Chitridiomycetes

Description: English: Monoblepharis polymorpha growing on a sesame seed in water collected from a vernal pool near Godfrey Drive, Orono, Maine. Shown are the spiny, brownish resting spores sitting on top the empty oogonia. On the sides of the oogonia are empty antheridia. Date: 13 April 2016. Source: Own work. Author: TelosCricket.

Description: English: Research project. Date: 19 April 2019, 11:47:40. Source: Own work. Author: Jayblock93. Camera location41° 58′ 55.32″ N, 87° 43′ 07.72″ W View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 41.982033; -87.718811.

Description: Français : Synchytridium endobioticum. L'apparence des tumeurs varie de minuscules protubérances à de grosses excroissances ramifiées et complexes English: Synchytridium endobioticum. The warts vary from very small protuberances to large intricately branched systems. Source: USDA-APHIS-PPQ Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments. Author: USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Reproduction à des fins non commerciales L'information est diffusée sur ce site afin d'être facilement disponible pour utilisation personnelle ou publique à des fins non commerciales. Elle peut être reproduite, en tout ou en partie et par quelque moyen que ce soit, sans frais ou sans autre permission de l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments. Nous demandons seulement : * que l’utilisateur fasse preuve de diligence raisonnable pour assurer l'exactitude des documents reproduits; * que l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments soit identifiée comme étant le ministère source; * et que la reproduction ne soit présentée ni comme étant une version officielle des documents copiés, ni comme une copie reproduite en collaboration avec l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments ou avec son consentement. Licensing[edit] Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse. : This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of that person’s official duties under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code. Note: This only applies to original works of the Federal Government and not to the work of any individual U.S. state, territory, commonwealth, county, municipality, or any other subdivision. This template also does not apply to postage stamp designs published by the United States Postal Service since 1978. (See § 313.6(C)(1) of Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices). It also does not apply to certain US coins; see The US Mint Terms of Use. :. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights.. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse

Description: English: Cladochytrium replicatum growing on onion epidermis added to water collected from a temporary forest pond in the Oakmulgee District of the Talladega National Forest, Hale County, Alabama, USA. Pictured is a developing orange zoosporangium and a septate tubinate cell. Date: 1 May 2012. Source: Own work. Author: TelosCricket.

Description: English: Zoosporangia of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain 98-1810/3 visible as transparent spherical bodies growing in lake water on (a) freshwater arthropod and (b) algae. Date: August 2003. Source: Johnson ML, Speare R. Survival of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in water: quarantine and disease control implications. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 Aug [date cited]. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no8/03-0145.htm. Author: Johnson/Speare (publication does not specify). Permission(Reusing this file): Public Domain rationale.

Description: English: A chytrid-infected frog (see en:Chytridiomycosis). Date: Published January 2008. Source: From Riders of a Modern-Day Ark. Gewin V. PLoS Biology Vol. 6, No. 1, e24 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060024. Author: Photo credit: Forrest Brem. Permission (Reusing this file): : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic license.:. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5 CC BY 2.5 Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 truetrue. This file was published in a Public Library of Science journal. Their website states that the content of all PLOS journals is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (or its previous version depending on the publication date), unless indicated otherwise..

Photographer: Pascale van Rooij. Description: English: Clinical signs and pathology associated with infection due to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.a) A naturally infected fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) found during a B. salamandrivorans-outbreak (Robertville, Belgium) showing several ulcers (white arrows) and excessive skin shedding;b) extensive ulceration (white arrows) at the ventral side of an infected fire salamander;c) skin section through an ulcer evidences abundant intracellular colonial thalli in all epidermal skin layers; immunohistochemical stain with polyclonal antibodies to B. dendrobatidis; scale bar 10 μm;d) magnification of the intracellular colonial thalli from micrograph c; immunohistochemical stain; scale bar 10 μm.Deutsch: Klinisches Bild und Pathologie einer Infektion mit Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.a) Feuersalamander (Salamandra salamandra), bei einem Ausbruch in Robertville, Belgien, mit mehreren Geschwüren (weiße Pfeile) und ausgeprägten Hautläsionen;b) ausgedehnte Geschwüre (weiße Pfeile) auf der Bauchseite eines infizierten Feuersalamanders;c) der Hautquerschnitt durch ein Geschwür zeigt zahlreiche kolonienbildende Thalli in allen Hautschichten; immunohistochemische Färbung mit polyklonalen Antikörpern für Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Maßstab 10 μm;d) Vergrößerung der intrazellulären Thalli aus Bild c), Maßstab 10 μm. Date: 25 November 2015. Source: Pascale van Rooij et al.: Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions. In: Veterinary Research 2015; vol. 46, nr. 137, doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0. Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 truetrue.

Photographer: Pascale van Rooij. Description: English: Morphology of Batrachochytrium species in culture.a) Culture of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on tryptone/gelatin-hydrolysate/lactose (TGhL)-broth, showing abundant mature zoosporangia (black arrow) containing zoospores and empty, discharged sporangia (white arrow);b) In culture (TGhL-broth) Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is characterized by predominant monocentric thalli (black arrow), few colonial thalli (white arrow) and zoospore cysts with germ tubes (asterisk); scale bars 100 μm.Deutsch: Morphologie der Arten von Batrachochytrium in vitro.a) Kultur von Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, mit zahlreichen reifen Sporangien (schwarzer Pfeil) die Zoosporen enthalten, und leereSporangia (weißer Pfeil);b) In vitro zeichnet sich Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans durch vorwiegend monozentrische Thalli (schwarzer Pfeil) aus, er hat wenige kolonienbildende Thalli (weißer Pfeil) und eingekapselte Zoosporen mit Keimschläuchen (Sterne); Maßstab 100 μm. Date: 25 November 2015. Source: Pascale van Rooij et al.: Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions. In: Veterinary Research 2015; vol. 46, nr. 137, doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0. Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 truetrue.

Description: Deutsch: BSAL Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Hinweisschild im Naturschutzgebiet Hardenstein. Date: 3 April 2021, 13:44:32. Source: Own work. Author: Qwertzu111111. Camera location51° 25′ 03.58″ N, 7° 18′ 08.24″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 51.417662; 7.302289.

Description: English: Scientists sample a rough-skinned newt for the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, or Bsal, at a pond near Portland, Oregon. Bsal is decimating wild salamander populations in Europe and could emerge in the U.S. through the captive amphibian trade. Date: 2016. Source: United States Geological Survey. Author: Brome McCreary, USGS. Public domain.

Description: English: Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) covered with Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ulcerations, which are visible as black spots (photo credit = F. Pasmans). Date: 10 December 2015. Source: doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005251. Author: F. Pasmans. Other versions: : This file has been extracted from another file: Fire salamander covered with Bsal ulcerations.PNG : .

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Hinweisschild vom Naturpark Sauerland-Rothaargebirge auf Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Salamanderpest) am Wanderparkplatz Im Schwinkel im Landschaftsschutzgebiet Medebacher Süden: Talräume und Hangflächen um Berge und Dreislar. Source: Own work. Author: Falkmart.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Hinweisschild vom Naturpark Sauerland-Rothaargebirge am Wanderparkplatz Im Schwinkel im Landschaftsschutzgebiet Medebacher Süden: Talräume und Hangflächen um Berge und Dreislar; mit Zusatzschild auf Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Salamanderpest). QuelleEigenes Werk. Source: Own work. Author: Falkmart.

Description: English: Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) covered with Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ulcerations, which are visible as black spots (photo credit = F. Pasmans). Date: 10 December 2015. Source: doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005251. Author: F. Pasmans, derivative work Lämpel. Other versions: Original. : This is a retouched picture, which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version. Modifications: Deutsch: Tiefen angehoben, Schlagschatten maskiert, Sättigung, Farbe und Kontrast optimiert. The original can be viewed here: Fire salamander covered with Bsal ulcerations.PNG: . Modifications made by Lämpel.

Photographer: Pascale van Rooij. Description: English: Lifecycle of Batrachochytrium species in culture. In culture Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis continues the life cycle stages A–E, while in Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans additional life cycle stages B1-B2 are observed: (A) flagellated motile zoospores; (B) encysted zoospore; (B1) germling with germtube; (B2) transfer of the cell contents into a newly formed thallus; (C) zoospore cyst with rhizoids; (D) immature sporangium; (E) mature monocentric zoosporangium with discharge tube (at the right), colonial thallus containing several sporangia, each with their own discharge tube (at the left).Deutsch: Lebenszyklus der Arten von Batrachochytrium in vitro. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis durchläuft nur die Entwicklungsstadien A–E, während bei Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans zusätzlich die Stadien B1-B2 vorkommen: (A) begeißelte bewegliche Zoospore; (B) eingekapselte Zoospore; (B1) Zoospore in der Entwicklung; (B2) Übertragung des Zelleninhalts in einen neuen Thallus; (C) Zoospore mit Rhizoid; (D) unreifes Sporangium; (E) reifes monozentrisches Sporangium entlässt Zoosporen durch einen einzigen Schlauch (rechts), kolonienbildender Thallus mit mehreren Sporangien, jedes mit eigenem Schlauch (links). Date: 25 November 2015. Source: Pascale van Rooij et al.: Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions. In: Veterinary Research 2015; vol. 46, nr. 137, doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0. Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 truetrue.

Description: English: A member of Rhizophydiales (strain WJD126) growing on nutrient agar. Note the discharge papillae near the 12 o'clock position. Date: 19 June 2013. Source: Own work. Author: TelosCricket.

Description: English: Chytridiomycota (chytridiomycetes). Chytrids have a multinucleate "thallus", which is unicellular or consists of a system of hyphae. Nederlands: Chytridiomycota (schijnschimmels). Schijnschimmels hebben een veelkernige ‘thallus’, dat eencellig is of uit een systeem van hyfen bestaat. Dit thallus kan of in zijn geheel overgaan in een sporendoosje, of op bepaalde plaatsen sporangia vormen. De celwand is verstevigd met chitine (in de hyfen). Schijnschimmels leven parasitair of saprotoof op levend, respectievelijk dood organisch materiaal. (bijv. insecten, planten, wieren, schimmels). De meesten leven in vochtige grond of zoet water, slechts enkelen leven in zee of onder zuurstofloze omstandigheden in de maag van herkauwers. De Chytridiomycota komt wereldwijd voor en telt ruim 900 soorten. Waarschijnlijk zijn ongeveer 550 miljoen jaar geleden uit de schijnschimmels de drie andere hoofdafdelingen binnen het schimmelrijk ontstaan. De voortplanting gebeurt door het produceren van enkelvoudige gameten. Date: 20 March 2005 (original upload date). Source: Unknown sourceUnknown source. Author: Unknown authorUnknown author.

Description: English: Diagram of a “mycoloop.” Parasitic chytrids can transfer material from large inedible phytoplankton to zooplankton. Chytrids zoospores are excellent food for zooplankton in terms of size (2–5 μm in diameter), shape, nutritional quality (rich in PUFAs and cholesterols). Large colonies of host phytoplankton may also be fragmented by chytrid infections and become edible to zooplankton. On the other hand, infected host colonies may remain inedible to Daphnia, or even become less edible due to the aggregate formation of cells. Those aggregations may sink faster, and affect material cycling in lakes. Date: 3 April 2014, 15:19:28. Source: [1]. Author: Maiko Kagami, Takeshi Miki and Gaku Takimoto.

Description: Čeština: Významný endobiotický parazit pocházející z Říše Fungi, oddělení Chytridiomycota. Date: 15 June 2012. Source: Own work. Author: erik.porubsky.

Description: Spizellomycete March AD 2.0. Culture: Dr. David Midgley. 400x magnification. Date: 13 July 2006 (original upload date). Source: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Author: Author and original uploader was MidgleyDJ at en.wikipedia.