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Slo.: turinska perla
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Slo.: krlatna perla, krlatna lakota - syn.: Galium purpureum L. - Habitat: mixed wood edge; Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant; moderately inclined mountain slope, west aspect; in shade; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; elevation 635 m (2.080 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comment: Few plants known to me are more difficult to be photographed in the field as Asperula purpurea. It is small, very tender and its flowers have not much more than 1 mm in diameter. Its leaves can be less than 1 cm long and only a fraction of mm wide. Apparently, when it grows on sunny places it is specially small and tender. So, it shakes restlessly even if there is no observable wind. At the same time only macro photography can show its details. Since it is widely branched in all directions one would need considerable depth of field for sharp pictures. This is of cause nonexistent with macro work. Also focus stacking technique cannot be used, because the plant is in motion all the time. - This South European plant growing also on Balkan Peninsula, Carpathians and Apennines originally belonged to Galium genus, but was later repositioned to Asperula genus. All Asperula species growing in Slovenia are beautiful; however this beauty requires to be admired with a hand lens.Ref.:(1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 348.(2) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 762.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 702.(4) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 521.
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Slo.: dolgocvetna perla
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Slo.: hribska perla - syn.: Asperula vauviniae Desp. - Habitat: dry pasture, mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain, open sunny place; calcareous ground, old overgrown scree slope; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 653 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil - Comment: This typical species of dry, warm calcareous pastures is very inconspicuous because of its only a few mm large flowers. However, it is not a rare plant. On the other hand, it is limited to Central and Southeast Europe. Historically it had been used in medicine to cure quinsy, but after invention of much more effective antibiotics it was forgotten. May be it comes in again after modern debacle of antibiotics? - Four species of this genus grow in Slovenia. The flowers of all of them are in the shape of nice trumpets. Asperula cynanchica is certainly 'soprano trumpet' among them - the smallest one. - Ref.: (1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 516. (2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 703. (3) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 760. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 346. (5) Rothmaler 3, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 11. Aufl., Elsevier, Spectrum (2007), p 395.
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Slo.: turinska perla
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Slo.: krlatna perla, krlatna lakota - syn.: Galium purpureum L. - Habitat: an opening in mixed Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies wood; clear cut under (local) power lines, almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, warm and dry place; elevation 545 m (1.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comment: Few plants known to me are more difficult to be photographed in the field as Asperula purpurea. It is small, very tender and its flowers have not much more than 1 mm in diameter. Its leaves can be less than 1 cm long and only a fraction of mm wide. Apparently, when it grows on sunny places it is specially small and tender. So, it shakes restlessly even if there is no observable wind. At the same time only macro photography can show its details. Since it is widely branched in all directions one would need considerable depth of field for sharp pictures. This is of cause nonexistent with macro work. Also focus stacking technique cannot be used, because the plant is in motion all the time. - This South European plant growing also on Balkan Peninsula, Carpathians and Apennines originally belonged to Galium genus, but was later repositioned to Asperula genus. All Asperula species growing in Slovenia are beautiful; however this beauty requires to be admired with a hand lens. Ref.: (1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 348. (2) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 762. (3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 702. (4) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 521.
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Slo.: dolgocvetna perla
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Slo.: hribska perla - syn.: Asperula vauviniae Desp. - Habitat: dry pasture, mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain, open sunny place; calcareous ground, old overgrown scree slope; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 653 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil - Comment: This typical species of dry, warm calcareous pastures is very inconspicuous because of its only a few mm large flowers. However, it is not a rare plant. On the other hand, it is limited to Central and Southeast Europe. Historically it had been used in medicine to cure quinsy, but after invention of much more effective antibiotics it was forgotten. May be it comes in again after modern debacle of antibiotics? - Four species of this genus grow in Slovenia. The flowers of all of them are in the shape of nice trumpets. Asperula cynanchica is certainly 'soprano trumpet' among them - the smallest one. - Ref.: (1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 516. (2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 703. (3) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 760. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 346. (5) Rothmaler 3, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 11. Aufl., Elsevier, Spectrum (2007), p 395.
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Slo.: turinska perla
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Slo.: krlatna perla, krlatna lakota - syn.: Galium purpureum L. - Habitat: an opening in mixed Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies wood; clear cut under (local) power lines, almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, warm and dry place; elevation 545 m (1.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comment: Few plants known to me are more difficult to be photographed in the field as Asperula purpurea. It is small, very tender and its flowers have not much more than 1 mm in diameter. Its leaves can be less than 1 cm long and only a fraction of mm wide. Apparently, when it grows on sunny places it is specially small and tender. So, it shakes restlessly even if there is no observable wind. At the same time only macro photography can show its details. Since it is widely branched in all directions one would need considerable depth of field for sharp pictures. This is of cause nonexistent with macro work. Also focus stacking technique cannot be used, because the plant is in motion all the time. - This South European plant growing also on Balkan Peninsula, Carpathians and Apennines originally belonged to Galium genus, but was later repositioned to Asperula genus. All Asperula species growing in Slovenia are beautiful; however this beauty requires to be admired with a hand lens. Ref.: (1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 348. (2) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 762. (3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 702. (4) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 521.
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Slo.: dolgocvetna perla
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Slo.: hribska perla - syn.: Asperula vauviniae Desp. - Habitat: dry pasture, mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain, open sunny place; calcareous ground, old overgrown scree slope; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 653 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil - Comment: This typical species of dry, warm calcareous pastures is very inconspicuous because of its only a few mm large flowers. However, it is not a rare plant. On the other hand, it is limited to Central and Southeast Europe. Historically it had been used in medicine to cure quinsy, but after invention of much more effective antibiotics it was forgotten. May be it comes in again after modern debacle of antibiotics? - Four species of this genus grow in Slovenia. The flowers of all of them are in the shape of nice trumpets. Asperula cynanchica is certainly 'soprano trumpet' among them - the smallest one. - Ref.: (1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 516. (2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 703. (3) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 760. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 346. (5) Rothmaler 3, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 11. Aufl., Elsevier, Spectrum (2007), p 395.
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Slo.: turinska perla
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Slo.: krlatna perla, krlatna lakota - syn.: Galium purpureum L. - Habitat: an opening in mixed Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies wood; clear cut under (local) power lines, almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, warm and dry place; elevation 545 m (1.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comment: Few plants known to me are more difficult to be photographed in the field as Asperula purpurea. It is small, very tender and its flowers have not much more than 1 mm in diameter. Its leaves can be less than 1 cm long and only a fraction of mm wide. Apparently, when it grows on sunny places it is specially small and tender. So, it shakes restlessly even if there is no observable wind. At the same time only macro photography can show its details. Since it is widely branched in all directions one would need considerable depth of field for sharp pictures. This is of cause nonexistent with macro work. Also focus stacking technique cannot be used, because the plant is in motion all the time. - This South European plant growing also on Balkan Peninsula, Carpathians and Apennines originally belonged to Galium genus, but was later repositioned to Asperula genus. All Asperula species growing in Slovenia are beautiful; however this beauty requires to be admired with a hand lens. Ref.: (1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 348. (2) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 762. (3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 702. (4) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 521.
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Slo.: dolgocvetna perla - syn.: Asperula longiflora, Asperula cynanchica ssp. aristata - Habitat: colluvial, almost barren, stony, calcareous ground; scree and rocks; side of a mountain ravine, very dry place, partly sunny, moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect, exposed to direct rain; elevation 610 m (2.000 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil among stones.Comment: Asperula aristata is another mini-jewel in the genus Asperula. Its flowers are only a few millimeters long and not much than one or two in diameter. However, they are beautifully shaped in tender, small trumpets. The whole plant is tender and hence a challenge for a field photographer. The plant is inconspicuous and if one walks fast, he will not notice it. This Mediterranean - montane floral element enters the Alps only in their south, south-east and south-west part. It grows also in Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Mountains and south Balkan Peninsula mountains. It is not a common plant (because it is so easy to be overlooked?), but quite frequent in the Julian Alps and Trenta valley. Just a little bit norths in south Austria it is denoted as a rare plant (Ref.:1).Asperula aristata is variable. For example in literature it is considered having pink flowers. However, almost all of them I've found in Trenta valley are snow white. Several subspecies have been described in literature but Flora Alpina Ref.3 does not recognize them. If one accepts these subspecies the plant on my pictures would be named Asperula aristata ssp. oreophila (Briq.) Hayek.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 703.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 517. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 344.(4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 760.
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Slo.: hribska perla - syn.: Asperula vauviniae Desp. - Habitat: dry pasture, mixed wood edge, moderately southeast inclined foot of a mountain, open sunny place; calcareous ground, old overgrown scree slope; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 653 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil - Comment: This typical species of dry, warm calcareous pastures is very inconspicuous because of its only a few mm large flowers. However, it is not a rare plant. On the other hand, it is limited to Central and Southeast Europe. Historically it had been used in medicine to cure quinsy, but after invention of much more effective antibiotics it was forgotten. May be it comes in again after modern debacle of antibiotics? - Four species of this genus grow in Slovenia. The flowers of all of them are in the shape of nice trumpets. Asperula cynanchica is certainly 'soprano trumpet' among them - the smallest one. - Ref.: (1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 516. (2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 703. (3) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 760. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 346. (5) Rothmaler 3, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 11. Aufl., Elsevier, Spectrum (2007), p 395.
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Slo.: krlatna perla, krlatna lakota - syn.: Galium purpureum L. - Habitat: an opening in mixed Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies wood; clear cut under (local) power lines, almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground; full sun, warm and dry place; elevation 545 m (1.790 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comment: Few plants known to me are more difficult to be photographed in the field as Asperula purpurea. It is small, very tender and its flowers have not much more than 1 mm in diameter. Its leaves can be less than 1 cm long and only a fraction of mm wide. Apparently, when it grows on sunny places it is specially small and tender. So, it shakes restlessly even if there is no observable wind. At the same time only macro photography can show its details. Since it is widely branched in all directions one would need considerable depth of field for sharp pictures. This is of cause nonexistent with macro work. Also focus stacking technique cannot be used, because the plant is in motion all the time. - This South European plant growing also on Balkan Peninsula, Carpathians and Apennines originally belonged to Galium genus, but was later repositioned to Asperula genus. All Asperula species growing in Slovenia are beautiful; however this beauty requires to be admired with a hand lens. Ref.: (1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 348. (2) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 762. (3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 702. (4) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 521.