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盖螺科(學名:Pomatiopsidae)[3],又名圆口螺科[4],是一個科級分類單元,其物種皆為小型、主要為淡水螺(英语:freshwater snail)(也有棲息於其他環境的物種)的有鰓和 口蓋(英语:operculum (gastropod))的淡水生腹足纲软体动物。根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類)》,本科屬於截螺總科之下[5]。
本科物種已知是多種亞洲血吸蟲的中間宿主[6]。
型態描述
美國的貝類學家威廉·斯廷普森(英语:William Stimpson)首次在1865年為這個分類單元定義為「蓋螺亞科」(Pomatiopsinae)[1]。 當時斯廷普森的分析如下[1]:
“
Pomatiopsinae, with the shell and operculum(英语:operculum (gastropod)) as in the Rissoinae. Foot with lateral sinuses. Size small. Amphibious. Genus Pomatiopsis(英语:Pomatiopsis), Tryon.
” “
蓋螺亞科,螺殼及口蓋與麂眼螺亞科物種相同。腹足有橫向側竇。體小。水陸兩棲。
下領一屬 蓋螺屬(英语:Pomatiopsis)(Pomatiopsis Tryon)。
”
分類
亞科
根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,本科包括兩個亞科[5],與Davis (1979)[7]提的分類相同,即如下:
Family-group nameRehderiellinae Brandt, 1974[13] is also in Pomatiopsidae, but it is not allocated in detail.[5]。這組分類單元在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》被劃歸截螺總科的Iravadiidae科[14]。
屬
本科之下所包括的屬如下:
-
盖螺亚科(Pomatiopsinae)
-
Blanfordia(英语:Blanfordia) Adams, 1863[6]
-
Cecina(英语:Cecina (gastropod)) A. Adams, 1861[5][15]
-
Coxiella(英语:Coxiella (gastropod)) E. A. Smith, 1894[5]
-
Fukuia(英语:Fukuia) Abbott & Hunter, 1949[6]
-
Hemibia Heude, 1890[5] (species type: Oncomelania hupensis(英语:Oncomelania hupensis) Gredler, 1881
-
Idiopyrgus(英语:Idiopyrgus) Pilsbry, 1911[6][16] = Aquidauania Davis, 1979[7]
-
釘螺屬 Oncomelania Gredler, 1881[5]
-
蓋螺屬(英语:Pomatiopsis) Pomatiopsis Tryon, 1862:本科的模式屬(英语:type genus)[5]。
-
Tomichia(英语:Tomichia) Benson, 1851[5][17]
-
拟钉螺亚科 Triculinae:下領超過20個屬,可分為下列多個族[6]:
-
拟钉螺族 Triculuni
- tribe Jullieniini
-
Hubendickia(英语:Hubendickia) Brandt, 1968[7]
-
Hydrorissoia Bavay, 1895[7]
-
Jullienia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876:本族的模式屬[5]
-
Karelainia Davis, 1979[7]
-
Kunmingia(英语:Kunmingia) Davis & Kuo in Davis, 1981[18][19]
-
Neoprososthenia(英语:Neoprososthenia) Davis & Kuo in Davis, Kuo, Hoagland, Chen, Yang & Chen, 1984[18][19]
-
Pachydrobiella(英语:Pachydrobiella) Thiele, 1928[7] - with the only species Pachydrobiella brevis (Bavay, 1895)[7]
- † Paraprososthenia(英语:Paraprososthenia) Annandale, 1919[7]
-
Saduniella Brandt, 1970[7] - with the only species Saduniella planispira Brandt, 1970[7]
- tribe Lacunopsini
-
Lacunopsis Deshayes, 1876 - type genus of the tribe Lacunopsini[5]
- tribe Pachydrobiini
-
Gammatricula(英语:Gammatricula) Davis & Liu in Davis, Liu & Chen, 1990[21]
-
Halewisia Davis, 1979[12] - with the only species Halewisia expansa (Brandt, 1970)[7]
-
Jinghongia Davis in Davis & Kang, 1990[12]
-
新拟钉螺属 Neotricula Davis in Davis, Subba Rao & Hoagland, 1986[12]
-
Pachydrobia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876[12] - type genus of the tribe Pachydrobiini[5]
-
Robertsiella(英语:Robertsiella) Davis & Greer, 1980[12]
-
Wuconchona Kang, 1983[12]
- 亞科地位未定
分佈
本科物種有世界性的分佈[6]。 然而,在生物多樣性方面,本科物種在日本列島的多樣性特別高,八個物種裡有四個物種有分佈,當中更有兩個物種是當地原生種[6]。 擬釘螺亞科物種在东南亚以淡水螺的形式輻射分佈[6]。
生態
盖螺科物種的棲息地呈多樣性:有淡水生的、兩棲的、沿海的(英语:littoral)、嗜鹽的(英语:halophilic)、穴居的(英语:Stygofauna)、甚至陸生的[6][22]也有。不過陸生類群僅在位於東亞日本列島的Blanfordia(英语:Blanfordia)屬物種[6]。Tomichia(英语:Tomichia)屬和Coxiella(英语:Coxiella (gastropod))屬包括多個在鹹水湖棲息的嗜鹽物種[6]。
盖螺科以一到兩條不同的演化路徑(英语:Lineage (evolution))從海路進侵淡水棲息地[2];另外還有以兩條不同的演化路徑進侵陸地棲息[6]。下表綜合本科各屬的棲息環境:
蓋螺科各屬之生物多樣性及棲地總覽 屬學名 中文名 物種數 棲息地
Blanfordia(英语:Blanfordia) 3
[6] 陸地
[6] Cecina (gastropod)(英语:Cecina) 8
[24] 沿岸海邊(英语:littoral)[24] Coxiella(英语:Coxiella (gastropod)) 10
[7] (one of them extinct)
[7] 鹹水湖[25] Fukuia(英语:Fukuia) 3
[6] 陸地和淡水,也有兩棲,often arboreal
[6] "Fukuia" ooyagii(英语:Fukuia ooyagii):
属
地位未定[6] 1 淡水
[6] Hemibia ?? ?? ??
Idiopyrgus(英语:Idiopyrgus) 1-3 species
[6][16] 淡水
[16] Oncomelania 釘螺屬 2
[6] freshwater, marshy ground, seasonally amphibious
[6] Pomatiopsis(英语:Pomatiopsis) 4
[7] marshy ground, amphibious
[6] Tomichia(英语:Tomichia) 11
[6] freshwater, brackish,
[17] saline lakes
[6] Delavaya ? ? ?
Fenouilia(英语:Fenouilia) ? ? 淡水
Lithoglyphopsis ? ? ?
Tricula 拟钉螺属 15-20+ 淡水
Hubendickia(英语:Hubendickia) 16
[7] ?
Hydrorissoia 7
[7] ?
Jullienia 10
[7] ?
Karelainia 4
[7] ?
Kunmingia(英语:Kunmingia) ? ? ?
Neoprososthenia(英语:Neoprososthenia) ? ? ?
Pachydrobiella(英语:Pachydrobiella) 1
[7] ? †
Paraprososthenia(英语:Paraprososthenia) 有指4個
[7]或1 個cf.
[26] 化石,淡水湖的湖床
Saduniella 1
[7] ?
Lacunopsis 12
[7] ?
Gammatricula(英语:Gammatricula) 4 ?
Halewisia 1
[7] ?
Jinghongia ? ? ?
Neotricula(英语:Neotricula) 新拟钉螺属 2 (at least)
[6] 淡水
Pachydrobia 10
[7] ?
Robertsiella(英语:Robertsiella) 3
[27] freshwater, streams
[27] Wuconchona ? ? ?
Rehderiella ? ? ?
Spiripockia(英语:Spiripockia) 1
[22] cavernicolous
[22]
參考文獻
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