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Embecovirus

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Embecovirus is a subgenus of coronaviruses in the genus Betacoronavirus.[1] The viruses in this subgenus, unlike other coronaviruses, have a hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene.[2] The viruses in the subgenus were previously known as group 2a coronaviruses.[3][4]

Structure

The viruses of this subgenus, like other coronaviruses, have a lipid bilayer envelope in which the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored.[5] Unlike other coronaviruses, viruses in this subgenus also have an additional shorter spike-like structural protein called hemagglutinin esterase (HE).[2][6]

Recombination

Genetic recombination can occur when two or more viral genomes are present in the same host cell. The dromedary camel beta-coronavirus (Beta-CoV HKU23) exhibits genetic diversity in the African camel population.[7] Contributing to this diversity are several recombination events that had taken place in the past between closely related Beta-CoVs of the subgenus Embecovirus.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  2. ^ a b Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi:10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1).
  3. ^ Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Wang, Ming; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Xu, Huifang; Poon, Rosana W. S.; Guo, Rongtong; Wong, Beatrice H. L.; Gao, Kai; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Huang, Yi; Li, Kenneth S. M. (February 2007). "Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features". Journal of Virology. 81 (4): 1574–1585. doi:10.1128/JVI.02182-06. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 1797546. PMID 17121802. See figure 2.
  4. ^ Wong, Antonio C. P.; Li, Xin; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Woo, Patrick C. Y. (2019-02-20). "Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses". Viruses. 11 (2): 174. doi:10.3390/v11020174. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 6409556. PMID 30791586. CoVs are classified into four genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Within Betacoronavirus, they can be further subclassified into lineages A, B, C and D [1]. In 2018, these four lineages were reclassified as subgenera of Betacoronavirus, and renamed as Embecovirus (previous lineage A), Sarbecovirus (previous lineage B), Merbecovirus (previous lineage C) and Nobecovirus (previous lineage D) [2]. In addition, a fifth subgenus, Hibecovirus, was also included (Figure 1) [2].
  5. ^ Lai, Michael M. C.; Cavanagh, David (1997-01-01), Maramorosch, Karl; Murphy, Frederick A.; Shatkin, Aaron J. (eds.), "The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses; III. Structure of Virions; A. Virion Morphology", Advances in Virus Research, Academic Press, 48: 5–6, doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60286-9, PMC 7130985, PMID 9233431
  6. ^ Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi:10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708. The presence of HE genes exclusively in members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, but not members of Betacoronavirus subgroup B, C and D suggested that the recombination had probably occurred in the ancestor of members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, after diverging from the ancestor of other subgroups of Betacoronavirus.
  7. ^ a b Diversity of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus HKU23 in African Camels Revealed Multiple Recombination Events among Closely Related Betacoronaviruses of the Subgenus Embecovirus. So RTY, et al. J Virol. 2019. PMID 31534035
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Embecovirus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Embecovirus is a subgenus of coronaviruses in the genus Betacoronavirus. The viruses in this subgenus, unlike other coronaviruses, have a hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene. The viruses in the subgenus were previously known as group 2a coronaviruses.

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Embecovirus ( French )

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Embecovirus est un sous-genre de coronavirus du genre Betacoronavirus[1]. Les virus de ce sous-genre, contrairement aux autres coronavirus, ont un gène d'hémagglutinine estérase (HE)[2]. Les virus du sous-genre étaient auparavant connus sous le nom de coronavirus du groupe 2a[3],[4].

La taxonomie ICTV de 2019 dénombre cinq espèces dans ce sous-genre. Ces coronavirus infectent rongeurs, bovins et humains.

Structure

Les virus de ce sous-genre, comme les autres coronavirus, ont une enveloppe lipidique bicouche dans laquelle sont ancrées les protéines structurales de la membrane (M), de l'enveloppe (E) et spiculaires (S)[5]. Contrairement à d'autres coronavirus, les virus de ce sous-genre ont également une protéine structurale en forme de pic plus courte supplémentaire appelée hémagglutinine estérase (HE)[2],[6].

Recombinaison

La recombinaison génétique peut se produire lorsque deux génomes viraux ou plus sont présents dans la même cellule hôte. Le bétacoronavirus (Beta-CoV HKU23) présente une diversité génétique dans la population de dromadaires[7]. Plusieurs évènements de recombinaison se sont en effet produit dans le passé entre des bêta-CoV étroitement apparentés du sous-genre Embecovirus, contribuant à cette diversité[7].

Position phylogénétique

β-CoV[8]
Embecovirus

Coronavirus humain HKU1 (HCoV HKU1)



Coronavirus murin (MCoV ou MHV)





MrufCoV 2JL14




Betacoronavirus 1 (BCoV, HCoV OC43, etc.)



ChRCoV HKU24






Merbecovirus

EriCoV 1[9]




MERSr-CoV




Ty-BatCoV HKU4



Pi-BatCoV HKU5






Nobecovirus

Ei-BatCoV C704




RO-BatCoV GCCDC1



RO-BatCoV HKU9





Hibecovirus

Hp-betaCoV Zhejiang2013


Sarbecovirus

SARSr-CoV JL2012 (chauve-souris)[10]




(…)





SARSr-CoV WIV1 (Rhinolophus sinicus)



SARSr-CoV RsSHC014 (Rhinolophus sinicus)





Civet-SARSr-CoV (civette)



SARS-CoV-1 (humain ; SRAS)








Rc-o319 (Rhinolophus cornutus, Japon)[11]




(…)




Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GX[12]




Pangolin SARSr-CoV-GD[13]





RshSTT182 (Rhinolophus shameli, Cambodge)[14]



RshSTT200 (Rhinolophus shameli, Cambodge)[14]





RacCS203 (Rhinolophus acuminatus, Thaïlande)[15]



RmYN02 (Rhinolophus malayanus, Mengla, Yunnan)[16]





RaTG13 (Rhinolophus affinis, Mojiang, Yunnan)[17]



SARS-CoV-2 (humain ; CoViD-19)














Notes et références

  1. a et b (en) « Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release », ICTV, juillet 2018 (consulté le 26 janvier 2020).
  2. a et b Patrick C. Y. Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K. P. Lau et Kwok-Yung Yuen, « Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis », Viruses, vol. 2, no 8,‎ 24 août 2010, p. 1804–1820 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI ) :

    « In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1). »

  3. Patrick C. Y. Woo, Ming Wang, Susanna K. P. Lau, Huifang Xu, Rosana W. S. Poon, Rongtong Guo, Beatrice H. L. Wong, Kai Gao, Hoi-wah Tsoi, Yi Huang et Kenneth S. M. Li, « Comparative Analysis of Twelve Genomes of Three Novel Group 2c and Group 2d Coronaviruses Reveals Unique Group and Subgroup Features », Journal of Virology, vol. 81, no 4,‎ février 2007, p. 1574–1585 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI ) :

    « See figure 2. »

  4. Antonio C. P. Wong, Xin Li, Susanna K. P. Lau et Patrick C. Y. Woo, « Global Epidemiology of Bat Coronaviruses », Viruses, vol. 11, no 2,‎ 20 février 2019, p. 174 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI ) :

    « CoVs are classified into four genera, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Within Betacoronavirus, they can be further subclassified into lineages A, B, C and D [1]. In 2018, these four lineages were reclassified as subgenera of Betacoronavirus, and renamed as Embecovirus (previous lineage A), Sarbecovirus (previous lineage B), Merbecovirus (previous lineage C) and Nobecovirus (previous lineage D) [2]. In addition, a fifth subgenus, Hibecovirus, was also included (Figure 1) [2]. »

  5. (en) Michael M. C. Lai et David Cavanagh, The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses; III. Structure of Virions; A. Virion Morphology, vol. 48, Academic Press, 1er janvier 1997, 5–6 p. (lire en ligne)
  6. Patrick C. Y. Woo, Yi Huang, Susanna K. P. Lau et Kwok-Yung Yuen, « Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis », Viruses, vol. 2, no 8,‎ 24 août 2010, p. 1804–1820 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI ) :

    « The presence of HE genes exclusively in members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, but not members of Betacoronavirus subgroup B, C and D suggested that the recombination had probably occurred in the ancestor of members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, after diverging from the ancestor of other subgroups of Betacoronavirus. »

  7. a et b Diversity of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus HKU23 in African Camels Revealed Multiple Recombination Events among Closely Related Betacoronaviruses of the Subgenus Embecovirus. So RTY, et al. J Virol. 2019. PMID 31534035
  8. Shin Murakami, Tomoya Kitamura, Jin Suzuki, Ryouta Sato, Toshiki Aoi, Marina Fujii, Hiromichi Matsugo, Haruhiko Kamiki, Hiroho Ishida, Akiko Takenaka-Uema, Masayuki Shimojima et Taisuke Horimoto, « Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan », Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 26, no 12,‎ décembre 2020, p. 3025–3029 (DOI )
  9. Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Na Jia, Ya-Wei Zhang, Marcus Ho-Hin Shum, Jia-Fu Jiang, Hua-Chen Zhu, Yi-Gang Tong, Yong-Xia Shi, Xue-Bing Ni, Yun-Shi Liao, Wen-Juan Li, Bao-Gui Jiang, Wei Wei, Ting-Ting Yuan, Kui Zheng, Xiao-Ming Cui, Jie Li, Guang-Qian Pei, Xin Qiang, William Yiu-Man Cheung, Lian-Feng Li, Fang-Fang Sun, Si Qin, Ji-Cheng Huang, Gabriel M. Leung, Edward C. Holmes, Yan-Ling Hu, Yi Guan et Wu-Chun Cao, « Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins », Nature, vol. 583, no 7815,‎ 9 juillet 2020, p. 282–285 (DOI )
  10. Ping Liu, Jing-Zhe Jiang, Xiu-Feng Wan, Yan Hua, Linmiao Li, Jiabin Zhou, Xiaohu Wang, Fanghui Hou, Jing Chen, Jiejian Zou et Jinping Chen, « Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)? », PLOS Pathogens, vol. 16, no 5,‎ 14 mai 2020, e1008421 (DOI )
  11. a et b (en) Vibol Hul, Deborah Delaune, Erik A. Karlsson, Alexandre Hassanin, Putita Ou Tey, Artem Baidaliuk, Fabiana Gámbaro, Vuong Tan Tu, Lucy Keatts, Jonna Mazet, Christine Johnson, Philippe Buchy, Philippe Dussart, Tracey Goldstein, Etienne Simon-Lorière et Veasna Duong, « A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia », sur bioRxiv, 26 janvier 2021 (DOI ), p. 2021.01.26.428212
  12. S Wacharapluesadee, CW Tan, P Maneeorn, P Duengkae, F Zhu, Y Joyjinda, T Kaewpom, WN Chia, W Ampoot, BL Lim, K Worachotsueptrakun, VC Chen, N Sirichan, C Ruchisrisarod, A Rodpan, K Noradechanon, T Phaichana, N Jantarat, B Thongnumchaima, C Tu, G Crameri, MM Stokes, T Hemachudha et LF Wang, « Evidence for SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses circulating in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia. », Nature Communications, vol. 12, no 1,‎ 9 février 2021, p. 972 (PMID , PMCID , DOI )
  13. H Zhou, X Chen, T Hu, J Li, H Song, Y Liu, P Wang, D Liu, J Yang, EC Holmes, AC Hughes, Y Bi et W Shi, « A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein. », Current biology : CB, vol. 30, no 11,‎ 8 juin 2020, p. 2196-2203.e3 (PMID , DOI )
  14. « Addendum: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin », Nature, vol. 588, no 7836,‎ décembre 2020, E6 (PMID , DOI , lire en ligne)
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Embecovirus: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Embecovirus est un sous-genre de coronavirus du genre Betacoronavirus. Les virus de ce sous-genre, contrairement aux autres coronavirus, ont un gène d'hémagglutinine estérase (HE). Les virus du sous-genre étaient auparavant connus sous le nom de coronavirus du groupe 2a,.

La taxonomie ICTV de 2019 dénombre cinq espèces dans ce sous-genre. Ces coronavirus infectent rongeurs, bovins et humains.

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