Red ruffed lemurs give alarm calls to warn other members of their group of approaching predators. Fossas (Cryptoprocta ferox), are the only natural predators of red ruffed lemurs. Recently, human hunting also poses a major predation threat.
Known Predators:
Varecia rubra gets its common name from a ruff of rust red hair that flanks its black face like sideburns. The black face matches the black hands, feet, belly, and tail. Most of the body is covered by a soft, thick, rust red coat, except for a patch of white fur at the back of the head. Possibly its beautifully contrasting coat is the reason why many consider red ruffed lemurs to be the most beautiful lemurs. Varecia rubra is the largest member of Lemuridae. Red ruffed lemurs average 60 cm in body length and their tails average 50 cm. Females tend to outweigh males. Red ruffed lemurs have specialized claws on their second toe, used to brush through their long, woolly fur. Because, like all prosimians (Strepsirrhini), red ruffed lemurs are digitally uncoordinated, they have evolved other methods to groom. The dentition is specialized to form a toothcomb made up of the six bottom incisors.
Range mass: 3.4 to 3.5 kg.
Range length: 110 to 120 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Though infant death is common due to falling from nesting sites and other accidents, red ruffed lemurs generally live in the wild for 15 to 20 years. The greatest threat to red ruffed lemurs are habitat destruction, hunting, and animal trade.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 15 (low) years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 20 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: captivity: 19 (high) years.
Red ruffed lemurs prefer the deciduous tropical forests of the Masoala Peninsula, although about 400 live elsewhere in captivity. This area is elevated up to 1006 m in areas. Red ruffed lemurs generally remain in the upper canopy of their tropical rainforest.
Average elevation: 1006 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest
Varecia rubra (red ruffed lemur) currently lives, along with all extant lemurs, on the island-nation of Madagascar. Red ruffed lemurs inhabit the deciduous tropical forests of the Masoala Peninsula near Maroansetra. The Masoala Peninsula is one of the top conservation efforts in Madagascar. Its rich biodiversity includes more than just red ruffed lemurs: white-fronted brown lemurs, and aye-ayes also live there. Primates represent only a few of the taxonomic reasons why the Masoala National Park was created in the late 1990s.
The Antainambalana River dissects the Peninsula area, separating the range of red ruffed lemurs from their close relatives, black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata).
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Red ruffed lemurs eat mostly fruit, nectar, and pollen. During the dry season, when food is scarce, these lemurs also occasionally eat some leaves and seeds. When feeding on the nectar of flowers, red ruffed lemurs play a vital role in the pollination of some hardwood trees. Like all lemurs, red ruffed lemurs have insectivorous dentition slightly modified for frugivory. In addition, the toothcomb used for grooming enables easier peeling of fruit.
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; nectar; pollen
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore , Nectarivore )
Red ruffed lemurs play an integral role in pollination for many hardwood tree varieties in their range. The long, fox-like snouts of these lemurs are covered with pollen after feeding from the nectar of deep, tubular flowers. The next flower fed on receives this pollen.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates
Red ruffed lemurs are trapped and hunted by the local community. These lemurs are brought into the live animal and pet market. Hunted lemurs provide meat for locals. Lemurs as a group positively affect Malagasy tourism because they are found no where else on earth naturally.
Positive Impacts: pet trade ; food ; ecotourism
There are no known adverse effects of V. rubra on humans.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature acknowledges that red ruffed lemurs are critically endangered, but currently only recognize them at the subspecies level (Varecia variegata rubra). Varecia is classified as endangered, along with all members of Lemuridae by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora lists species in the family Lemuridae in Appendix I. Threats to red ruffed lemurs are mainly from deforestation, hunting, and live capture. The Masoala National Forest now protects some of their habitat from further destruction.
US Federal List: endangered
CITES: appendix i
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
Red ruffed lemurs are very vocal; they bark to each other in a guttural yap. Their vocalizations convey a number of distinct messages. Alarm calls are used to warn group members of nearby predators. While foraging, vocalizations help scattered groups keep together. Red ruffed lemurs also use calls to warn other groups that a territory is already occupied or being used for foraging. Red ruffed lemurs also communicate through scent. Groups are identified through the smells produced in glands on their rears.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Red ruffed lemurs and white-and-black ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) can hybridize. Such interactions produce black, white, and red offspring. This species was previously recognized as a subspecies of V. variegata: Varecia variegata rubra.
Red ruffed lemurs are polygynous. Males monitor females for signs of estrus and then solicit opportunities to mate with them. This solicitation behavior is stereotyped and consists of a submissive approach, coupled with a squeal. Males also scent mark often in the presence of estrus females, sniff and lick their genitals, emit a shrieking chorus with females, and rub their bodies against each other. Group males more frequently mate with females from their same group. But stranger males may also enter a group's territory to mate with estrus females.
Mating System: polygynous
Red ruffed lemurs breed in the dry season from May to July. Although the group breeds for three months, an individual female only goes into estrus for at most a few days and is only fertile for one day. Red ruffed lemurs give birth to litters, which can contain as many as 6 infants. Gestation lasts between 90 and 103 days, which is particularly brief for a primate of this body size. When an infant reaches 4 months of age, it is weaned. Red ruffed lemurs reach sexual maturity after 2 years.
Breeding interval: Red ruffed lemurs breed once a year.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs from May to July.
Range number of offspring: 2 to 6.
Average number of offspring: 3.
Range gestation period: 90 to 103 days.
Average weaning age: 40 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Reproduction is costly for female red ruffed lemurs. Despite being large lemurs, female red ruffed lemurs have relatively short gestation periods and give birth to multiple offspring. To counter these reproductive costs, females leave their litters in nests or stashing locations, called parking, in the mother’s core area. While mothers travel into the forest, community members of the core area care for the young. This form of alloparenting is commonly practiced in red ruffed lemur communities, reducing maternal reproductive costs.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
El lèmur de collar vermell (Varecia rubra) és un estrepsirini de la família dels lemúrids (Lemuridae). És una de les dues espècies del gènere Varecia (l'altra és el lèmur de collar). Algunes autoritats consideren que formen una única espècie.
Aquest lèmur té una llargada corporal d'aproximadament 53 cm i una cua que mesura uns 60 cm. Pesa 3,5-4 kg. Els mascles són una mica més petits que les femelles. El lèmur de collar vermell viu a les selves que hi ha al llarg de la costa oriental de Madagascar.
Té el cap, el ventre, les potes i la cua de color negre, mentre que el dors és vermell i el coll té una ratlla blanca. Els exemplars salvatges viuen entre 15 i 20 anys, mentre que els individus en captivitat poden arribar a viure'n 25. És un animal diürn, especialment actiu al matí i el vespre.
El lèmur de collar vermell (Varecia rubra) és un estrepsirini de la família dels lemúrids (Lemuridae). És una de les dues espècies del gènere Varecia (l'altra és el lèmur de collar). Algunes autoritats consideren que formen una única espècie.
Aquest lèmur té una llargada corporal d'aproximadament 53 cm i una cua que mesura uns 60 cm. Pesa 3,5-4 kg. Els mascles són una mica més petits que les femelles. El lèmur de collar vermell viu a les selves que hi ha al llarg de la costa oriental de Madagascar.
Té el cap, el ventre, les potes i la cua de color negre, mentre que el dors és vermell i el coll té una ratlla blanca. Els exemplars salvatges viuen entre 15 i 20 anys, mentre que els individus en captivitat poden arribar a viure'n 25. És un animal diürn, especialment actiu al matí i el vespre.
Den røde vari (Varecia rubra) er en halvabe i familien af ægte lemurer. Den lever endemisk på øen Madagaskar ligesom sin nære slægtning sort-hvid vari, men findes kun i regnskov i Nationalpark Masoala. Rød vari betragtes som kritisk truet af udryddelse.[1]
Taksonomi fra Wikispecies Den røde vari (Varecia rubra) er en halvabe i familien af ægte lemurer. Den lever endemisk på øen Madagaskar ligesom sin nære slægtning sort-hvid vari, men findes kun i regnskov i Nationalpark Masoala. Rød vari betragtes som kritisk truet af udryddelse.
Der Rote Vari (Varecia rubra) ist eine auf Madagaskar lebende Feuchtnasenprimatenart aus der Gruppe der Lemuren.
Rote Varis erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 50 bis 55 Zentimetern, wozu noch ein 60 bis 65 Zentimeter langer Schwanz kommt. Ihr Gewicht beträgt etwa 3,5 bis 4 Kilogramm. Ihr Fell ist am Rücken und an den Beinen rot bis rotbraun gefärbt, der Bauch, die Füße, der Schwanz und das Gesicht sind schwarz. Der Nacken ist weiß, ebenso können bei einigen Tieren weiße oder hellgelbe Flecken an den Knöcheln, am Rumpf oder an der Schnauze vorhanden sein. Ihr Kopf ist durch die lange, hundeartige Schnauze mit der langen Zunge und die roten Ohrbüschel charakterisiert.
Rote Varis kommen ausschließlich auf der Masoala-Halbinsel im nordöstlichen Madagaskar vor. Ihr Lebensraum sind primäre Regenwälder, wo sie bis zu 1000 Meter Seehöhe vorkommen.
Diese Primaten sind Baumbewohner, die sich meist in den oberen Schichten der Bäume aufhalten. Ihre Bewegungen sind eher behäbig, sie können aber auch gut springen. Sie sind vorwiegend tagaktiv. Ihr Sozialverhalten ist variabel, sie leben in Gruppen von 5 bis 30[1] Tieren, dies können Familien- oder größere Verbände sein. Die Gruppenmitglieder verständigen sich durch laute Rufe. Diese dienen der Kontaktaufnahme mit anderen Gruppenmitgliedern, der Warnung vor Fressfeinden und auch dazu, andere Gruppen auf das eigene Revier hinzuweisen.
Die Nahrung der Roten Varis besteht vorwiegend aus Früchten, daneben nehmen sie aber auch Blätter zu sich. Mit Hilfe ihrer langen Zunge können sie auch Nektar lecken, dabei spielen sie eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bestäubung mancher Pflanzen. Bei der Nahrungsaufnahme hängen sie manchmal kopfunter an den Ästen und halten sich nur mit den Hinterbeinen fest.
Die Paarung erfolgt zwischen Mai und Juli. Nach einer rund 100-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen im September und Oktober den Nachwuchs zur Welt, meist Zwillinge oder Drillinge. Zur Geburt errichtet das Weibchen ein Blätternest, in dem die Jungen ihre ersten Lebenswochen verbringen, mit rund 70 Tagen bewegen sie sich selbstständig fort.
Rote Varis zählen zu den bedrohten Arten. Die Hauptgefahr stellt die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraumes dar, hinzu kommt die Bejagung wegen ihres Fleisches. Mit der Errichtung des Nationalpark Masoala 1997 ist zumindest ein Teil ihres Verbreitungsgebietes geschützt worden. Die IUCN listet die Art als „vom Aussterben bedroht“ (critically endangered). Das fragile und vielfältige Ökosystem des Nationalpark Masoala mit seinen seltenen Pflanzenfamilien ist in der Masoala-Halle im Zürcher Zoo zu besichtigen. In Tschechien widmet sich unter anderem der Pilsener Zoo der artgerechten Haltung und Zucht der roten Varis und anderer Mitglieder aus der Familie der Echten Makis.
In Deutschland wird die Art in 16 Zoos gepflegt.[2] Im Tierpark Berlin gibt es eine begehbare Anlage – den Variwald – wo die Tiere Kontakt mit den Besuchern aufnehmen und sich streicheln lassen.
Der Rote Vari (Varecia rubra) ist eine auf Madagaskar lebende Feuchtnasenprimatenart aus der Gruppe der Lemuren.
The red ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra) is one of two species in the genus Varecia, the ruffed lemurs; the other is the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata). Like all lemurs, it is native to Madagascar. It occurs only in the rainforests of Masoala, in the northeast of the island.[1] It is one of the largest primates of Madagascar with a body length of 53 cm, a tail length of 60 cm and a weight of 3.3–3.6 kg. Its soft, thick fur is red and black in color and sports a buff or cream colored spot at the nape, but a few are known to have a white or pink patch on the back of the limbs or digits and a ring on the base of the tail in a similar color.
Ruffed lemurs are the largest members of the family Lemuridae,[4] with this species being the larger of the two. They weigh 3.3–3.6 kg (7.3–7.9 lb).[5] They are about 53 cm (21 in) long, with a 60 cm (24 in) tail.[6] Females are slightly larger than males.[7] They have slender bodies and long legs. Red ruffed lemurs have a narrow snout with small back ears that are sometimes hidden by their long fur. They groom themselves using their toothcomb.
As their name would suggest, they have a rust-coloured ruff and body. Their heads, stomachs, tails, feet, and the insides of their legs are black. They have a white patch on the back of their neck, and may also have white markings on their feet or mouth.[7]
The red ruffed lemur is a very clean animal and spends a lot of time grooming itself and in social grooming. The lower incisors (front teeth) and the claw on the second toe of the hind foot are specially adapted for this behavior. The lower incisors grow forward in line with each other and are slightly spaced. This creates a toothcomb which can be used to groom its long, soft fur. The claw is also used for grooming.
The red ruffed lemur lives 15–20 years in the wild. In captivity, 25 years is not uncommon, and one lived to be about 33 years old. It is a diurnal animal, and most active in the morning and evening.[8]
This primate typically lives in small, matriarchal groups of 2–16 individuals, but group sizes of up to 32 have been recorded. Its diet consists primarily of fruit, nectar, and pollen. Leaves and seeds may be eaten when fruit becomes scarce.[6] Red ruffed lemurs will sometimes form large groups during the wet season when food is plentiful. They will all find one food source and forage together as a group. During the dry season they will often separate and find food on their own when fruits are scarce . This is unusual behavior as most other diurnal lemurs will stay together and forage in large groups even during the dry season.[6] Field studies suggest that red ruffed lemurs, like black-and-white ruffed lemurs, may be found in monogamous pairs or in small, organized groups. Individuals out in the forest communicate through loud booming calls, which can be heard over considerable distances.[9]
Red ruffed lemurs reach sexual maturity at about two years of age, and start reproducing at about three years of age.[4] Unlike all other diurnal primates,[6] females keep their infants in nests 10–20 m (33–66 ft) above the forest floor, made with twigs, leaves, vines, and fur. Like all lemurs, and many Madagascan mammals, it has a fixed breeding season which takes place towards the end of the dry season (May to July). This is so the young can be born in the wet season when more food is available. Ruffed lemurs are also the only primates with litters of young, and, after a gestation period of 102 days, the female may give birth to up to six, although two or three is more typical. Newborns have fur and can see, but as they cannot move, the female leaves them in the nest until they are seven weeks old. Females can nurse up to six infants at the same time. Infant red ruffed lemurs are not as well developed at birth as other lemurs. This is not surprising because red ruffed lemurs have extremely short gestation periods. At birth, infants are not able to hold onto the mother. When she moves the infants she picks them up one by one. Mothers usually move their infants away from the nest after a week or two. When she forages she leaves her infants in a nearby tree. In the few days after she gives birth, if the mother needs to leave the nest, the father will stand guard.[10] Weaning occurs at four months.[7] It is estimated that 65% of young do not reach three months of age, and often die by falling from the trees.[6]
The red ruffed lemur is mainly a fruit-eater, though it is known to eat leaves and shoots. They especially like figs.[11]
The Duke Lemur Center has recorded about twelve different calls. The red ruffed lemur and Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur understand each other's calls, despite living in different parts of Madagascar. Scent marking is also an important means of communication.[6]
The IUCN Red List states that the red ruffed lemur is critically endangered. Logging, burning of habitat, cyclones, mining, hunting, and the illegal pet trade are primary threats. They also have natural predators such as large snakes, eagles, and the fossa.[1][12] The creation of the Masoala National Park in 1997 has helped protect this species, but many red ruffed lemurs do not live within the park's boundaries, and are still at high risk.[6]
Recent studies show that they are critically endangered with a declining wild population. Illegal logging has increased since 2009, which has reduced the available forest habitat.[1] Illegal logging for valuable tropic hardwoods, such as rosewood, is a particular threat, and linked to political instability.[13] The captive population of red ruffed lemurs stands at 590 animals. The population of red ruffed lemurs is directed by a Species Survival Plan.[13] Several of these zoos work with each other in breeding and caring for the captive population. To prevent inbreeding, wild caught animals have been introduced to the captive breeding program.
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The red ruffed lemur (Varecia rubra) is one of two species in the genus Varecia, the ruffed lemurs; the other is the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata). Like all lemurs, it is native to Madagascar. It occurs only in the rainforests of Masoala, in the northeast of the island. It is one of the largest primates of Madagascar with a body length of 53 cm, a tail length of 60 cm and a weight of 3.3–3.6 kg. Its soft, thick fur is red and black in color and sports a buff or cream colored spot at the nape, but a few are known to have a white or pink patch on the back of the limbs or digits and a ring on the base of the tail in a similar color.
El lémur rufo rojo (Varecia rubra) es una especie de primate estrepsirrino de la familia Lemuridae. Se incluye en la lista de Los 25 primates en mayor peligro del mundo.[2]
Pesa de 3,5-4 kg, y mide cerca de 53 cm de largo, con una cola de 60 cm.[3] Las hembras son ligeramente más grandes.[4]
Tienen una fuerte coloración rojiza en todo su cuerpo, menos cabeza, vientre, cola, pies, y los interiores de sus patas que son negras. Y hay un parche blanco en el anverso de su cuello, y puede además poseer marcas blancas en pies o boca.[4]
Estos prosimios típicamente viven en pequeños grupos de matriarcado con 2-16 individuos, pudiendo llegar a más de 32. Su dieta consiste primariamente de fruta, néctar, polen. Las hojas y semillas pueden comerlas cuando escasea la fruta.[3]
Viven 15-20 años en libertad. Cautivos, 25 no es infrecuente, y hay datos de 33 años. Es un animal diurno, más activo a la mañana y al atardecer.[5]
Tiene registrados cerca de doce diferentes llamadas. Entre las especies de lémures rojo y negro-blanco se comprenden entre sí, aunque viven en diferentes partes de Madagascar. El marcado territorial con orina, es también un importante medio de comunicación.[3]
El lémur rufo rojo (Varecia rubra) es una especie de primate estrepsirrino de la familia Lemuridae. Se incluye en la lista de Los 25 primates en mayor peligro del mundo.
Varecia rubra Lemuridae familiako Strepsirrhini primate espezie bat da. Lemur guztiek bezala bakarrik Madagaskarren bizi dira. Arrisku egoeran daude. Masoala basoan bizi dira bakarrik, uharteko ipar-ekialdean.
Madagaskarko primaterik handienetariko bat da, 53 zentimetroko tamainarekin eta 60 zentimetroko isatsarekin. 3,5 eta 4 kilogramo arteko pisua dute. Bere ilea leuna da, baina lodia, gorri edo beltz kolorekoa. Batzuk badira txuriago edo larrosa dutenk ere.
15 eta 20 urte artean bizi dira naturan, baina itxirik daudenean baliteke 25 urterarte iristea eta kasu bat egon da 33 urte bizi izan dena. Egunez bizi da eta aktibitate gehien goizean eta iluntzean du. 2 eta 16 ale inguruko talde matriarkaletan bizi da, nahiz eta 32ko taldeak ere ikusi izan diren. Batez ere fruta, nektarra eta polena jaten du.
Varecia rubra Lemuridae familiako Strepsirrhini primate espezie bat da. Lemur guztiek bezala bakarrik Madagaskarren bizi dira. Arrisku egoeran daude. Masoala basoan bizi dira bakarrik, uharteko ipar-ekialdean.
Madagaskarko primaterik handienetariko bat da, 53 zentimetroko tamainarekin eta 60 zentimetroko isatsarekin. 3,5 eta 4 kilogramo arteko pisua dute. Bere ilea leuna da, baina lodia, gorri edo beltz kolorekoa. Batzuk badira txuriago edo larrosa dutenk ere.
15 eta 20 urte artean bizi dira naturan, baina itxirik daudenean baliteke 25 urterarte iristea eta kasu bat egon da 33 urte bizi izan dena. Egunez bizi da eta aktibitate gehien goizean eta iluntzean du. 2 eta 16 ale inguruko talde matriarkaletan bizi da, nahiz eta 32ko taldeak ere ikusi izan diren. Batez ere fruta, nektarra eta polena jaten du.
Vari roux
Le Vari roux (Varecia rubra) est un primate lémuriforme de la famille des Lemuridae.
Le taxon était anciennement considéré comme une sous-espèce de Varecia variegata, mais les classifications récentes en ont fait une espèce à part entière.
Le Vari roux est un peu plus gros que le maki vari noir et blanc et son aire de répartition est restreinte à la presqu'île de Masoala sur la côte est de Madagascar au sud de Sambava. Il mesure environ 113 cm (avec la queue) et sans la queue 60 cm, il pèse 4 à 6 kg. L'organisation sociale des maki vari roux varie en fonction de l'habitat et de la disponibilité des ressources alimentaires : en saison humide, les fruits sont nombreux et les maki vari roux se rassemblent en larges groupes tandis que durant la saison sèche, où la nourriture se fait plus rare, les groupes se dispersent.
Cette espèce est incluse depuis 2012 dans la liste des 25 espèces de primates les plus menacées au monde[1].
La déforestation illégale a augmenté depuis 2009, ce qui a réduit l'habitat forestier disponible pour ces primates. La population captive du Vari roux s'élève à 590 individus[2].
Il existe un Programme européen pour les espèces menacées (EEP) de l'Association européenne des zoos et aquariums (EAZA) consacré à cette espèce. Celui-ci est coordonné par le Jardin zoologique de Lyon, en France[3].
Vari roux
Le Vari roux (Varecia rubra) est un primate lémuriforme de la famille des Lemuridae.
Le taxon était anciennement considéré comme une sous-espèce de Varecia variegata, mais les classifications récentes en ont fait une espèce à part entière.
Le Vari roux est un peu plus gros que le maki vari noir et blanc et son aire de répartition est restreinte à la presqu'île de Masoala sur la côte est de Madagascar au sud de Sambava. Il mesure environ 113 cm (avec la queue) et sans la queue 60 cm, il pèse 4 à 6 kg. L'organisation sociale des maki vari roux varie en fonction de l'habitat et de la disponibilité des ressources alimentaires : en saison humide, les fruits sont nombreux et les maki vari roux se rassemblent en larges groupes tandis que durant la saison sèche, où la nourriture se fait plus rare, les groupes se dispersent.
Lemur leher merah (Varecia rubra) adalah salah satu dari dua spesies dalam genus Varecia, lemur leher; yang lainnya adalah lemur berleher hitam-putih (Varecia variegata). Seperti semua lemur, hewan tersebut berasal dari Madagaskar dan hanya terdapat di hutan hujan Masoala, di timur laut pulau tersebut.[1] Hewan tersebut adalah salah satu primata terbesar di Madagaskar dengan panjang tubuh 53 cm, panjang ekor 60 cm dan berat 3.3–3.6 kg.
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Lemur leher merah (Varecia rubra) adalah salah satu dari dua spesies dalam genus Varecia, lemur leher; yang lainnya adalah lemur berleher hitam-putih (Varecia variegata). Seperti semua lemur, hewan tersebut berasal dari Madagaskar dan hanya terdapat di hutan hujan Masoala, di timur laut pulau tersebut. Hewan tersebut adalah salah satu primata terbesar di Madagaskar dengan panjang tubuh 53 cm, panjang ekor 60 cm dan berat 3.3–3.6 kg.
Il vari rosso (Varecia rubra É. Geoffroy, 1812) è una delle due specie del genere Varecia, i lemuri vari o lemuri dal collare; l'altro è il vari bianco e nero (Varecia variegata). Come tutti i lemuri, è originario del Madagascar, specialmente nelle foreste pluviali di Masoala, nel nord-est dell'isola.[1] È uno dei primati più grandi del Madagascar con una lunghezza corporea di 53 centimetri, una coda lunga 60 centimetri ed un peso di 3,3-3,6 kg. La sua pelliccia morbida e spessa è di colore rosso e nero e sfoggia una macchia color crema o camoscio sulla nuca, ma alcuni sono noti per avere una macchia bianca o rosa sul retro degli arti o delle dita e un anello alla base della coda in un colore simile.[3]
I lemuri vari sono i membri più grandi della famiglia Lemuridae,[4] e il vari rosso è la più grande delle due. Un esemplare adulto presenta una lunghezza corporea (senza contare la coda) di circa 53 centimetri (21 pollici), una coda lunga 60 centimetri (24 pollici)[5], per un peso di 3,3-3,6 kg (7,3-7,9 libbre). Le femmine sono leggermente più grandi dei maschi.[6] Hanno corpi snelli e lunghi arti, un muso stretto e lungo e piccole orecchie a volte nascoste dalla lunga pelliccia che forma il collare intorno al collo che dà il nome lemuri dal collare a questi animali.
Come suggerisce il nome, hanno una colorazione rosso-ruggine o rosso-mattone sulla parte superiore del corpo. La testa, lo stomaco, la coda, i piedi e l'interno degli arti sono invece neri. Hanno una macchia bianca sul retro del collo e possono anche avere segni bianchi sui piedi o sulla bocca.[6]
Ha abitudini diurne e arboricole.[7]
Vive in piccoli gruppi di 2-16 individui, ma talora anche più numerosi.
La sua dieta è costituita primariamente da frutti, nettare e polline, in misura minore da foglie e semi.[5]
Utilizza una gamma differenziata di vocalizzazioni. [1] [2]
L'accoppiamento avviene tra maggio e luglio.
Dopo una gestazione di 102 giorni, la femmina può partorire sino a sei piccoli (il più delle volte 2-3), numero alquanto inusuale tra i primati. I neonati sono ricoperti di pelo e sono in grado di vedere, ma non acquisiscono autonomia di movimento prima della sesta settimana di vita. Lo svezzamento avviene verso il quarto mese.[6] Si stima che il 65% dei cuccioli non superi il terzo mese di età, a causa di cadute dagli alberi o per l'azione dei predatori.[5]
L'aspettativa di vita del vari rosso in natura è di 15-20 anni. In cattività la soglia dei 25 anni viene raggiunta frequentemente, ed è noto un esemplare giunto sino ai 33.[7]
L'areale della specie è ristretto alla foresta pluviale della penisola di Masoala, nel Madagascar nord-orientale. La popolazione esistente è stimata tra 1.000 e 10.000 esemplari.[1]
V. rubra in passato era considerata una sottospecie di V. variegata (Varecia variegata rubra) ma è oggi riconosciuta come specie a sé stante.[3]
Per la ristrettezza del suo areale, minacciato dal disboscamento, e la relativa esiguità della popolazione residua, V. rubra è considerata dalla IUCN una specie in pericolo critico di estinzione.[1]
La specie è inserita nell'Appendice I della CITES (specie di cui è assolutamente vietato il commercio).
La creazione, nel 1997, del Parco Nazionale di Masoala ha aiutato a proteggere la specie, ma parte della popolazione residua vive fuori dai confini del parco ed è soggetta alle minacce della caccia da parte delle popolazioni locali e della cattura per il commercio illegale internazionale.[5]
Il vari rosso (Varecia rubra É. Geoffroy, 1812) è una delle due specie del genere Varecia, i lemuri vari o lemuri dal collare; l'altro è il vari bianco e nero (Varecia variegata). Come tutti i lemuri, è originario del Madagascar, specialmente nelle foreste pluviali di Masoala, nel nord-est dell'isola. È uno dei primati più grandi del Madagascar con una lunghezza corporea di 53 centimetri, una coda lunga 60 centimetri ed un peso di 3,3-3,6 kg. La sua pelliccia morbida e spessa è di colore rosso e nero e sfoggia una macchia color crema o camoscio sulla nuca, ma alcuni sono noti per avere una macchia bianca o rosa sul retro degli arti o delle dita e un anello alla base della coda in un colore simile.
Raudonasis varis (lot. Varecia rubra, angl. Red Ruffed Lemur, vok. Rote Vari) – lemūrinių (Lemuridae) šeimos primatas. Labai sparčiai nykstanti rūšis, paplitusi Madagaskare.
Šis straipsnis apie zoologiją yra nebaigtas. Jūs galite prisidėti prie Vikipedijos papildydami šį straipsnį. De rode vari (Varecia rubra synoniem: Varecia variegata rubra) is een halfaap uit de familie der maki's (Lemuridae). Het is een van de twee soorten vari's, de andere soort is de vari (V. variegata), die zwart-wit is. Voorheen werden de twee soorten tot dezelfde soort gerekend.
De vari is 53 centimeter lang en heeft een staart van zo'n 60 centimeter. Ze wegen ongeveer 3,5 tot 4 kilogram. Mannetjes zijn iets kleiner dan wijfjes. De rode vari leeft in de regenwouden langs de kust van Oost-Madagaskar.
De kop, buik, poten en staart van de vari is zwart, de rug is rood en in de nek bevindt zich een witte streep. In het wild worden de dieren zo'n 15 tot 20 jaar oud en in gevangenschap tot 25 jaar. Het is een dier dat overdag het meest actief is voornamelijk in de ochtend en de avondschemering.
In tegenstelling tot andere primaten die overdag actief zijn, bouwen de wijfjes nesten 10 tot 20 meter boven de grond. De jongen worden geboren aan de start van het regenseizoen omdat er dan meer voedsel voorhanden is. De jongen kunnen meteen zien en hebben een vacht, maar kunnen het nest pas na 7 weken verlaten. Tot 65% wordt niet ouder dan drie maanden, voornamelijk omdat de jongen uit de bomen vallen.[bron?] Ze eten vooral vruchten, zaden, bladeren en nectar.
De rode vari houdt zich op in ongeschonden, hoogopgaande bossen, waar hij leeft in de boomkronen. Het verspreidingsgebied is 4000 km² op het schiereiland Masoalo (zie kaartje verspreidingsgebied). Door de opening van het Nationaal park Masoala in 1997 is er een extra bescherming, maar vele dieren leven nog buiten het park. Het is niet bekend hoeveel exemplaren er in het wild leven. Het leefgebied wordt bedreigd door zwerflandbouw (slash-and-burn), verder wordt er nog steeds op het dier gejaagd. Daarom is het een bedreigde diersoort die op de internationale rode lijst staat.[1] Er zijn echter nog zo'n 200 dieren verspreid over 42 dierentuinen verspreid over de wereld. Enkele van deze zoo's werken samen aan een fokprogramma.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe rode vari (Varecia rubra synoniem: Varecia variegata rubra) is een halfaap uit de familie der maki's (Lemuridae). Het is een van de twee soorten vari's, de andere soort is de vari (V. variegata), die zwart-wit is. Voorheen werden de twee soorten tot dezelfde soort gerekend.
O varecia-vermelho (Varecia rubra) é uma espécie de lêmure endémico de Madagáscar. Habita somente no Parque Nacional de Masoala, a nordeste da ilha.
Pesam até 2 kg e têm uma esperança de vida de 20 anos em estado selvagem. Alimentam-se de frutos, folhas e sementes. O seu período de gestação é de aproximadamente 100 dias, findo o qual nasce uma prole com até 6 crias.
O varecia-vermelho (Varecia rubra) é uma espécie de lêmure endémico de Madagáscar. Habita somente no Parque Nacional de Masoala, a nordeste da ilha.
Pesam até 2 kg e têm uma esperança de vida de 20 anos em estado selvagem. Alimentam-se de frutos, folhas e sementes. O seu período de gestação é de aproximadamente 100 dias, findo o qual nasce uma prole com até 6 crias.
Predefinição:IUCN2014.1Röd vari (Varecia rubra) är en art i familjen lemurer som förekommer på Madagaskar.
Djuret når en kroppslängd mellan 50 och 55 centimeter och därtill kommer en 60 till 65 centimeter lång svans. Vikten ligger mellan 3,5 och 4 kilogram. Pälsen på djurets rygg och på övre delen av extremiteterna är rödbrun. Svansen, buken, ansiktet och fötterna är svarta. Röd vari har en vit nacke och ibland finns vita ställen vid andra kroppsdelar. Nosen är långsträckt, tungan är lång och vid öronen finns påfallande tofsar.
Röd vari är endemisk på halvön Masoala i nordöstra Madagaskar. Habitatet utgörs av tropisk regnskog. Arten förekommer upp till 1000 meter över havet.
Dessa primater lever i träd och vistas vanligen i trädens övre delar. De rör sig långsamma men kan hoppa från gren till gren. Djuret är aktivt på dagen. Individernas sociala beteende är variabel, de lever antingen i familjegrupper eller i större grupper med 2 till 16 medlemmar. För kommunikationen har de olika läten. De ropar efter gruppmedlemmar, varnar varandra eller skriker när främmande individer kommer för nära.
Födan utgörs främst av frukter men de äter även blad. Med hjälp av sin långa tunga äter de blommornas nektar. På så sätt spelar de en betydande roll för vissa växters pollinering. När de äter hänger de ibland med huvudet neråt.
Parningen sker mellan maj och juli. Efter dräktigheten som varar i ungefär 100 dagar föder honan i september eller oktober tvillingar (ibland tre ungar). Före födelsen skapar honan en bo av blad. Efter cirka 70 dagar utför ungarna sina första självständiga utflykter.
Röd varin hotas främst av levnadsområdets förstöring och dessutom jagas den ibland för köttets skull. 1997 inrättades en nationalpark på Masoala som skyddar delar av populationen. IUCN listar arten som stark hotad (endangered).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Röd vari.
Röd vari (Varecia rubra) är en art i familjen lemurer som förekommer på Madagaskar.
Vượn cáo cổ khoang đỏ[2] (danh pháp hai phần: Varecia rubra) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Lemuridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1812.[2]
Vượn cáo cổ khoang đỏ là một trong hai loài vượn cáo cổ khoang nguy cấp đặc hữu đảo Madagascar. Loài này chỉ sinh sống ở rừng mưa nhiệt đới ở Masoala, đông bắc đảo.[1] Nó là một trong những loài linh trưởng lớn nhất ở Madagascar với thân dài 53 cm, đuôi dài 60 cm và cân nặng 3,3–3,6 kg. Bộ lông dày và mềm có màu đó và đen.
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Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Vượn cáo cổ khoang đỏ (danh pháp hai phần: Varecia rubra) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Lemuridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1812.
Vượn cáo cổ khoang đỏ là một trong hai loài vượn cáo cổ khoang nguy cấp đặc hữu đảo Madagascar. Loài này chỉ sinh sống ở rừng mưa nhiệt đới ở Masoala, đông bắc đảo. Nó là một trong những loài linh trưởng lớn nhất ở Madagascar với thân dài 53 cm, đuôi dài 60 cm và cân nặng 3,3–3,6 kg. Bộ lông dày và mềm có màu đó và đen.
Varecia rubra (É. Geoffroy, 1812)
Ареал
Рыжий вари[1] (лат. Varecia rubra) — млекопитающее из рода лемуров вари. Наиболее близкий вид — лемур вари (Varecia variegata), ранее оба вида считались подвидами одного вида.[2]
Это один из крупнейших лемуров Мадагаскара. Туловище покрыто густой рыжей шерстью, хвост, кончики лап и голова — чёрные. Длина тела около 50 см, хвоста — до 60 см, масса — 3—4 кг. Самки немного крупнее самцов, но половой диморфизм слабо выражен.[3]
Ареал — влажные тропические леса национального парка «Масуала» на северо-востоке Мадагаскара. Больше нигде вид не встречается. Обитает вид до высоты 1006 м[4]. Площадь территории обитания — около 4 тыс. км², охранный статус — находящийся под угрозой (EN)[5]. Живут лемуры на деревьях на высоте 10—20 м над землёй. Лемуры обитают группами до 15 особей, редко — около 30, образ жизни — дневной.
Основа питания — фрукты, но в рацион входят также листья и молодые побеги.[6]
Спаривание происходит обычно в конце сухого сезона (с мая по июль), беременность длится около 100 дней, рождается 2—3 детёныша, реже — 5—6. Вскармливание — до 4 месяцев. Живут лемуры 15—20 лет, в неволе — до 25 лет, редко около 30.[7]
Это заготовка статьи по приматологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Рыжий вари (лат. Varecia rubra) — млекопитающее из рода лемуров вари. Наиболее близкий вид — лемур вари (Varecia variegata), ранее оба вида считались подвидами одного вида.
붉은목도리여우원숭이 (Varecia rubra)는 목도리여우원숭이속(Varecia) 원숭이 2종 중의 하나이다; 나머지 한 종은 흑백목도리여우원숭이 (Varecia variegata)이다. 다른 모든 여우원숭이들처럼, 마다가스카르 섬이 원산지로, 그 섬의 북동부에 있는 마조알라의 우림에서만 발견된다.[2] 키는 53 cm, 꼬리는 60 cm 그리고 몸무게는 3.5~4 kg으로 마다가스카르에서 가장 큰 영장류의 하나이다. 털은 부드럽고 가늘며, 색깔은 붉고 검지만, 일부는 목 뒤에 희거나 핑크빛의 반점과 꼬리의 기저에 비슷한 색깔의 고리를 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다.
목도리여우원숭이의 또 다른 종으로, 붉은목도리여우원숭이와 비슷한 흑백목도리여우원숭이가 있다. 이 두 종은 마다가스카르의 동부 해안을 따라 우림에서 살지만, 서로 어울리지는 않는다.
붉은목도리여우원숭이의 몸무게는 3.5-4 kg이다. 키는 약 53 cm 이고, 꼬리는 60 cm 정도이다.[4] 암컷이 수컷보다 약간 크다.[5]
이들의 이름은 목도리와 몸의 색깔이 적갈색을 띠고 있기 때문에 제안된 것으로 보인다. 머리와 배, 꼬리, 발 그리고 다리 안쪽은 검은 색이다. 목 뒤에 흰 반점이 있으며, 또한 발 또는 입에 흰 무늬를 지니고 있는 것으로 보인다.[5]
붉은목도리여우원숭이는 매우 청결한 동물로, 자신과 각자 서로의 털을 손질하는 데 많은 시간을 쓴다. 특히, 이 습성을 위해 발달한 아래 앞니와 뒷발의 두 번째 발톱을 이용한다. 아래 앞니는 다른 이빨과 함께 앞으로 튀어나와 있으며, 약간 공간을 차지하고 있다. 이는 길고 부드러운 털을 손질하는 참빗으로 사용된다. 또한 발톱도 털을 손질하는 데 사용된다.
붉은목도리여우원숭이는 야생에서 15~20년을 산다. 사육 상태에서 25살까지 사는 것은 드물지 않고, 어떤 원숭이는 약 33살까지 살기도 한다. 주행성 동물로, 아침과 저녁에 주로 활동한다.[6]
이 원원류는 일반적으로 2-16마리씩 작은 모계사회를 형성하지만, 32마리까지 무리를 짓는 것이 기록된 바 있다. 이들의 먹이는 주로 나무 열매와 꽃꿀 그리고 꽃가루 등으로 구성되어 있다. 과일을 구하기 힘들 때는, 잎이나 식물의 씨앗 등을 먹는 것으로 보인다.[4]
다른 모든 주행성 영장류와는 달리,[4] 암컷은 숲 속의 10-20미터 상부에, 나뭇가지와 잎, 덩굴 그리고 털로 둥지를 만든다. 모든 여우원숭이처럼, 다수의 마다가스카르 포유류는 건기가 끝날 무렵(5월에서 7월)이 번식기가 정해져 있다. 이는 우기에 새끼가 태어나면, 먹이가 좀 더 풍부해지기 때문이다. 목도리여우원숭이는 또한 새끼들과 함께 있는 유일한 영장류로, 102일동안의 임신 기간 이후에 암컷은 최대 6마리, 일반적으로 두 세 마리의 새끼를 낳는다. 새끼들은 낳을 때부터 털이 있고 볼 수 있으나, 움직일 수는 없으며, 암컷은 새끼들이 태어난 지 7주가 지나면 새끼들을 둥지에 둔채 떠난다. 태어난 지 4개월이 지나면 젖을 뗀다.[5] 새끼의 65%는 3개월을 넘지 못하며, 나무에서 떨어져 죽는 것으로 추산되고 있다.[4]
붉은목도리여우원숭이는 주로 과일을 먹기는 하지만, 잎과 새싹을 먹는 것으로도 알려져 있다. 이들은 특히 무화과를 좋아한다.[7]
듀그 여우원숭이 센터는 약 12가지의 신호를 보고하고 있다. 붉은목도리여우원숭이와 흑백목도리여우원숭이는 마다가스카르의 다른 지역에 살고 있음에도 불구하고 서로의 신호를 안다. 냄새 표지도 중요한 신호 수단 중 하나이다.[4]
IUCN 적색 목록은 붉은목도리여우원숭이를 멸종위기종으로 간주하고 있으며, 그 주된 위협은 서식지 감소와 밀렵 그리고 애완용 거래되기 때문이다.[2] 1997년에 마조알라 국립공원이 만들어져, 이 종을 보호하는 데 도움이 되고 있지만, 많은 붉은목도리여우원숭이들이 공원 내에 살고 있지 않으며 아직도 멸종 위험이 매우 높다.[4]
야생에서의 붉은목도리여우원숭이의 정확한 상태는 완전히 알려져 있지 않지만, 최근의 연구에 의하면, 야생에서 개체군이 감소하고 있어 멸종 위험에 처해 있는 것으로 보인다. 현재, 전 세계의 42개 동물원에 200마리 이상의 목도리여우원숭이가 있다. 이들 동물원들 중 몇 군데는 포획한 개체에 대해 번식을 시키거나 돌보는 일을 공동으로 하고 있다. 근친 교배되는 것을 막기 위하여, 동물원의 번식 프로그램에 야생에서 사로잡은 동물들을 받아들이고 있다.
붉은목도리여우원숭이 (Varecia rubra)는 목도리여우원숭이속(Varecia) 원숭이 2종 중의 하나이다; 나머지 한 종은 흑백목도리여우원숭이 (Varecia variegata)이다. 다른 모든 여우원숭이들처럼, 마다가스카르 섬이 원산지로, 그 섬의 북동부에 있는 마조알라의 우림에서만 발견된다. 키는 53 cm, 꼬리는 60 cm 그리고 몸무게는 3.5~4 kg으로 마다가스카르에서 가장 큰 영장류의 하나이다. 털은 부드럽고 가늘며, 색깔은 붉고 검지만, 일부는 목 뒤에 희거나 핑크빛의 반점과 꼬리의 기저에 비슷한 색깔의 고리를 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다.
목도리여우원숭이의 또 다른 종으로, 붉은목도리여우원숭이와 비슷한 흑백목도리여우원숭이가 있다. 이 두 종은 마다가스카르의 동부 해안을 따라 우림에서 살지만, 서로 어울리지는 않는다.
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