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2007 California Academy of Sciences
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2014 California Academy of Sciences
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2014 California Academy of Sciences
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Holdfast
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2006 California Academy of Sciences
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Photographed in shallow water.
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2010 California Academy of Sciences
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2010 California Academy of Sciences
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2006 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
This calcareous brown alga was growing on a sunken shipwrect in the lagoon.
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2005 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
This subtidal view shows the alga's terminal blade located at the end of a long stipe. The alga can form an understory canopy beneath that of giant kelp.
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2005 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2006 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2007 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2015 California Academy of Sciences
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2007 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2007 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2014 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2005 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
This alga has a high concentration of sulphuric acid and malic acid; the acids may deter grazers. Also, they discolor the pigments in other algae if they are placed in the same container.. Photographed at 12 m depth.
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2005 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
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2006 California Academy of Sciences
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Slo.: brazdasta grivaa - syn.: Clavaria rugosa Bull. ex Fr. - Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; SE oriented, moderately inclined mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer, overgrown sandy calcareous ground with stones and rocks; relatively warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-8 deg C, elevation 658 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, rotten leaves, among stones and mosses. - Comments: To distinguish among four species of genus Clavulina - namely Clavulina cinerea, Clavulina cristata (syn.: C. coralloides), Clavulina rugosa and Clavulina amethystina - growing in Slovenia is not always simple. All have very variable habitus and many times intermediate forms appear. In addition, often they are infested by parasitic fungi, which change their appearance particularly color. - Generally Clavulina cinerea is supposed to be some shade of gray (German common name Graue Koralle), richly branched with dense, slender branches, with more or less stout 'trunk' and rather tough flesh. Clavulina cristata forms densely branched tufts and tips of the branches are fringed and cristate. Clavulina rugosa is white to cream, simple or with much fewer side branches with blunt tips. It has no or barely noticeable 'trunk', distinctly uneven surface of branches and rather fragile flesh. Clavulina amethystina is violet. - Habitus of fruit bodies found clearly fit to Clavulina rugosa. Initially, I was almost sure in this determination - until I looked at spores. Their shape and a single large oil drop in each fit perfectly to Clavulina rugosa according to (Ref.:2). However, spores compared to all sources I've checked are markedly too small (see Figs. M2a and M2b) and actually dimensionally correspond much better to Clavulina cinerea (which spores, on other side, contain several smaller drops (Ref.2)). I have no explanation for this discrepancy and also lack knowledge to judge how important it is. Still, habitus of the fungi found seems to me hard to interpret as Clavulina cinerea. Of cause, this may not be the only option? - Growing scattered solitary and in small groups of a few individual fruit bodies; more than 15 fruit bodies on an area of 2 x 2 m; fruit bodies up to 5 cm tall and 2.5 cm wide; branches around 1.5-2 mm in diameter; taste and smell indistinctive; flesh brittle; SP white with slight yellow tint, oac5. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 [8.4 ; 8.7] 9.4 x 6.7 [7.2 ; 7.4] 8 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.3; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 8.6 x 7.3 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 56. (2) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 354. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 456. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 345.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. S C. cinerea, 'Graue Koralle' Asch grau, 10/9 (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 642.
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Slo.: brazdasta grivaa - syn.: Clavaria rugosa Bull. ex Fr. - Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; SE oriented, moderately inclined mountain slope; shallow, skeletal soil layer, overgrown sandy calcareous ground with stones and rocks; relatively warm place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-8 deg C, elevation 658 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, rotten leaves, among stones and mosses. - Comments: To distinguish among four species of genus Clavulina - namely Clavulina cinerea, Clavulina cristata (syn.: C. coralloides), Clavulina rugosa and Clavulina amethystina - growing in Slovenia is not always simple. All have very variable habitus and many times intermediate forms appear. In addition, often they are infested by parasitic fungi, which change their appearance particularly color. - Generally Clavulina cinerea is supposed to be some shade of gray (German common name Graue Koralle), richly branched with dense, slender branches, with more or less stout 'trunk' and rather tough flesh. Clavulina cristata forms densely branched tufts and tips of the branches are fringed and cristate. Clavulina rugosa is white to cream, simple or with much fewer side branches with blunt tips. It has no or barely noticeable 'trunk', distinctly uneven surface of branches and rather fragile flesh. Clavulina amethystina is violet. - Habitus of fruit bodies found clearly fit to Clavulina rugosa. Initially, I was almost sure in this determination - until I looked at spores. Their shape and a single large oil drop in each fit perfectly to Clavulina rugosa according to (Ref.:2). However, spores compared to all sources I've checked are markedly too small (see Figs. M2a and M2b) and actually dimensionally correspond much better to Clavulina cinerea (which spores, on other side, contain several smaller drops (Ref.2)). I have no explanation for this discrepancy and also lack knowledge to judge how important it is. Still, habitus of the fungi found seems to me hard to interpret as Clavulina cinerea. Of cause, this may not be the only option? - Growing scattered solitary and in small groups of a few individual fruit bodies; more than 15 fruit bodies on an area of 2 x 2 m; fruit bodies up to 5 cm tall and 2.5 cm wide; branches around 1.5-2 mm in diameter; taste and smell indistinctive; flesh brittle; SP white with slight yellow tint, oac5. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 [8.4 ; 8.7] 9.4 x 6.7 [7.2 ; 7.4] 8 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.3; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 8.6 x 7.3 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 56. (2) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 354. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 456. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 345.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. S C. cinerea, 'Graue Koralle' Asch grau, 10/9 (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 642.
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2018 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
Neptune's necklace (Hormosira banksii), also known as sea grapes or bubbleweed, is a species of seaweed (brown algae, Fucales) found in Australia and New Zealand. It is commonly found in rock pools at mid-tide levels and is characterised by strings of olive-brown hollow beads. The beads have a slimy layer which conserves moisture.
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2018 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
Neptune's necklace (Hormosira banksii), also known as sea grapes or bubbleweed, is a species of seaweed (brown algae, Fucales) found in Australia and New Zealand. It is commonly found in rock pools at mid-tide levels and is characterised by strings of olive-brown hollow beads. The beads have a slimy layer which conserves moisture.
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2005 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos
This is a rapidly growing annual brown alga. Interestingly, the floats contain carbon monoxide--a chemical defense? Depth 15 m.
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2000 California Academy of Sciences
CalPhotos