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Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes 1832)

Indoplanorbis exustus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Indoplanorbis exustus is een slakkensoort uit de familie van de Planorbidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1834 door Deshayes.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Bouchet, P. (2013). Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834). Geraadpleegd via: World Register of Marine Species op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=716351
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09-03-2013
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印度扁卷螺 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Indoplanorbis exustus
(Deshayes, 1834)[6][7] Indoplanorbis exustus map.png

印度扁卷螺属(学名:Indoplanorbis)為一種會呼吸空氣的淡水螺的一個,屬於軟體動物門腹足綱有肺類扁蜷科的动物。本屬的唯一物種印度扁卷螺Indoplanorbis exustus)。本物種廣泛分佈於熱帶地區,包括印度缅甸斯里兰卡印度尼西亞泰国马来西亚以及中国大陆云南等地,主要生活于湖泊沿岸带、池塘以及沼泽地等淡水和微咸水域[7]。本物種是多種寄生吸虫的重要中間宿主[10]。其入侵性本質及環境的高容耐度使之成為醫學上及獸醫學上的重要研究課題[10]

分類

儘管本物種有着悠久的歷史和廣泛的地理分佈範圍,牠們一直都被認為是屬內唯一的物種[10];而過往亦有文獻建議本屬跟其他關係較密切的屬合併。然而,Liu et al. (2010)根據系統地理學研究[10],發現在系統發育方面,印度分支和東南亞分支之間有相當的分歧;加上棲息地和寄生蟲學的差異,表明這個物種實際可能由多於一個物種構成[10]

從系統發育的角度看,與本屬關係最密切的是Bulinus[11]

分佈

印度扁卷螺本身是一種淡水螺,在中亞伊朗[12]阿富汗[13]南亞印度尼泊爾[12]斯里蘭卡[14]均見其踪影。在東南亞,例如:泰國)[10],甚至遠至阿拉伯地區及非洲均見其踪影[10]

The type locality of Indoplanorbis exustus is marshes on the coast of Malabar in southwestern India.[8]

Indoplanorbis exustus is a common snail across Southeast Asia and the Indian sub-continent.[10] The snail is also found in the Middle East (Oman[15] and Socotra[8]) and Nigeria and the Ivory Coast;[10] these findings were attributed by Brandt (1974)[16] to recent introductions by human activities (Brandt's view has been frequently cited in the literature on Indoplanorbis).[8][10][15][17] In contrast to Asia, the well documented appearance of the snail in Africa (e.g., Nigeria[11] and Ivory Coast[18]) and more recently (2002) in the Lesser Antilles,[17] is almost certainly the result of introductions through human activities over the last 50–100 years.[10]

This species is already established in the USA, and is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.[19]

生物地理學

Meier-Brook (1984)[20] adopted an African (Gondwanan) origin for Indoplanorbis with rafting to Asia since the Cretaceous on the northward migrating Indian craton; this author also considered a Europe to Southwest Asia tract or an Africa to South India dispersal.[10] Morgan et al. (2002)[21] attributed the occurrence of Indoplanorbis in India to colonization (from Africa) via the Middle East land connection.[10] Clearly the two different dispersal mechanisms imply very different chronologies; the Gondwanan vicariance hypothesis implies that proto-Indoplanorbis has been present in India since the late Eocene (35 Ma; India: Asia collision), whereas dispersal via the Sinai-Levant suggests a Plio-Pleistocene arrival.[10] The results by Liu et al. (2010) indicated a radiation beginning in the late Miocene with a divergence of an ancestral bulinine lineage into Assam and peninsular India clades.[10] A Southeast Asian clade diverged from the peninsular India clade late-Pliocene; this clade then radiated at a much more rapid pace to colonize all of the sampled range of Indoplanorbis in the mid-Pleistocene.[10]

簡述

與其他同屬扁卷螺科的物種一樣,其外殼都是平旋壳,但其實是螺把殼上下顛倒來揹在身上,使左旋的外殼看起來像是右旋。本物種的外殼呈圓盤形,所以[螺層英语whorl (mollusc)大小的增長很快[8]。每個螺層的高比其闊增長得較快[8]:其闊約為 5[11]-25 mm[8],其高約為 4.5[11]-13 mm[8]

 src=
Five views of a shell.

Planorbella duryiBiomphalaria pfeifferi 的外殼非常相似[11]

基於本物種的廣泛地理分佈,Indoplanorbis exustus have been studied, such as its calcium regulation[22] and its hemocytes.[23]

Ecology

In captivity Indoplanorbis exustus can be reared on lettuce[24] and spinach.[25] Its diet is sometimes supplemented with sheep's liver[25] and it can be given rat food to prepare for breeding.[25]

Habitat

The snail is found in small ponds, pools, and less commonly in rice paddy fields.[10] The snail may also occur in semi-permanent pools formed in flooded areas of fields, where it can survive the dry season buried in mud.[10] The desiccation tolerance of adult snails is high, while the resistance of juvenile snails is very low.[26] Consequently, dispersal may occur in clumps of mud adhered to the bodies of cattle or across water in vegetation mats. It is possible it could be transported by birds.[10]

Life cycle

Indoplanorbis exustus is a hermaphroditic invasive snail species with high fecundity.[10] Within one year of introduction the snail is able to colonize habitats with well established populations of other pulmonate and prosobranch snails.[10] The snail requires a water temperature in excess of 15 °C for maturation.[10] At the optimum temperature of 30 °C each snail can lay up to 800 eggs.[10] There is from 2 to 43 eggs in one cluster with an average 20 eggs in one cluster.[27] The capacity for self-fertilization and high fecundity probably underlies the invasive potential of the species.[10] The average life span of Indoplanorbis exustus is 4 months[27] and during this time it lays about 60 egg clusters.[27]

捕食者

現時本物種並沒有已知的天敵,不過有文獻透過實驗去測試一些物種會否進食印度扁卷螺的卵。Raut & Aditya (2002)在實驗裡讓一種屬於南美洲福壽螺科Pomacea bridgesii去攻擊和進食印度扁卷螺的卵,以期望未來可以讓這種福壽螺來控制印度扁卷螺的數量[27]

寄生蟲

Indoplanorbis is of economic importance in that it is responsible for the transmission of several species of the genus Schistosoma which infect cattle and cause reduced livestock productivity.[10] The snail is also of medical importance as a source of cercarial dermatitis among rural workers, particularly in India.[10]

Indoplanorbis exustus is best known as the intermediate host responsible for the transmission of Schistosoma nasale and S. spindale, as well as other trematodes such as Echinostoma spp. and some spirorchids.[10] A third species of Schistosoma, S. indicum (Montgomery, 1906), is also transmitted by I. exustus.[10] Other snails have been implicated in transmission of these three Schistosoma species (such as Lymnaea luteola, a host for S. indicum and S. nasale, and L. acuminata, a host for S. nasale and S. spindale), I. exustus is the most important host for S. nasale and S. spindale, as well as for S. indicum in certain regions. I. exustus may be the sole natural intermediate host for these three Schistosoma species on the Indian sub-continent.[10]

Indoplanorbis exustus is also an intermediate host for:

Indoplanorbis exustus has been implicated in outbeaks of cercarial dermatitis in human populations in India, Laos, Malaysia and Thailand.[10] Cercarial dermatitis results from the cutaneous allergic reaction in people exposed to larval schistosomes (cercariae) shed by infected snails into freshwater bodies such as lakes, ponds, and paddy fields.[10] The cercariae cause pruritis and papular eruptions, with often severe secondary infections, as they attempt to infect a non-permissive definitive host and die in the skin.[10]

毒理學

一種在印度生長的大戟科植物紅雀珊瑚Pedilanthus tithymaloides)可用作植物性殺螺劑,有助對抗印度扁卷螺[29]

黄果茄的酒精提取物亦可對本物種(LC50 = 198.00 mg/L and LC90 = 236.80 mg/L)[30]

此外,另一種大戟科物種虎刺梅Euphorbia milii),其雜交物種株的乳汁對於本物種的活躍度有所抑制,也可作殺螺劑使用[31]。除了虎刺梅的雜交種,印度的科學家Singh & Sunil在2005年發表的文獻亦研究過黃花夾竹桃Cascabela thevetia)、黑板樹Alstonia scholaris)兩種夾竹桃科植物及另一種較常見的大戟科植物一品紅Euphorbia pulcherrima)的乳汁對印度扁卷螺的抑制效果[32]

参考文献

本條目包括部分來自以CC 2.0分享的參考文獻開源內容。

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Budha, P.B., et al. 2012. Indoplanorbis exustus. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Downloaded on 04 July 2013.
  2. ^ Jörger, K. M.; Stöger, I.; Kano, Y.; Fukuda, H.; Knebelsberger, T.; Schrödl, M. On the origin of Acochlidia and other enigmatic euthyneuran gastropods, with implications for the systematics of Heterobranchia. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2010, 10: 323. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-323 (英语).
  3. ^ Albrecht, C.; Kuhn, K.; Streit, B. A molecular phylogeny of Planorboidea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): insights from enhanced taxon sampling. Zoologica Scripta. 2007, 36: 27–39. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00258.x (英语).
  4. ^ Annandale, N. and B. Prashad. (1921). caption Aquatic Pulmonata: 565-592. Indoplanorbis is on pages 578-582. In: Annandale N., Prashad B. & Amin-ud-Din (1921). "The Aquatic and Amphibious Molluscs of Manipur". Records of the Indian Museum 22(4): 528-632.
  5. ^ Prashad, B. & N. Annandale. (1921). "Report on a collection of Sumatran Molluscs from Fresh and Brackish water". Records of the Indian Museum 22(4): 461-508. Indoplanorbis is on pages 472-473.
  6. ^ Deshayes G. P. (1834). in: Bélanger C. Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, Zool. 3: 417. plate 1, figures 11-13.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 印度扁卷螺. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2016-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05) (中文(简体)‎).複述匡溥人钱金会 (编). 中国经济动物志--淡水软体动物 医学贝类学. 1991 [2016-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05) (中文(简体)‎).的內容。
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance. London: Taylor & Francis. 207-208.
  9. ^ Preston, H. B. (1915). Mollusca. Freshwater Gastropoda & Pelecypoda. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, 244 pp., 29 figs. 115-116.
  10. ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 Liu, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Idris, M. A.; Lokman, H. S.; Rajapakse, P. V. J.; Satrija, F.; Diaz, J. L.; Upatham, E. S.; Attwood, S. W. The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia. Parasites & Vectors. 2010, 3: 57. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-57..
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Kristensen, T. K.; Ogunnowof, O. Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834), a freshwater snail new for Africa, found in Nigeria (Pulmonata: Planorbidae). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1987, 53 (2): 245. doi:10.1093/mollus/53.2.245., abstract.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Glöer, P. and V. Pešić. (2012). "The freshwater snails (Gastropoda) of Iran, with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species". ZooKeys 219: 11-61, doi:10.3897/zookeys.219.3406.
  13. ^ PD-icon.svg Solem A. (1979) "Some mollusks from Afghanistan". Fieldiana Zoology new series 1: 1-89. cited pages 11-12.
  14. ^ Brant, S. V.; Morgan, J. A. T.; Mkoji, G. M.; Snyder, S. D.; Rajapakse, R. P. V. J.; Loker, E. S. An Approach to Revealing Blood Fluke Life Cycles, Taxonomy, and Diversity: Provision of Key Reference Data Including Dna Sequence from Single Life Cycle Stages. Journal of Parasitology. 2006, 92 (1): 77–88. PMC 2519025. PMID 16629320. doi:10.1645/GE-3515.1.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Brown, D. S.; Gallagher, M. D. Freshwater snails of Oman, South Eastern Arabia. Hydrobiologia. 1985, 127 (2): 125. doi:10.1007/BF00004192.
  16. ^ Brandt, R. A. (1974). "The non-marine mollusca of Thailand". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 105: 1-423.
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 Pointier, J. P.; Pointier, J. P.; David, P.; Jarne, P. Biological invasions: The case of planorbid snails. Journal of Helminthology. 2005, 79 (3): 249–256. PMID 16153319. doi:10.1079/JOH2005292..
  18. ^ Mouchet F., Rey J. L. & Cunin P. (1987). "Découverte d'Indoplanorbis exustus (Planorbidae, Bulininae) à Yamossoukro, Côte d'Ivoire". Bull Soc Pathol Exot 80: 811-812.
  19. ^ Cowie, R. H.; Dillon, R. T.; Robinson, D. G.; Smith, J. W. Alien Non-Marine Snails and Slugs of Priority Quarantine Importance in the United States: A Preliminary Risk Assessment. American Malacological Bulletin. 2009, 27: 113. doi:10.4003/006.027.0210. PDF 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2016-06-16..
  20. ^ Meier-Brook C. (1984). "A preliminary biogeography of freshwater pulmonate gastropods". World-wide snails 1: 23-27.
  21. ^ Morgan, J.; Dejong, R. J.; Jung, Y.; Khallaayoune, K.; Kock, S.; Mkoji, G. M.; Loker, E. S. A phylogeny of planorbid snails, with implications for the evolution of Schistosoma parasites. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 25 (3): 477–488. PMID 12450752. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00280-4..
  22. ^ Vaidya, D. P.; Nagabhushanam, R. Calcium regulation in the freshwater snail indoplanorbis exustus during shell repair. Hydrobiologia. 1980, 69: 29. doi:10.1007/BF00016532.
  23. ^ Mahilini, H. M.; Rajendran, A. Categorization of hemocytes of three gastropod species Trachea vittata (Muller), Pila globosa (Swainson) and Indoplanorbis exustus (Dehays). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2008, 97 (1): 20–26. PMID 17765918. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2007.07.007..
  24. ^ Haas, W.; Granzer, M.; Brockelman, C. R. Finding and recognition of the bovine host by the cercariae of Schistosoma spindale. Parasitology research. 1990, 76 (4): 343–350. PMID 2336448. doi:10.1007/bf00928190.
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Parashar, B. D.; Kumar, A.; Rao, K. M. Role of Food in Mass Cultivation of the Freshwater Snail Indoplanorbis Exustus, Vector of Animal Schistosomiasis. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1986, 52 (2): 120. doi:10.1093/mollus/52.2.120., abstract.
  26. ^ Parashar, B. D.; Rao, K. M. Effect of desiccation on freshwater snail, Indoplanorbis exustus, intermediate host of schistosomiasis. Japanese journal of medical science & biology. 1982, 35 (5–6): 243–247. PMID 7161940.
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 引用错误:没有为名为Raut 2002的参考文献提供内容
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 Chai, J. Y.; Shin, E. H.; Lee, S. H.; Rim, H. J. Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia. The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2009, 47 (Supplement): S69–102. PMC 2769220. PMID 19885337. doi:10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S69.
  29. ^ Tiwari, S.; Singh, S. K.; Singh, A. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF Pedialanthus tithymaloide (sic) TO ITS MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines. 2005, 2 (3): 326–336 (英语).
  30. ^ Changbunjong, T.; Wongwit, W.; Leemingsawat, S.; Tongtokit, Y.; Deesin, V. Effect of crude extract of Solanum xanthocarpum against snails and mosquito larvae. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2010, 41 (2): 320–325. PMID 20578514 (英语).
  31. ^ Sermsart, B.; Sripochang, S.; Suvajeejarun, T.; Kiatfuengfoo, R. The molluscicidal activities of some Euphorbia milii hybrids against the snail Indoplanorbis exustus (PDF). The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2005,. 36 Suppl 4: 192–195. PMID 16438208. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-24) (英语).
  32. ^ Singh, A.; Singh, S. K. Molluscicidal evaluation of three common plants from India. Fitoterapia. 2005, 76 (7–8): 747–751. PMID 16253436. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2005.08.002.

外部連結

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:印度扁卷螺
  • Baker F. C. (1945). The molluscan family Planorbidae. The University of Illinois Press, Urbana. 196-201.
  • Raut S. K. (1986). "Disease transmitting snails. II. Population studies of Indoplanorbis exustus Deshayes." First year PRS Thesis in Science, University of Calcutta.
  • Raut, S. K.; Rahman, M. S.; Samanta, S. K. Influence of temperature on survival, growth and fecundity of the freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 1992, 87 (1): 15–19. PMID 1308545. doi:10.1590/s0074-02761992000100003.
  • Yapi, Y.; n'Goran, K. E.; Salia, D.; Cunin, P.; Bellec, C. Population dynamics of Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), an exotic freshwater snail recently discovered at Yamoussoukro (Ivory Coast). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 1994, 60: 83. doi:10.1093/mollus/60.1.83..
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维基百科作者和编辑

印度扁卷螺: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

印度扁卷螺属(学名:Indoplanorbis)為一種會呼吸空氣的淡水螺的一個,屬於軟體動物門腹足綱有肺類扁蜷科的动物。本屬的唯一物種為印度扁卷螺(Indoplanorbis exustus)。本物種廣泛分佈於熱帶地區,包括印度缅甸斯里兰卡印度尼西亞泰国马来西亚以及中国大陆云南等地,主要生活于湖泊沿岸带、池塘以及沼泽地等淡水和微咸水域。本物種是多種寄生吸虫的重要中間宿主。其入侵性本質及環境的高容耐度使之成為醫學上及獸醫學上的重要研究課題。

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维基百科作者和编辑

インドヒラマキガイ ( Japanese )

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インドヒラマキガイ Indoplanorbis exustus.jpg
インドヒラマキガイ
Indoplanorbis exustus
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 軟体動物門 Mollusca : 腹足綱 Gastropoda 亜綱 : 直腹足亜綱 Orthogastropoda 上目 : 異鰓上目 Heterobranchia : 有肺目 Pulmonata 亜目 : 基眼亜目 Basommatophora 上科 : ヒラマキガイ上科 Planorboidea : ヒラマキガイ科 Planorbidae 亜科 : インドヒラマキガイ亜科 Bulininae : Indoplanorbis
Annandale et Prashad, 1920 : インドヒラマキガイ I. exustus 学名 Indoplanorbis exustus
(Deshayes,1832) 英名 Red Ramshorn

インドヒラマキガイ(印度平巻貝)、学名 Indoplanorbis exustus は、インド東南アジアを原産とする有肺類巻貝の一種。

古くからレッドスネールの通称で呼ばれ、観賞魚の水槽にガラス面に付着して繁殖する藻類(いわゆるコケ)を除去する目的でタンクメイトとして導入され、その目的で販売されることもあった(特に、アルビノ個体が「レッドラムズホーン」として現在でも売られている)。しかし、インドヒラマキガイやサカマキガイのように有肺類の巻貝でアクアリウムの環境に適応しやすい種類は、水槽内で容易に繁殖して急激に個体数を増し、水草すらも食い荒らすことがあるためにあまり好まれないようになっていった。今日では水槽内で繁殖させることが困難で水草を食べる性質を持たないアマオブネガイ科のイシマキガイなどが、好んでこの目的で用いられている。繁殖が容易なことからヘイケボタルを飼育繁殖させる際の幼虫の餌として用いられることもある。

以上の経緯から、水槽内で繁殖した個体を川に流したり、インドヒラマキガイのついた水草を川に捨てたりしたことにより、日本各地の河川でも野生化して定着し、いわゆる外来種として問題になっている。

参考文献[編集]

  • 波部忠重・小菅貞男『エコロン自然シリーズ 貝』1978年刊・1996年改訂版 保育社 ISBN 9784586321063
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
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wikipedia 日本語

インドヒラマキガイ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

インドヒラマキガイ(印度平巻貝)、学名 Indoplanorbis exustus は、インド東南アジアを原産とする有肺類巻貝の一種。

古くからレッドスネールの通称で呼ばれ、観賞魚の水槽にガラス面に付着して繁殖する藻類(いわゆるコケ)を除去する目的でタンクメイトとして導入され、その目的で販売されることもあった(特に、アルビノ個体が「レッドラムズホーン」として現在でも売られている)。しかし、インドヒラマキガイやサカマキガイのように有肺類の巻貝でアクアリウムの環境に適応しやすい種類は、水槽内で容易に繁殖して急激に個体数を増し、水草すらも食い荒らすことがあるためにあまり好まれないようになっていった。今日では水槽内で繁殖させることが困難で水草を食べる性質を持たないアマオブネガイ科のイシマキガイなどが、好んでこの目的で用いられている。繁殖が容易なことからヘイケボタルを飼育繁殖させる際の幼虫の餌として用いられることもある。

以上の経緯から、水槽内で繁殖した個体を川に流したり、インドヒラマキガイのついた水草を川に捨てたりしたことにより、日本各地の河川でも野生化して定着し、いわゆる外来種として問題になっている。

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