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Teleforal ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Els Thelephorales són un ordre de fongs. Aquest ordre inclou fongs corticioides i hydnoides, junt amb unes poques espècies de fongs polipors i clavarioides. Tots els fongs dins l'ordre Thelephorales són ectomycorrhiza. Sarcodon imbricatus i la llengua de bou (Hydnum repandum) són comestibles i es comercialitzen, algunes espècies es fan servir per a fer tints.[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Teleforal Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Corner EJH. «A monograph of Thelephora». Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia, 27, 1968, pàg. 1–110.
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Teleforal: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Els Thelephorales són un ordre de fongs. Aquest ordre inclou fongs corticioides i hydnoides, junt amb unes poques espècies de fongs polipors i clavarioides. Tots els fongs dins l'ordre Thelephorales són ectomycorrhiza. Sarcodon imbricatus i la llengua de bou (Hydnum repandum) són comestibles i es comercialitzen, algunes espècies es fan servir per a fer tints.

 src= Thelephora terrestris (Thelephoraceae)  src= Hydnellum ferrugineum (Bankeraceae)  src= Polyozellus multiplex (Thelephoraceae)
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Thelephorales

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The Thelephorales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes corticioid and hydnoid fungi, together with a few polypores and clavarioid species. Most fungi within the Thelephorales are ectomycorrhizal. None is of any great economic importance, though Sarcodon imbricatus is edible and commercially marketed, whilst several species have been used for craft dyeing.

Taxonomy

History

Though "the Thelephorales" were referred to in passing by E.J.H. Corner in 1968,[1] the order was not formally published till 1976 when German mycologist Franz Oberwinkler first described it as encompassing the families Thelephoraceae and Bankeraceae. As originally conceived, species within the order had diverse basidiocarp (fruit body) forms, but shared several features in common, notably similarities in basidiospore shape (most having spiny to warted, often lobed spores) and similarities in basidiocarp colours, linked to the presence of thelephoric acid derivatives and often accompanied by blue to greenish reactions with alkalis.[2]

Current status

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has supported the morphological concept of the Thelephorales, indicating that the order forms a distinct grouping within the Agaricomycetes, close to the Polyporales.[3][4][5]

Distribution and habitat

All fungi within the order are ectomycorrhizal, forming mutually beneficial associations with the roots of living trees.[3] Distribution of the Thelephorales is cosmopolitan. According to a 2008 estimate, the order contains 18 genera and over 250 species worldwide.[6]

Economic importance

Sarcodon imbricatus is an edible species collected for local markets in some countries and commercially collected in China for export as a dried product.[7] Polyozellus multiplex is also edible and collected for sale in North America.[8] Several species within the Thelephorales have been used for dyeing wool by modern craft-dyers, including Hydnellum caeruleum in North America,[9] Sarcodon squamosus in Scandinavia,[10] and Thelephora palmata in Scotland.[11]

References

  1. ^ Corner EJH. (1968). "A monograph of Thelephora". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 27: 1–110.
  2. ^ Stalpers JA. (1993). "The Aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales". Studies in Mycology. 35: 1–168. http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/publications/1035/content/txt_035.htm
  3. ^ a b Hibbett DS. (2006). "A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina". Mycologia. 98 (6): 917–925. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.917. PMID 17486968. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Hibbett DS, et al. (2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycological Research. 111 (5): 509–547. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.626.9582. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334. S2CID 4686378.
  5. ^ Matheny PB, et al. (2007). "Contributions of rpb2 and tef1 to the phylogeny of mushrooms and allies (Basidiomycota, Fungi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 430–451. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.024. PMID 17081773.
  6. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ Berch SM, Cocksedge W (2003). Commercially important wild mushrooms and fungi of British Columbia: what the buyers are buying. Technical Report 006 (PDF). Victoria, British Columbia: British Columbia Ministry of Forests Science Program. pp. 1, 5. ISBN 978-0-7726-4932-4.
  9. ^ Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for August 2003 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/aug2003.html
  10. ^ Johannesson H, Ryman S, Lundmark H, Danell E (1999). "Sarcodon imbricatus and S. squamosus — two confused species". Mycological Research. 103 (11): 1447–1452. doi:10.1017/S0953756299008709. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-04. Retrieved 2010-11-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ http://193.62.154.38/celtica/fungi/dyesb.htm#palmata
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Thelephorales: Brief Summary

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The Thelephorales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. The order includes corticioid and hydnoid fungi, together with a few polypores and clavarioid species. Most fungi within the Thelephorales are ectomycorrhizal. None is of any great economic importance, though Sarcodon imbricatus is edible and commercially marketed, whilst several species have been used for craft dyeing.

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Thelephorales ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los Thelephorales son hongos de la división Basidiomycota.[1]​ Se caracterizan por poseer el himenio no laminado, sino generalmente hidnoide. Sus componentes poseen una difícil asignación sistemática. Poseen un importante papel ecológico en el reciclado de los restos vegetales, aunque también pueden poseer carácter fitopatógeno o alterar las propiedades de la madera.

Su carne suele ser parda debido a la presencia de pigmentos distintos, como el ácido telefórico. Las esporas también están pigmentadas, y son típicamente verrucosas.[2]

Sistemática

Según Cannon y Kirk (2007):[3]

Referencias

  1. «Thelephorales». Catalogue of Life (2010 Annual Checklist) (en inglés). Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica (ITIS).
  2. Izco, J. et al. (2004). Botánica. McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, S.A.U. - Madrid. ISBN 84-486-0609-4.
  3. Cannon PF, Kirk PM. (2007). Fungal families of the world (en inglés). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 0-85199-827-5.
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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Los Thelephorales son hongos de la división Basidiomycota.​ Se caracterizan por poseer el himenio no laminado, sino generalmente hidnoide. Sus componentes poseen una difícil asignación sistemática. Poseen un importante papel ecológico en el reciclado de los restos vegetales, aunque también pueden poseer carácter fitopatógeno o alterar las propiedades de la madera.

Su carne suele ser parda debido a la presencia de pigmentos distintos, como el ácido telefórico. Las esporas también están pigmentadas, y son típicamente verrucosas.​

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Lehternahkiselaadsed ( Estonian )

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Lehternahkiselaadsed (Thelephorales) on selts seeni, mis kuulub klassi Agaricomycetes.

Sellesse seltsi kuuluvad sugukonnad:

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Thelephorales ( French )

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Les Thelephorales sont un ordre de champignons basidiomycètes dans la classe des agaricomycètes. C'est dans cet ordre que l'on rencontre en Europe les Sarcodons.

Définition

L'ordre des Thelephorales ou clade telephoroïde[1] comprend des corticioïdes et des champignons hydnoïdes, avec quelques polypores et espèces clavarioïde. Tous les champignons de l'ordre des Thelephorales sont ectomycorhiziens. Peu ont une importance économique, mais le Sarcodon est comestible et parfois commercialisé.

Les origines

Bien que l'ordre des Thelephorales avait déjà été mentionnés par EJH Corner en 1968[2], l'ordre n'a été officiellement publiée qu'en 1976, lorsque l'allemand mycologue Franz Oberwinkler décrit en premier comme englobant les familles Thelephoraceae et Bankeraceae.

Situation actuelle

La recherche moléculaire, basée sur l'analyse cladistique des séquences d'ADN, confirme le concept morphologique des Thelephorales, indiquant que l'ordre forme un groupe distinct au sein des Agaricomycètes, et proche des Polyporales[3],[4]

Habitat et de la distribution

Tous les champignons de l'ordre sont ectomycorhiziens, formant des associations mutuellement bénéfiques avec les racines des arbres vivants. La répartition des Thelephorales est cosmopolite. Selon une estimation de 2008, l'ordre contient 18 genres et près de 250 espèces dans le monde[5].

Phylogramme des Thelephorales

Taxonomie des Thelephorales

Famille des Bankeraceae

 src=
Le genre Hydnellum est une Bankeraceae[6].
  • genre Bankera
  • genre Boletopsis
  • genre Corneroporus
  • genre Hydnellum
  • genre Phellodon
  • genre Sarcodon

Famille des Thelephoraceae

 src=
Le genre Polyozellus est une Thelephoraceae[7].
 src=
Le genre Thelephora est une Thelephoraceae[8]
  • genre Amaurodon
  • genre Botryobasidium
  • genre Entolomina
  • genre Gymnoderma
  • genre Hypochnus
  • genre Lenzitopsis
  • genre Parahaplotrichum
  • genre Phanerodontia
  • genre Phaneroites
  • genre Pleurobasidium
  • genre Polyozellus
  • genre Pseudotomentella
  • genre Skepperia
  • genre Thelephora
  • genre Tomentella
  • genre Tomentellastrum
  • genre Tomentellopsis

Famille incertae sedis

  • genre Bubacia
  • genre Thelephorella

Notes et références

  1. (en) J.M. Moncalvo, R. Vilgalys, S.A. Redhead, J.E. Johnson, T.Y. James, M. Aime, V. Hofstetter, S.J. Verduin, E. Larsson, T.J. Baroni, R. Thorn, S. Jacobsson, H. Clémençon et O. Miller, « One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics », Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 23, no 3,‎ 2002, p. 357-400 (lire en ligne)
  2. (en) EJH Corner, « A monograph of Thelephora », Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia, vol. 27,‎ 1968, p. 1–110
  3. (en) David S. Hibbett, « A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina », Mycologia, vol. 98, no 6,‎ 2006, p. 917–925. (lire en ligne)
  4. (en) David S. Hibbett, Manfred Binder, Joseph F. Bischoff, Meredith Blackwell, Paul F. Cannon, Ove E. Erikson, Sabine Huhndorf, Timothy James, Paul M. Kirk, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, François Lutzoni, P. Brandon Matheny, David J. Mc Laughlin, Marta Powell, Scott Redhead, Conrad L. Schoch, Josep W. Spataphora, Joost A. Stalpers, Rytas Vilgalys, Catherine Aime, André Aptroot, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Gerald L. Benny, Lisa A. Castelbury, Pedro W. Crous, Yu-Cheng Dai, Walter Gams, David M. Geiser, Gareth W. Griffith, Cecile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Geir Hestmark, Kentaro Hosaka, Richard A. Humber, Kevin D. Hyde, Joseph E. ironsise, Urmas Köljalg, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Robert Lichtwardt, Joyce Longcore, Jolanta Miadlikowsk, Andrew Miller, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Sharon Mozley Standridge, Franz Oberwinkler, Erast parmasto, Valérie Reeb, Jack D. Rogers, Claude Roux, Leif Ryvarden, José Paulo Sampaio, Arthur Schüßler, Junta Sujiyama, R. Greg THorn, Leif Tibell, Wendy A. Untereiner, Christopher Walker, Zheng Wang, Alex Weir,, Michael Weiss, Merlin M. White, Katarina Winka, Yi-Jian Yao et Ning Zhang, « A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi », Mycological Research, Elsevier, David L. Hawkworth, no 111,‎ 2 mars 2007, p. 509-547 (lire en ligne)
  5. (en) P.M. Kirk, P.F. Cannon, D.W. Minter et J.A. Stalpers, Dictionary of the Fungi, Wallingford CABI, 2008, 760 p. (ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8, lire en ligne), p. 346
  6. Hydnellum ferrugineum, Posocje, Slovénie
  7. Polyozellus multiplex, Wenatchee Area WA, USA
  8. Thelephora terrestris
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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( French )

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Les Thelephorales sont un ordre de champignons basidiomycètes dans la classe des agaricomycètes. C'est dans cet ordre que l'on rencontre en Europe les Sarcodons.

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Thelephorales ( Croatian )

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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( Croatian )

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Thelephorales, red gljiva iz razreda Agaricomycetes, koljeno Basidiomycota. Obuhvaća dvije porodice, Bankeraceae i Thelephoraceae i rodove Bubacia i Thelephorella.

Porodica Bankeraceae obuhvaća rodove Bankera, Boletopsis, Corneroporus, Hydnellum, Phellodon i Sarcodon; porodica Thelephoraceae: Amaurodon, Botryobasidium, Entolomina, Gymnoderma, Hypochnus, Lenzitopsis, Parahaplotrichum, Phanerodontia, Phaneroites, Pleurobasidium, Polyozellus, Pseudotomentella, Skepperia, Thelephora, Tomentella, Tomentellastrum, Tomentellopsis.

Jestive vrste među njima su Sarcodon imbricatus (komercijalno u Kini) i Polyozellus multiplex koja se sakuplja za prodaju u Sjevernoj Americi. Neke vrste gljiva iz ovog reda koriste se i za bojanje vune, to su Hydnellum caeruleum u Sjevernoj Americi, Sarcodon squamosus u Skandinaviji, i Thelephora palmata u Škotskoj.

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Thelephorales ( Italian )

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Thelephorales è un ordine di Basidiomiceti. Questo gruppo contiene alcuni "funghi ad aghi", come Hydnellum e Sarcodon (altri sono inclusi nei Russulales) ed altre specie con caratteristiche morfologiche diverse, come ad esempio il Polyozellus multiplex.

I Thelephorales sono stati determinati attraverso studi filogenetici molecolari, ed hanno tra loro pochi caratteri morfologici in comune.

Famiglie di Thelephorales

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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Thelephorales è un ordine di Basidiomiceti. Questo gruppo contiene alcuni "funghi ad aghi", come Hydnellum e Sarcodon (altri sono inclusi nei Russulales) ed altre specie con caratteristiche morfologiche diverse, come ad esempio il Polyozellus multiplex.

I Thelephorales sono stati determinati attraverso studi filogenetici molecolari, ed hanno tra loro pochi caratteri morfologici in comune.

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Karpininkiečiai ( Lithuanian )

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Karpininkiečiai (lot. Thelephorales) – papėdgrybių (Basidiomycetes) eilė. Vaisiakūniai išsiplėtę arba kepurėti.

Lietuvoje auga šių šeimų grybai:

Šeima. Bankeraceae

Šeima. Karpininkiniai (Thelephoraceae)

Vikiteka

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Thelephorales ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Schimmels

Thelephorales is een orde binnen de klasse van Steeltjeszwammen (Basidiomycetes). De orde heeft volgens Index fungorum slechts twee families:

Orde: Thelephorales

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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Thelephorales is een orde binnen de klasse van Steeltjeszwammen (Basidiomycetes). De orde heeft volgens Index fungorum slechts twee families:

Orde: Thelephorales

Familie: Bankeraceae Familie: Thelephoraceae
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Chropiatkowce ( Polish )

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Chropiatkowce (Thelephorales Corner ex Oberw.) – rząd grzybów należący do klasy pieczarniaków (Agaricomycetes)[1].

Charakterystyka

Gatunki z rzędu Thelephorales żyją w glebie lub na drewnie i wytwarzają owocniki o zróżnicowanych kształtach i hymenoforze rurkowatym, kolczastym, lub gładkim. Zarodniki chropiatkowców są graniaste i nieregularne, o powierzchni guzkowatej lub kolczastej, nieamyloidalne[2].

Systematyka

Pozycja w klasyfikacji według Index Fungorum

Thelephorales, Incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi[1].

Taksonomia

Według ciągle aktualizowanej klasyfikacji Index Fungorum bazującej na Dictionary of the Fungi do rzędu Russulales należą następujące rodziny[3]:

Przypisy

  1. a b Index Fungorum (ang.). [dostęp 2016-06-03].
  2. Marek Snowarski: Chropiatkowce (pol.). 26-11-2004. [dostęp 13-12-2009].
  3. CABI databases (ang.). [dostęp 2016-05-07].
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Chropiatkowce: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Chropiatkowce (Thelephorales Corner ex Oberw.) – rząd grzybów należący do klasy pieczarniaków (Agaricomycetes).

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Thelephorales ( Portuguese )

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Thelephorales é uma ordem de fungos da classe Agaricomycetes. Esta ordem inclui fungos corticioides e fungos hidnoides, bem como algumas espécies de poliporos e clavarioides. Todos os fungos de Thelephorales são ectomicorrízicos. Nenhum deles possui grande importância económica, embora Sarcodon imbricatus seja comestível e comercializado, enquanto que outras espécies podem ser usadas para produzir corantes artesanais.

Taxonomia

História

Ainda que Thelephorales tenha sido referida de passagem por E.J.H. Corner em 1968,[1] esta ordem não seria publicada formalmente até 1976, quando o micologista alemão Franz Oberwinkler a descreveu pela primeira vez como incluindo as famílias Thelephoraceae e Bankeraceae. Tal como foi originalmente concebida, as espécies desta ordem tinham basidiocarpos com formas diversas, mas partilhavam várias características comuns, sobretudo semelhanças na forma dos basidiósporos (na sua maioria espinados e lobados) e semelhanças na cor dos basidiocarpos, relacionada com a presença de derivados de ácido telefórico, e frequentemente acompanhados de reacções azuis a esverdeadas com álcalis.[2]

Situação actual

Pesquisas moleculares, baseadas na análise cladística de sequências de ADN, apoia o fundamento morfológico de Thelephorales, indicando que esta ordem forma um agrupamento distinto dentro de Agaricomycetes, próximo de Polyporales.[3][4][5]

Distribuição e habitat

Todos os fungos desta ordem são ectomicorrízicos, formando associações mutuamente benéficas com raízes de árvores vivas.[3] A distribuição de Thelephorales é cosmopolita. De acordo com uma estimativa de 2008, esta ordem contém 18 géneros e mais de 250 espécies.[6]

Relevância económica

Sarcodon imbricatus é uma espécie comestível, recolectada para venda em mercados locais em alguns países e recolectada de forma comercial na China para exportação como produto seco.[7] Polyozellus multiplex é também comestível e recolectado para venda na América do Norte.[8] Várias espécies de Thelephorales são usadas actualmente para obter corantes artesanais para lã, incluindo Hydnellum caeruleum na América do Norte,[9] Sarcodon squamosus na Escandinávia,[10] e Thelephora palmata na Escócia.[11]

Referências

  1. Corner EJH. (1968). «A monograph of Thelephora». Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. 27: 1–110
  2. Stalpers JA. (1993). «The Aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales». Studies in Mycology. 35: 1–168 http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/publications/1035/content/txt_035.htm
  3. a b Hibbett DS. (2006). «A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina». Mycologia. 98: 917–925. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.917 http://www1.univap.br/drauzio/index_arquivos/Myco09.pdf Arquivado em 6 de julho de 2011, no Wayback Machine.
  4. Hibbett DS, et al. (2007). «A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi». Mycological Research. 111 (5): 509–547. PMID 17572334. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
  5. Matheny PB, et al. (2007). «Contributions of rpb2 and tef1 to the phylogeny of mushrooms and allies (Basidiomycota, Fungi)». Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43: 430–451. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.024
  6. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-85199-826-7
  7. «Cópia arquivada». Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2017. Arquivado do original em 7 de julho de 2011
  8. Berch SM, Cocksedge W (2003). Commercially important wild mushrooms and fungi of British Columbia: what the buyers are buying. Technical Report 006 (PDF). Victoria, British Columbia: British Columbia Ministry of Forests Science Program. pp. 1, 5. ISBN 0-7726-4932-4
  9. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for August 2003 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/aug2003.html
  10. Johannesson H, Ryman S, Lundmark H, Danell E (1999). «Sarcodon imbricatus and S. squamosus — two confused species». Mycological Research. 103: 1447–1452. doi:10.1017/S0953756299008709 http://www-mykopat.slu.se/Newwebsite/mycorrhiza/kantarellfiler/texter/sarcodon.pdf Arquivado em 4 de agosto de 2007, no Wayback Machine.
  11. «Cópia arquivada». Consultado em 31 de janeiro de 2017. Arquivado do original em 11 de março de 2012
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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Thelephorales é uma ordem de fungos da classe Agaricomycetes. Esta ordem inclui fungos corticioides e fungos hidnoides, bem como algumas espécies de poliporos e clavarioides. Todos os fungos de Thelephorales são ectomicorrízicos. Nenhum deles possui grande importância económica, embora Sarcodon imbricatus seja comestível e comercializado, enquanto que outras espécies podem ser usadas para produzir corantes artesanais.

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Thelephorales ( Vietnamese )

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Thelephorales là một bộ nấm trong lớp Agaricomycetes. Các loài nấm trong bộ Thelephorales đều thuộc dạng nấm ngoại cộng sinh (ectomycorrhizal). Về công dụng trong đời sống, loài Sarcodon imbricatus có thể dùng làm thực phẩm và được bán tại các cửa hàng, một số loài khác được dùng làm thuốc nhuộm.

Môi trường sống và phân bố

Các loài trong bộ nấm này phát triển nhờ quan hệ cộng sinh với rễ cây[1] và có phạm vi phân bố trên toàn cầu. Theo một thống kế năm 2008, bộ Thelephorales có 18 chi, tương ứng với trên 250 loài.[2]

Hình ảnh

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Chú thích

  1. ^ Hibbett DS. (2006). “A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina”. Mycologia 98. tr. 917–925. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.917. http://www1.univap.br/drauzio/index_arquivos/Myco09.pdf
  2. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (ấn bản 10). Wallingford: CABI. tr. 12–13. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
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Thelephorales: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Thelephorales là một bộ nấm trong lớp Agaricomycetes. Các loài nấm trong bộ Thelephorales đều thuộc dạng nấm ngoại cộng sinh (ectomycorrhizal). Về công dụng trong đời sống, loài Sarcodon imbricatus có thể dùng làm thực phẩm và được bán tại các cửa hàng, một số loài khác được dùng làm thuốc nhuộm.

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革菌目 ( Chinese )

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烟白齿菌科 Bankeraceae Donk
革菌科 Thelephoraceae Chevall.

革菌目学名:Thelephorales)是伞菌纲下的一目。该目的真菌包括革菌猴头菌,以及少量多孔菌珊瑚菌。所有这些真菌都是外生菌根菌英语Ectomycorrhiza

这一目下的翘鳞肉齿菌Sarcodon imbricatus)可食用[1],另外还有一些用来作为染料[2][3][4]

分布和栖息地

革菌目中的所有真菌都是外生菌根菌英语Ectomycorrhiza,与活树的根形成互利关系[5]。革菌目的分布是世界性的。根据2008年的估计,该目包含18个属和250多个品种[6]

参考资料

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2010-11-01]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-07).
  2. ^ Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for August 2003 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/aug2003.html
  3. ^ Johannesson H, Ryman S, Lundmark H, Danell E. Sarcodon imbricatus and S. squamosus — two confused species. Mycological Research. 1999, 103: 1447–1452. doi:10.1017/S0953756299008709. 存档副本 (PDF). [2010-11-01]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-08-04).
  4. ^ http://193.62.154.38/celtica/fungi/dyesb.htm#palmata
  5. ^ Hibbett DS. A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina. Mycologia. 2006, 98 (6): 917–925. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.917. 存档副本 (PDF). [2010-11-01]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06).
  6. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th. Wallingford: CABI. 2008: 12–13. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
小作品圖示这是一篇與真菌類相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 物種識別信息
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革菌目: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

革菌目(学名:Thelephorales)是伞菌纲下的一目。该目的真菌包括革菌猴头菌,以及少量多孔菌珊瑚菌。所有这些真菌都是外生菌根菌(英语:Ectomycorrhiza)。

这一目下的翘鳞肉齿菌(Sarcodon imbricatus)可食用,另外还有一些用来作为染料

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イボタケ目 ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
イボタケ目 Sarcodon imbricatus.jpg
シシタケ
分類 : 菌界 Fungi : 担子菌門 Basidiomycota 亜門 : ハラタケ亜門 Agaricomycotina : ハラタケ綱 Agaricomycetes : イボタケ目 Thelephorales 学名 Thelephorales 科

イボタケ目(学名:Thelephorales)は担子菌門真正担子菌綱菌類の一群である。一般に強靭な肉質あるいは革質~コルク質で、形態的には膏薬状をなして枯れ木などにべったりと広がってかさや柄を形成しないものから、樹枝状ないしサンゴ状に分岐するもの、分岐する柄の先端にへら状のかさを形成してハボタン状をなすもの、あるいは明らかなかさと柄とに分化するものまでが含まれ、胞子を形成する子実層托は多くの分類群において細い針状突起の形態をとることから、一般に Tooth fungus の名があるが、しわひだ状を呈するものや管孔状をなすものも僅かに含まれている。


分類[編集]

歴史[編集]

イボタケ目は1968年にE.J.H. Cornerによって言及されていたが[1]、1976年にドイツの菌類学者Franz Oberwinklerがイボタケ科とマツバハリタケ科を含めて正式かつ有効に発表するまで、正式な分類群として扱われていなかった。

もともとはこの目に属する分類群は、担子器果(子実体の形態的多様性に富むと想定されていたが、一般的にいくつかの特徴、特に担子胞子での形の類似性とテレフォール酸誘導体の存在に起因する子実体の色調の類似性(一般に褐色系の色調を示す)を共有しており、胞子(無色あるいは褐色)の表面にとげやいぼを備え、また、水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ性物質によって、子実体が青色ないし暗緑色に変色する呈色反応がしばしば認められる[2]

現代での扱い[編集]

DNAの塩基配列の差異に基づく分子系統学的研究でも、この目はハラタケ目とまったく別のグループを構成しており、むしろ、俗に猿の腰掛の名で称される分類群に近縁であるとされる。[3][4][5]

生態と分布[編集]

すべてのものが生きた樹木の細根との間で外生菌根を形成し、一種の共生関係を構築する[3]。また、イボタケ目は汎存種であり、2008年現在では18属250種類を含んでいる[6]

利用[編集]

シシタケ(Sarcodon imbricatus)は食用になり、国によっては市場流通用に採取されるほか、中国では乾燥品として輸出するために商業的に採取されている[7]カラスタケPolyozellus multiplex)も食用とされ、北アメリカは市販用に採取されている[8]。いくつかの種は現代の手芸染めで羊毛染色用の染料として用いられ、北アメリカではニオイハリタケモドキHydnellum caeruleum[9]、スカンジナビアではケロウジSarcodon squamosus[10]、スコットランドではモミジタケ(Thelephora palmata[11]などが、この用途にしばしば使用されている。


参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ Corner EJH. (1968). “A monograph of Thelephora”. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 27: 1–110.
  2. ^ Stalpers JA. (1993). “The Aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales”. Studies in Mycology 35: 1–168. http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/publications/1035/content/txt_035.htm
  3. ^ a b Hibbett DS. (2006). “A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina”. Mycologia 98: 917–925. http://www1.univap.br/drauzio/index_arquivos/Myco09.pdf
  4. ^ Hibbett DS, et al. (2007). “A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi”. Mycological Research 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. PMID 17572334.
  5. ^ Matheny PB, et al. (2007). “Contributions of rpb2 and tef1 to the phylogeny of mushrooms and allies (Basidiomycota, Fungi)”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43: 430–451.
  6. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-85199-826-7.
  7. ^ http://jxwildmushrooms.en.alibaba.com/productgrouplist-200623273/Dry_mushrooms.html
  8. ^ Berch SM, Cocksedge W (2003). Commercially important wild mushrooms and fungi of British Columbia: what the buyers are buying. Technical Report 006. Victoria, British Columbia: British Columbia Ministry of Forests Science Program. pp. 1, 5. ISBN 0-7726-4932-4. http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=49&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.for.gov.bc.ca%2Fhfd%2Fpubs%2FDocs%2FTr%2FTr006.pdf&ei=BsWRSuq_OpD0Ne6uxZIK&rct=j&q=Polyozellus+multiplex&usg=AFQjCNEAGS0NIR6Pad9Ntj3X-s7uGTco5g.
  9. ^ Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for August 2003 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/aug2003.html
  10. ^ Johannesson H, Ryman S, Lundmark H, Danell E. (1999). “Sarcodon imbricatus and S. squamosus — two confused species”. Mycological Research 103: 1447–1452. doi:10.1017/S0953756299008709. http://www-mykopat.slu.se/Newwebsite/mycorrhiza/kantarellfiler/texter/sarcodon.pdf
  11. ^ http://193.62.154.38/celtica/fungi/dyesb.htm#palmata


執筆の途中です この項目は、菌類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますP:生き物と自然PJ生物)。
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wikipedia 日本語

イボタケ目: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

イボタケ目(学名:Thelephorales)は担子菌門真正担子菌綱菌類の一群である。一般に強靭な肉質あるいは革質~コルク質で、形態的には膏薬状をなして枯れ木などにべったりと広がってかさや柄を形成しないものから、樹枝状ないしサンゴ状に分岐するもの、分岐する柄の先端にへら状のかさを形成してハボタン状をなすもの、あるいは明らかなかさと柄とに分化するものまでが含まれ、胞子を形成する子実層托は多くの分類群において細い針状突起の形態をとることから、一般に Tooth fungus の名があるが、しわひだ状を呈するものや管孔状をなすものも僅かに含まれている。


license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
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wikipedia 日本語