos es una especie de anfibios de la familia Bufonidae.
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Atelopus bomolochos
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Baskça
)
wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
(
Baskça
)
wikipedia EU tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos Atelopus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.
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Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
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Fransızca
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wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae.
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Atelopus bomolochos
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Felemenkçe; Flemish
)
wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı
Herpetologie Atelopus bomolochos is een kikker uit de familie padden (Bufonidae) en het geslacht klompvoetkikkers (Atelopus). De soort komt endemisch voor in Ecuador. Atelopus bomolochos werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door James Arthur Peters in 1973.[2]
Verspreiding
Atelopus bomolochos leeft in de Cordillera Oriental, een onderdeel van de Andes in de provincies Azuay en Cañar in Ecuador. De soort leeft in nevelwouden en páramo's op hoogtes tussen 2.500 en 2.800 meter boven zeeniveau. Atelopus bomolochos komt onder meer voor in Nationaal park Sangay. Lange tijd dateerden de laatste waarnemingen uit het begin van de jaren tachtig van de twintigste eeuw. Door de internationale natuurbeschermingsorganisatie IUCN wordt Atelopus bomolochos daarom beschouwd als 'kritiek'. In 2015 werd een restpopulatie bij Sigsig in Azuay ontdekt.[3] Bioparque Amaru heeft een fokprogramma opgezet voor Atelopus bomolochos.
Uiterlijke kenmerken
Het kleurenpatroon van de huid van Atelopus bomolochos varieert van geel, koffiebruin en zwart tot groengeel. De rug is zwart van kleur en de buik geel. Op de flanken bevinden zich gele wratten. De kop is klein en plat. Atelopus bomolochos heeft korte poten.
Leefwijze
Atelopus bomolochos is dagactief en leeft nabij rivieren en beekjes. Kleine insecten zoals krekels en mieren zijn het voornaamste voedsel. Atelopus bomolochos kan meer dan tien jaar oud worden.
- Referenties
- Bronnen
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(en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Atelopus bomolochos - Website
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(es) - Anfíbios urbanos de Cuenca. F Siavichay Pesántez, G Maldonado Cedeño & D Mejía Coronel. Editorial Don Bosco (2016).
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- Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
(
Felemenkçe; Flemish
)
wikipedia NL tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos is een kikker uit de familie padden (Bufonidae) en het geslacht klompvoetkikkers (Atelopus). De soort komt endemisch voor in Ecuador. Atelopus bomolochos werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door James Arthur Peters in 1973.
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Atelopus bomolochos
(
Portekizce
)
wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus balios é uma espécie de sapo da família Bufonidae. Ele é endêmico no Equador. Seu habitat natural são as florestas úmidas das montanhas em áreas tropicais e subtropicais, pradarias tropicais e subtropicais de elevada altitude, pastos e áreas próximas aos rios. Está ameaçado pela perda do seu habitat[2]
Referências
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↑ Coloma, L.A.; Ron, S.R.; Lötters, S.; Bustamante, M.R.; Merino-Viteri, A.; Salas, A. (2016) [errata version of 2004 assessment]. «Atelopus bomolochos». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2004: e.T54492A11142176. doi:
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↑ Luis A. Coloma, Santiago Ron, Stefan Lötters, Martín R. Bustamante, Andrés Merino-Viteri, Antonio Salas 2004. Atelopus bomolochos. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. . Downloaded on 08 September 2012.
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Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
(
Portekizce
)
wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus balios é uma espécie de sapo da família Bufonidae. Ele é endêmico no Equador. Seu habitat natural são as florestas úmidas das montanhas em áreas tropicais e subtropicais, pradarias tropicais e subtropicais de elevada altitude, pastos e áreas próximas aos rios. Está ameaçado pela perda do seu habitat
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Atelopus bomolochos
(
Vietnamca
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wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos là một loài cóc thuộc họ Bufonidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Ecuador. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng mây ẩm nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng đất cao, sông ngòi, và vùng đồng cỏ. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất nơi sống.
Hình ảnh
Tham khảo
- Coloma, L.A., Ron, S., Lötters, S., Bustamante, M.R., Merino-Viteri, A. & Salas, A. 2004. Atelopus bomolochos. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Truy cập 21 tháng 7 năm 2007.
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Atelopus bomolochos: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamca
)
wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Atelopus bomolochos là một loài cóc thuộc họ Bufonidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của Ecuador. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng mây ẩm nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng đất cao, sông ngòi, và vùng đồng cỏ. Chúng hiện đang bị đe dọa vì mất nơi sống.
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- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên