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Fourstamen Chickweed

Cerastium diffusum Pers.

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This species was abundant on the sandy shore at Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, California, in 1985 and should be looked for elsewhere. The entirely herbaceous bracts, short capsule, and the floral parts usually in fours identify this small weedy species.

Previous reports of this species (as Cerastium tetrandrum) by J. A. Steyermark (1963) from Missouri and M. L. Fernald (1950) from Virginia are referable to C. pumilum and C. brachypetalum, respectively.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants annual, with slender taproot. Stems decumbent or ascending, diffusely branched, 7.5-30 cm, densely covered and viscid with short, glandular hairs; small axillary tufts of leaves ab-sent. Leaves not marcescent, ses-sile distally, spatulate to pseudopetiolate proximally; blade 5-10 × 2-4 mm, covered with short, glandular and eglandular hairs; proximal blades oblanceolate, apex obtuse; cauline blades ovate or oblong-ovate, apex acute. Inflorescences lax, 3-30-flowered cymes; bracts lanceolate to ovate, herbaceous, glandular-pubescent. Pedicels straight, ultimately erect in fruit, slender, 2-15 mm, much longer than capsule, glandular. Flowers 4(-5)-merous; sepals lanceolate, 4-7 mm, margins narrow distally, apex acute or acuminate, glandular-pubescent, hairs usually not projecting beyond apex; petals ca. 3 mm, ca. 0.75 times as long as sepals, apex 2-fid; stamens 4(-5); styles 4(-5). Capsules narrowly cylindric, nearly straight, 5-7.5 mm, 1-1.5 times as long as sepals; teeth 8 or 10, erect, margins convolute. Seeds reddish brown, 0.5-0.7 mm, bluntly tuberculate; testa not inflated. 2n = 72.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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introduced; Calif., Ill.; Europe.
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Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering spring.
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Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Sandy places on coast, rarely inland in similar places and on railway ballast; 0-300m.
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Flora of North America Vol. 5 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Cerastium atrovirens Babington; C. tetrandrum Curtis
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Viermänniges Hornkraut ( German )

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Das Viermännige Hornkraut (Cerastium diffusum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Hornkräuter (Cerastium) innerhalb der Familie der Nelkengewächse (Caryophyllaceae).

Beschreibung

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Illustration
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Viermänniges Hornkraut (Cerastium diffusum)

Das Viermännige Hornkraut ist eine sommergrüne, einjährige krautige Pflanze, die Wuchshöhen von 4 bis 15 Zentimeter erreicht. Die oberirdischen Pflanzenteile sind frischgrün und stark drüsig behaart. Die gegenständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind bei einer Länge von meist 10 (5 bis 20) mm lanzettlich bis eiförmig.

Die Blütezeit reicht von März bis Juni. Die Tragblätter sind krautig und haben keinen Hautrand. Die zwittrigen Blüten sind meist vier-, selten drei- oder fünfzählig. Die Kelchblätter sind 4 bis 9 mm lang. Die zweispaltig Kronblätter sind etwas kürzer als die Kelchblätter. Es gibt meist vier, selten drei oder fünf Griffel.

Die Kapselfrucht ist länger als der Kelch und acht- bis zehnzähnig.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 36 oder 72.[1]

Vorkommen

Das Viermännige Hornkraut besiedelt an der Nordseeküste, vorwiegend zwischen Ems- und Wesermündung, Spülsäume, Primär- und Weißdünen, geht aber auch in die nährstoffarmen Graudünen. Das Viermännige Hornkraut braucht Sandböden, der kochsalzhaltig sein darf und der nur mäßig nährstoffreich wenngleich etwas humushaltig sein sollte. Es gedeiht in Mitteleuropa in Gesellschaften des Verbands Koelerion albescentis.[1]

Systematik

Es werden drei Unterarten genannt:

  • An der Nordseeküste kommt die Unterart Cerastium diffusum subsp. diffusum (Syn.: Cerastium atrovirens Bab.; Cerastium tetrandrum Curtis) vor, ihre Blüten haben meist vier Kelch- und vier Kronblätter, die Kelchblätter sind bei ihr meist kaum 7 mm lang.
  • Die Unterart Cerastium diffusum subsp. subtetrandrum (Lange) P.D. Sell & Whitehead findet man im östlichen Mitteleuropa sie erreicht in Österreich die Westgrenze ihres Ausbreitungsgebiets. Diese Unterart hat fünf Blütenhüllblätter und ihre Kelchblätter sind 7 bis 9 mm lang.
  • Die Unterart Cerastium diffusum subsp. gussonei (Tod. ex Lojac.) P.D.Sell & Whitehead: Ihre Blüten sind immer fünfzählig; sie kommt in Sizilien, Italien, Spanien und in Nordafrika vor.[2]

Literatur

  • Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen (Begr.), Siegmund Seybold: Die Flora von Deutschland und der angrenzenden Länder. Ein Buch zum Bestimmen aller wild wachsenden und häufig kultivierten Gefäßpflanzen. 95. vollst. überarb. u. erw. Auflage. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2.
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Bildatlas der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands (= Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Band 2). 2., korrigierte und erweiterte Auflage. Herausgegeben vom Bundesamt für Naturschutz. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2.
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Die Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas. 2. Auflage. Bände 1–5, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8. Auflage. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5. Seite XXX.
  2. Karol Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. Cerastium diffusum. In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
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Viermänniges Hornkraut: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Viermännige Hornkraut (Cerastium diffusum) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Hornkräuter (Cerastium) innerhalb der Familie der Nelkengewächse (Caryophyllaceae).

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Cerastium diffusum

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Cerastium diffusum, the fourstamen chickweed[1] or sea mouse-ear,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the pink and carnation family Caryophyllaceae. It is an annual herb, to 30 cm.high, occurring in western Europe and northern Africa. Found mainly in coastal areas of Algeria, the Baleares, Belgium, Corsica, Denmark, France, the Faroe Islands, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain and Sweden.[3] The flowers have 4, (or seldom 5) petals, 4 or 5 stamens appearing between March and May. The petals are much shorter than the sepals. The leaves are opposite, (sessile) without petioles and the sepals and bracts are all green, without pale margins. The fruit petioles are erect and diffuse at maturity.[4]: 490 [5]: 52 

There are 2 known Infraspecifics;[3]

  • Cerastium diffusum subsp. diffusum
  • Cerastium diffusum subsp. gussonei (Tod. ex Lojac.) P.D.Sell & Whitehead

It was first published in Synopsis plantarum 1 on page 520 in 1805.[3]

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Cerastium diffusum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  2. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  3. ^ a b c "Cerastium diffusum Pers. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  4. ^ Stace, C. A. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles (Fourth ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Floristics. ISBN 978-1-5272-2630-2.
  5. ^ Blamey, M.; Fitter, R.; Fitter, A (2003). Wild flowers of Britain and Ireland: The Complete Guide to the British and Irish Flora. London: A & C Black. ISBN 978-1408179505.
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Cerastium diffusum: Brief Summary

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Cerastium diffusum, the fourstamen chickweed or sea mouse-ear, is a species of flowering plant in the pink and carnation family Caryophyllaceae. It is an annual herb, to 30 cm.high, occurring in western Europe and northern Africa. Found mainly in coastal areas of Algeria, the Baleares, Belgium, Corsica, Denmark, France, the Faroe Islands, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain and Sweden. The flowers have 4, (or seldom 5) petals, 4 or 5 stamens appearing between March and May. The petals are much shorter than the sepals. The leaves are opposite, (sessile) without petioles and the sepals and bracts are all green, without pale margins. The fruit petioles are erect and diffuse at maturity.: 490 : 52 

There are 2 known Infraspecifics;

Cerastium diffusum subsp. diffusum Cerastium diffusum subsp. gussonei (Tod. ex Lojac.) P.D.Sell & Whitehead

It was first published in Synopsis plantarum 1 on page 520 in 1805.

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Céraiste diffus ( French )

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Cerastium diffusum

Le céraiste diffus ou céraiste à quatre étamines (Cerastium diffusum) est une plante herbacée de la famille des Caryophyllacées.

Synonyme
  • Cerastium tetrandrum Curtis

Description

C'est une plante très discrète (2 à 5 cm de haut), velue, dont les fleurs blanches comportent soit 4, soit 5 pétales bilobés.

Elle pousse dans les pelouses sur le littoral.

Caractéristiques

Organes reproducteurs
Graine
Habitat et répartition
  • Habitat type : tonsures annuelles basophiles, sabulicoles, mésohydriques, médioeuropéennes, centroeuropéennes, pré à subcontinentales
  • Aire de répartition : atlantique

Données d'après : Julve, Ph., 1998 ff. - Baseflor. Index botanique, écologique et chorologique de la flore de France. Version : 23 avril 2004.

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Céraiste diffus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Cerastium diffusum

Le céraiste diffus ou céraiste à quatre étamines (Cerastium diffusum) est une plante herbacée de la famille des Caryophyllacées.

Synonyme Cerastium tetrandrum Curtis
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Fitjafræhyrna ( Icelandic )

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Fitjafræhyrna (fræðiheiti: Cerastium diffusum[2]) er jurt af hjartagrasaætt.[3]

Tilvísanir

  1. "Cerastium diffusum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  2. Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (2014). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist“. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Sótt 26. maí 2014.
  3. „BSBI List 2007“. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Afrit af upprunalegu (xls) geymt þann 2015-01-25. Sótt 18. júní 2016.
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Fitjafræhyrna: Brief Summary ( Icelandic )

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Fitjafræhyrna (fræðiheiti: Cerastium diffusum) er jurt af hjartagrasaætt.

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Scheve hoornbloem ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De scheve hoornbloem (Cerastium diffusum) is een plantensoort uit de Anjerfamilie (Caryophyllaceae). In Nederland is de verspreiding beperkt tot de kuststrook.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De scheve hoornbloem is een eenjarig plantje van 3-15 cm hoog, dat bloeit van maart tot juni.[1] De witte bloemen zijn deels vier- en deels vijftallig.[2] De kroonbladen zijn iets korter dan de kelkbladen. De tegenover elkaar staande takken van de bloeiwijze zijn ongelijk van lengte. De vruchtstelen zijn rechtopstaand. De stengel is kleverig, vaak met zand bedekt en paars aangelopen. De bladen zijn lancetvormig tot spatelvormig.[3]

Verspreiding (geografisch)

In Noordwest-Europa wordt Cerastium diffusum vooral langs de kust aangetroffen.[4]

Ook in Nederland komt de scheve hoornbloem vooral langs de kust voor.[5] Soms wordt ze in het binnenland aangetroffen, als adventief op recreatiestrandjes en spoorwegemplacementen. De soort is vrij zeldzaam in het kustgebied en zeldzaam in Zeeland.

Volgens de Nederlandse Rode Lijst is Cerastium diffusum “zeldzaam”. In België is de status op de Rode Lijst “zeldzaam (zeer zeldzaam)”.

In de Nederlandse Oecologische Flora is deze soort opgenomen onder de naam "Kleine hoornbloem".

De scheve hoornbloem komt (als geïntroduceerde soort) ook in Noord-Amerika voor.[6]

Groeiplaats

De scheve hoornbloem staat op open, zonnige, min of meer zure en stikstofarme, meestal droge, vaak stuivende, voedselarme en vaak kalkrijke zandgrond of op stenige plaatsen; ook op brakke grond. Ze groeit in en nabij de zeereep tussen helm, vooral bij zeedorpen, op duinhellingen en lage duintjes op strandvlakten, op zandplaten, zeedijken en op open grasland.

Voetnoten

  1. Scheve hoornbloem op wilde-planten.nl
  2. Aldus van der Meijden 2005, p. 289; volgens Mennema 1994, p. 195 zijn de bloemen viertallig, en zelden vijftallig
  3. Aldus van der Meijden 2005, p. 289; volgens Mennema 1994, p. 195 zijn de bladen langwerpig-lijnvormig.
  4. Zie bijvoorbeeld de kaart van de verspreiding op de Britse Eilanden, op de website van The Botanical Society of Britain & Ireland
  5. Zie de verspreidingskaart op de FLORON verspreidingsatlas
  6. verspreidingskaart Noord-Amerika

Bronnen

  • Deze informatie, of een eerdere versie hiervan, is deels overgenomen van de verspreidingsatlas van Floron voor Cerastium diffusum (geraadpleegd 2016-03-19), waarvan de teksten beschikbaar zijn onder de Creative Commons licentie CC-BY-SA 3.0, bewerkt door René van Moorsel, 2015.

Literatuur

Externe link

Wikimedia Commons Zie de categorie Cerastium diffusum van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.
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Scheve hoornbloem: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De scheve hoornbloem (Cerastium diffusum) is een plantensoort uit de Anjerfamilie (Caryophyllaceae). In Nederland is de verspreiding beperkt tot de kuststrook.

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Cerastium diffusum ( Portuguese )

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Cerastium diffusum é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Caryophyllaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Pers., tendo sido publicada em Synopsis Plantarum 1: 520. 1805.[1]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente os seguintes táxones infraespecíficos:[2]

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 29 de setembro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/6300318>
  2. Sequeira M, Espírito-Santo D, Aguiar C, Capelo J & Honrado J (Coord.) (2010). Checklist da Flora de Portugal (Continental, Açores e Madeira). Associação Lusitana de Fitossociologia (ALFA).

Bibliografia

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Cerastium diffusum: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Cerastium diffusum é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Caryophyllaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Pers., tendo sido publicada em Synopsis Plantarum 1: 520. 1805.

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Västkustarv ( Swedish )

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Västkustarv (Cerastium diffusum) är en växtart i familjen nejlikväxter.

Externa länkar

Rödklöver.png Denna växtartikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Västkustarv: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Västkustarv (Cerastium diffusum) är en växtart i familjen nejlikväxter.

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Cerastium diffusum ( Vietnamese )

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Cerastium diffusum là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Cẩm chướng. Loài này được Pers. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1805.[1]

Tham khảo

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cerastium diffusum. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Cerastium diffusum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cerastium diffusum là loài thực vật có hoa thuộc họ Cẩm chướng. Loài này được Pers. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1805.

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