Comments
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In Pakistan it is common in Sindh and Punjab, rare in N.W.F.P.
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Comments
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Some authors, such as Borssum Waalkes (Blumea 14: 175. 1966), include the following species within Abutilon indicum.
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Description
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Undershrub to shrub, ½ to c. 3 m tall, stellate pubescent, intermingled with small, simple, spreading hairs atleast on the young parts. Branches usually green sometimes purplish. Leaves 2-18.5 cm long, 1.5-16 cm broad, cordate at base, acute to long acuminate at apex, serrate to crenate, 7-9-nerved, sometimes 3-angular, stellate pubescent, velutinous and cinereous on both sides, sometimes green above, petiole 2 to 18 cm long, stellate pubescent mixed with sparse, weak, simple, spreading hairs; stipule linear, 2-5 mm long. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicel 1.5-8 cm long, jointed near the apex. Calyx 7-11 mm long, not or slightly accresent in fruit, ultimately reflexed, fused at the base or nearly to the middle, pubescent on both sides; lobes lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, 4-5 mm broad. Corolla orange-yellow or yellow, 2.5-3.5 cm across; petals obovate, 1-1.5 cm long and broad, claw hairy on the margin. Staminal column 5-7 mm long, stellate pubescent. Fruit. cylindric truncate, 1.5-2 cm across, stellate pubescent; mericarps (14-) 15-20, 10-18 mm long, 7-9 mm broad, acute or somewhat acuminate at the back, erect at maturity and not spreading stellately as in Abutilon ghafoorianum S.Abedin, dehisce after separating from the central axis.
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Description
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Herbs subshrublike, annual or perennial, erect, many branched, 1-2.5 m, entire plant gray puberulent. Stipules subulate, 1-2 mm, curved outward; petiole 2-4 cm, gray puberulent and sparsely hairy, hairs silklike, ca. 1 mm; leaf blade ovate-orbicular or nearly orbicular, 3-9 × 2.5-7 cm, densely gray stellate puberulent, base cordate, margin irregularly serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary, 2-2.5 cm in diam. Pedicel ca. 4 cm, articulate near apex, gray stellate puberulent. Calyx green, disk-shaped, 6-10 mm in diam., densely gray puberulent, lobes 5, broadly ovate, apex acute. Corolla uniformly yellow; petals 7-8 mm. Staminal column stellate scabrous. Ovary 15-20-loculed. Fruit black, flat topped, ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; mericarps 15-20, apex acute, slightly awned, long stellate scabrous. Seeds reniform, sparsely stellate. Fl. Jul-Oct.
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Distribution
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Himalaya, India, Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, S. China, Taiwan, S. Japan, Malaysia, Australia, Loyalty Isl.
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Distribution
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Distribution: Tropics and subtropics of New and Old Worlds.
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Distribution
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Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
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Elevation Range
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200-1100 m
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Habitat
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Disturbed sites on sandy soils; below 800(-1500) m.
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Synonym
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Sida indica Linnaeus, Cent. Pl. 2: 26. 1756; Abutilon asiaticum (Linnaeus) Sweet; Abutilon cavaleriei H. Léveillé; A. cysticarpum Hance ex Walpers; A. indicum var. populifolium (Lamarck) Wight & Arnott; A. populifolium (Lamarck) G. Don; S. asiatica Linnaeus; S. populifolia Lamarck.
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Abutilon indicum
provided by wikipedia EN
Pollen grains of Abutilon indicum
Abutilon indicum (Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) is a small shrub in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. This plant is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant, its roots and leaves being used for curing fevers. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range, and is considered invasive on certain tropical islands.[1]
- Hindi name: कंंघाइ "Kanghai"
- Urdu name: کنگھی "Kanghi"
- Tamil name: துத்தி "thuthi"
- Sanskrit name: अतिबला Atibalaa
- Tulu name: "urki"[2]
- Telugu name: Duvvena Kayalu "duvvena benda"(దువ్వెన బెండ)
- Kannada name: TuThThi gida (ತುಥ್ಥಿ ಗಿಡ)
- Malayalam name:വെള്ളൂരം
- Odia name: ପେଡ଼ି ପେଡ଼ିକା "Pedi Pedika" [3]
Distribution
The species occurs in a number of tropical and subtropical zones. An example occurrence is within parts of the Great Barrier Reef islands of the Coral Sea.[4]
Traditional medicine
In traditional medicine, A. indicum various parts of the plant are used as a demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, diuretic, sedative, astringent, expectorant, tonic, anti-convulsant,[5] anti-inflammatory,[6] anthelmintic, and analgesic and to treat leprosy, ulcers, headaches, gonorrhea, and bladder infection.[7] The whole plant is uprooted, dried and is powdered. In ancient days, maidens were made to consume a spoonful of this powder with a spoonful of honey, once in a day, for 6 months until the day of marriage, for a safe and quick pregnancy.[8]
The plant is commonly used in Siddha medicines. The root, bark, flowers, leaves and seeds are all used for medicinal purposes by Tamils. The leaves are used as adjunct to medicines used for pile complaints. The flowers are used to increase semen in men.[9]
Chemistry
β-Sitosterol is present in A. indicum and a petroleum ether extract has larvicidal properties against the mosquito larvae Culex quinquefasciatus.[10] A methanol extract of A. indicum has some antimicrobial properties.[11]
References
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^ a b "Abutilon indicum". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
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^ {{Cite web |title=Tulu Dictionary |url=https://tuludictionary.in/dictionary/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=tuludictionary.in |quote=Select "Tulu" in search language option and exact in search type after typing urki in search box}}
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^ "Ekamravana". Archived from the original on 2016-12-18. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
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^ C.Michael Hogan (2011). "Coral Sea". In P. Saundry; C.J. Cleveland (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment.
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^ Anticonvulsant activity of Abutilon indicum Leaf. Dharmesh K Golwala, Laxman D Patel, Santosh K Vaidya, Sunil B Bothara, Munesh Mani, Piyush Patel. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJPPS) (ISSN 0975-1491), Sagar, India. 2010: Volume 2, Issue 1, page: 66-72.[1]
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^ Anti-inflammatory activity of Abutilon indicum Linn. Leaf. DK Golwala, LD Patel,SB Bothara, SK Vaidya, AR Sahu, S Kumar. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical & Technology (ISSN Online: 0974-360X; Print: 0974-3618), Raipur, India. 2010: Volume 3, Issue 1, page: 433-439.[2]
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^ Nishanta Rajakaruna; Cory S. Harris; G.H.N. Towers (2002). "Antimicrobial Activity of Plants Collected from Serpentine Outcrops in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Pharmaceutical Biology. 40 (3): 235–244. doi:10.1076/phbi.40.3.235.5825. S2CID 53004266.
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^ Pandikumar, P.; Chellappandian, M.; Mutheeswaran, S.; Ignacimuthu, S. (2011). "Consensus of local knowledge on medicinal plants among traditional healers in Mayiladumparai block of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 134 (2): 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.027. PMID 21193023.
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^ J.Raamachandran, "Herbs of Siddha Medicines – The First 3D Book on Herbs, p. 4
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^ A. Abdul Rahuman; Geetha Gopalakrishnan; P. Venkatesan; Kannappan Geetha (2008). "Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet". Parasitology Research. 102 (5): 981–988. doi:10.1007/s00436-007-0864-5. PMID 18176816. S2CID 845151.
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^ Jigna Parekh; Nehal Karathia; Sumitra Chanda (2006). "Screening of some traditionally used medicinal plants for potential antibacterial activity". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 68 (6): 832. doi:10.4103/0250-474X.31031.
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Abutilon indicum: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Indian abutilon
Pollen grains of Abutilon indicum
Abutilon indicum (Indian abutilon, Indian mallow) is a small shrub in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions. This plant is a valuable medicinal and ornamental plant, its roots and leaves being used for curing fevers. It has been widely introduced outside of its native range, and is considered invasive on certain tropical islands.
Hindi name: कंंघाइ "Kanghai" Urdu name: کنگھی "Kanghi" Tamil name: துத்தி "thuthi" Sanskrit name: अतिबला Atibalaa Tulu name: "urki" Telugu name: Duvvena Kayalu "duvvena benda"(దువ్వెన బెండ) Kannada name: TuThThi gida (ತುಥ್ಥಿ ಗಿಡ) Malayalam name:വെള്ളൂരം Odia name: ପେଡ଼ି ପେଡ଼ିକା "Pedi Pedika"
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Indian abutilon 
Pollen grains of Abutilon indicum 
