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Moroteuthopsis longimana

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Moroteuthopsis longimana, also known as the giant warty squid or longarm octopus squid,[3] is a large species of hooked squid. It attains a mantle length of at least 85 cm and probably over 1.15 m.[3] The largest complete specimen of this species, measuring 2.3 m in total length, was found in Antarctica in 2000.[4]

Description

M. longimana is a large squid, the adults can grow to a mantle length of 740 mm, which is characterised by the presence of 33 hooks and marginal suckers throughout the tentacular club during subadult years. The gladius of this species is not visible beneath the skin in the dorsal midline. M. longimana possesses three nuchal folds.[5]

Type material

The type material of this species, consisting of three specimens caught at the surface and a depth of 50 m, was collected just north of the South Orkney Islands[6] and is deposited at the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University.[7]

Distribution

M. longimana occurs in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters of the Southern Ocean. Its range may be circumpolar with an Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic distribution,[8] stretching as far north as South Georgia and the Tasman Sea.[9][10]

Ecology

This squid is eaten by several predators in the Southern Ocean, mainly sharks (sleeper sharks and porbeagles, accounting for 21% and 19% of the cephalopod biomass consumed by each shark, respectively[11]), albatrosses, sperm whales and penguins.

Several prey have been identified for the diet of M. longimana, with krill as the main source of food. However, indirect methods have pointed for other high trophic level prey as other crustaceans and lanternfish.[8][12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Barratt, I. & Allcock, L. (2014). "Kondakovia longimana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T163403A1005247. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163403A1005247.en. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  2. ^ Bouchet P (2018). Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Kondakovia longimana Filippova, 1972". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  3. ^ a b O'Shea, S. 2005. Kondakovia longimana. In: Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
  4. ^ Carrington, D. (3 July 2000). "Big squid breaks record". BBC News.
  5. ^ Vecchione, M., R.E. Young & K. Tsuchiya 2003. Kondakovia longimana Filippova, 1972. Tree of Life web project.
  6. ^ Filippova, J. A. (1972). "New data on the squids (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from the Scotia Sea (Antarctic)". Malacologia. 11: 391–406.
  7. ^ Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda Archived December 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b Guerreiro, Miguel; Phillips, Richard A.; Cherel, Yves; Ceia, Filipe R.; Alvito, Pedro; Rosa, Rui; Xavier, José C. (2015). "Habitat and trophic ecology of Southern Ocean cephalopods from stable isotope analyses". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 530: 119–134. doi:10.3354/meps11266.
  9. ^ Xavier, J. C.; Rodhouse, P. G.; Trathan, P. N.; Wood, A. G. (1999). "A Geographical Information System (GIS) Atlas of cephalopod distribution in the Southern Ocean". Antarctic Science. 11 (1): 61–62. doi:10.1017/S0954102099000097.
  10. ^ Kubodera, T.; Piatkowski, U.; Okutani, T.; Clarke, M.R. (1998). "Taxonomy and zoogeography of the family Onychoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 586: 277–291.
  11. ^ Cherel, Yves; Duhamel, Guy (2004). "Antarctic jaws: cephalopod prey of sharks in Kerguelen waters". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 51 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2003.09.009.
  12. ^ Nemoto, T.; Okiyama, M.; Iwasaki, N.; Kikuchi, T. (1988). "Squid as predators on krill (Euphausia superba) and prey for sperm whales in the Southern Ocean". In Sahrhage, D. (ed.). Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 292–296. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73724-4_25.
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Moroteuthopsis longimana: Brief Summary

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Moroteuthopsis longimana, also known as the giant warty squid or longarm octopus squid, is a large species of hooked squid. It attains a mantle length of at least 85 cm and probably over 1.15 m. The largest complete specimen of this species, measuring 2.3 m in total length, was found in Antarctica in 2000.

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Kondakovia longimana ( French )

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Kondakovia longimana est une espèce de calmar géant de la famille des Onychoteuthidae.

Description

Un individu de 2,3 m pour environ 30 kg a été observé échoué sur une plage de l'Antarctique en 2000[1]. C'est une proie privilégiée pour certains requins de la famille des Somnosidae et de la maraîche, et il représente respectivement 21 et 19 % de la consommation de céphalopodes de ces requins[2].

Référence

  • Filippova, 1972 : New data on the squids (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from the Scotia Sea (Antarctic). Malacologia, vol. 11, n. 2, p. 391-406.

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Kondakovia longimana: Brief Summary ( French )

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Kondakovia longimana est une espèce de calmar géant de la famille des Onychoteuthidae.

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Kondakovia nigmatullini ( Italian )

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Kondakovia nigmatullini Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin e Bolstad, 2009 è una specie di calamaro della famiglia degli Onicoteutidi originaria delle acque antartiche[1].

Descrizione

Molto simile nell'aspetto a K. longimana, questa specie, scoperta solo di recente, è caratterizzata da pinne di forma romboidale corte e larghe, da un lungo rostro del gladio (pari all'incirca al 13% della lunghezza del mantello), da uno sviluppo molto debole o addirittura dall'assenza delle creste longitudinali sulla superficie del mantello e da alcune pieghe reticolate su di essa. Le clave tentacolari presentano 23-27 uncini[2].

Distribuzione e habitat

La specie è nota solamente a partire da due esemplari, il primo catturato a a una profondità di 733-784 m, il secondo a a 906-966 m. Essa è probabilmente confinata alle acque profonde subantartiche dell'Atlantico sud-occidentale[1].

Biologia

Come è facile immaginare, le abitudini di questo cefalopode sono quasi del tutto sconosciute, ma gli studiosi ritengono che si tratti di una specie mesopelagica[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b c d (EN) Barratt, I. & Allcock, L., Kondakovia nigmatullini, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ V. Laptikhovsky, A. Arkhipkin e K. S. Bolstad, 2008. A second species of the squid genus Kondakovia (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the sub-Antarctic Archiviato il 3 febbraio 2013 in Archive.is..

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Kondakovia nigmatullini: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Kondakovia nigmatullini Laptikhovsky, Arkhipkin e Bolstad, 2009 è una specie di calamaro della famiglia degli Onicoteutidi originaria delle acque antartiche.

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Kondakovia longimana ( Portuguese )

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Kondakovia longimana é uma grande espécie de lula, da família Onychoteuthidae. O manto pode atingir os 85 cm e provavelmente acima de 1,15 m[1] O espécimen de maior tamanho, medindo 2,3 m de comprimento, foi encontrado na Antártida, em 2000.[2]

Distribuição

K. longimana ocorre em águas epipelágicas e mesopelágicas do Oceano Antártico. A distribuição passa por circumpolar podendo chegar até às Ilhas Geórgia do Sul e Sandwich do Sul e ao Mar da Tasmânia[3]

O material-tipo desta espécie, consistindo em três espécimenes apanhados à superfície e a uma profundidade de 50 m, foram recolhidos a norte das Ilhas Órcades do Sul[4] e está depositado no Museu Zoológico da Universidade Estatal de Moscovo.[5]

Referências

  1. O'Shea, S. 2005. Kondakovia longimana. In: Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
  2. Carrington, D. 2000. Big squid breaks record. BBC News, July 3, 2000.
  3. Kubodera, T., U. Piatkowski, T. Okutani & M.R. Clarke 1998. Taxonomy and Zoogeography of the Family Onychoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 586: 277–291.
  4. Filippova, Y.A. 1972. New Data on the Squids (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from the Scotia Sea. Malacologia 11(2): 391–406.
  5. Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda

Leitura adicional

  • Jarre, A., M.R. Clarke & D. Pauly 1991. Re-examination of growth estimates in oceanic squids: the case of Kondakovia longimana (Onychoteuthidae). ICES Journal of Marine Science 48: 195–200.
  • Lu, C.C. & R. Williams. 1994. Kondakovia longimana Filippova, 1972 (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) from the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science 6(2): 231–234.

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Kondakovia longimana: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Kondakovia longimana é uma grande espécie de lula, da família Onychoteuthidae. O manto pode atingir os 85 cm e provavelmente acima de 1,15 m O espécimen de maior tamanho, medindo 2,3 m de comprimento, foi encontrado na Antártida, em 2000.

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