Parasterope muelleri (Kornicker 1958)

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Asterope Mülleri Skogsberg, 1920:483.

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1986b:20 [synonymy].—Maddocks and Kornicker, 1986:284, fig. 90 [in part].—Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989b:45, fig. 27.

LECTOTYPE.—Adult female on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm.

TYPE LOCALITY.—English Channel, off Salcombe, coast of England.

MATERIAL.—Exuma Sound: Sta 94-018, transect AA: USNM 194470, adult female on slide and in alcohol. Bermuda: USNM 158293, adult female on slide and in alcohol. Biscayne Bay, Florida: USNM 152854, 152855, 2 adult females each on slide and in alcohol. Mauritania: Sta X070, USNM 143977, adult female on 2 slides and in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—Exuma Sound at depth of 67 m; also, widespread in North Atlantic Ocean (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989b:45).

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Asterope Mülleri Skogsberg, 1920:483, fig. 89.—Vos, 1957:8, pl. 3: figs. 2a–f[?].

Cylindroleberis teres (Norman).—Müller, 1894:220, pl. 4: figs. 13, 30, 43, pl. 5: figs. 15, 24, 25, pl. 8: fig. 5.

Asterope teres (Norman).—Müller, 1912:46 [part].

Asterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Klie 1940:409, figs. 7–10

Asteropina Mulleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1958:239, figs. 60a–f, 6la–f, 86a–d, g.

Asterope Mulleri (Skogsberg).—Reys, 1965b:258 [listed] [?].

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Poulsen, 1965:370, figs. 122–124[?].

HOLOTYPE.—One adult on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm (Skogsberg, 1920:491).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Channel, off Salcombe, coast of England.

MATERIAL.—Four juveniles collected by G. W. Müller (ZMB 9158). I dissected two of these, both males; the appendages are on slides, the valves in alcohol. I have designated one dissected specimen as specimen no. 1 (estimated as an N-2 instar) and the other as specimen no. 2 (estimated as an N-1 instar). I dissected these specimens while in Naples and had the opportunity to examine the valves only briefly and did not measure them; therefore, the descriptions in this paper are of the appendages, which I had the opportunity to further examine at the Smithsonian Institution.

DISTRIBUTION.—English Channel: Salcombe (Skogsberg, 1920:49); Roscoff? (Vos, 1957:8). Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples (Müller, 1894:220; Skogsberg, 1920:491); Marseille? (Reys, 1965b: 258). Klie (1940:409) reported the species from the vicinity of the Southwest Africa, but it may not be the same species. Kornicker (1958:239) reported the species from the Bahamas, and Poulsen (1965: 370) reported it from the West Indies.

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Asterope Mülleri Skogsberg, 1920:483, fig. 89.—Vos, 1957:8, pl. 3: figs. 2a-f[?].

Cylindroleberis teres (Norman).—Müller, 1894:220, pl. 4: figs. 13, 30, 43, pl. 5: figs. 15, 24, 25, pl. 8: fig. 5.

Asterope teres (Norman) Müller, 1912:46 [part].

Asterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Klie, 1940:409, figs. 7–10[?].

Asleropina mulleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1958:239, figs. 60a-f, 61a-f, 86a-d,g.

Asterope mulleri (Skogsberg)-Reys, 1965b:258 [listed] [?].

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg) Poulsen, 1965:370, figs. 122–124 [?].—Kornicker, 1974b:36.

HOLOTYPE.—One adult female on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm (Skogsberg, 1920:491).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Channel off Salcombe, coast of England.

MATERIAL.—[USNM 139852], 1 ovigerous female in the Museum of Natural History “Grigore Antipa,” Bucharest, Romania; USNM 139859, 2 ovigerous females, not dissected, 1 juvenile; USNM 143977, 1 ovigerous female.

LOCALITY—[USNM 139852], USNM 139859 from station X018; USNM 143977 from station X070.

DISTRIBUTION.—In the present collection, the species was collected only off Mauritania at depths of 170–175 m (Figures 2, 3). The species has previously been described from the Mediterranean Sea, the English Channel, the Bahamas, the West Indies, and also from Southwest Africa by Klie (1940), but that identification is probably incorrect (Poulsen, 1965; Kornicker, 1974b).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 4, 5).—Carapace tumid in lateral view, greatest height behind valve middle (Figure 5a); incisur short, placed just below valve middle; ventral, dorsal, and posterior margins rounded; surface smooth with minute punctae visible under high magnification.

Infold (Figure 4d–f): Infold behind rostrum with about 4 bristles along list, about 5–7 bristles between list and incisur, and about 18–21 bristles anterior and dorsal to list; about 6–8 small bristles forming row along anterodorsal infold; about 26–30 bristles on broad anteroventral infold; about 17–19 bristles along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of anterior part of infold, extending along ventral infold and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens; posterior list with about 29–30 broad transparent flaplike bristles and about 17–18 small bristles forming row mostly anterior to flaplike bristles; not more than 1 small bristle between adjacent flaplike bristles; about 17 bristles between broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve, all bristles being confined to ventral half of posterior infold.

Selvage: Very faint lamellar prolongation present along lower margin of incisur.

Size: [USNM 139852], length 1.36 mm, height 0.93 mm; USNM 139859, 2 specimens; length 1.27 mm, height 0.87 mm; length 1.29 mm, height 0.92 mm; USNM 143976, length 1.24 mm, height 0.80 mm.

First antenna (Figure 5c): 1st and 2nd joints with spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd joint with long spinous dorsal bristle and short spinous lateral bristle (on holotype, lateral bristle pointing backward); 3rd joint with minute ventral bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles; 3rd joint plus 4th joint quadrate, separated by distinct suture; 4th joint with distinctly concave distal margin and 3 bristles, 1 long spinous dorsal bristle and 2 slender spinous ventral bristles (longer of these just reaching end of stem, shorter reaching just past middle of 6th joint); sensory bristle of 5th joint long, with 6 terminal filaments; dorsal margin of 5th joint with short spines forming row along distal part; medial bristle of 6th joint with short marginal spines. Seventh joint: a-bristle almost as long as bristle of 6th joint, with lateral and medial row of minute teeth along dorsal margin; b-bristle almost reaching tip of sensory bristle on 5th joint, with 5 filaments including tip of bristle; c-bristle reaching past sensory filament, with 4 short filaments near middle and 1 near tip. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle bare and almost reaching tip of sensory bristle; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 3 marginal filaments near middle and 1 near tip; g-bristle similar to c-bristle.

Second antenna (Figure 5d,e): Protopodite with spines forming clusters along dorsal margin and dorsal part of medial surface and with small medial bristle. Endopodite 3-jointed, with terminal bristle about twice length of stem. Exopodite: 1st joint with spines forming row near distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint, with spines along ventral margin; bristles of 3rd to 8th joints with natatory hairs; bristles of 3rd to 5th joints with marginal spines along part of ventral margin; 9th joint with large lateral spine about one-half length of joint, and 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short with short marginal spines); basal spines present on joints 3 to 8, spine on joint 8 about one-half to three-fourths length of 9th joint; joints 2 to 8 with short spines forming row along distal margin.

Mandible (Figure 5f,g): Coxale endite remained in mouth of [USNM 139852] and not described here. Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles, 1 long slender dwarf bristle (about two-thirds length of triaenid bristle), elongate peg, and 3 triaenid bristles with 4–5 pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair; 1 triaenid bristle with 2–3 pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair present on ventral margin of basale near base of endite and proximal to U-shaped sclerotized process; dorsal margin of basale with 2 long spinous terminal bristles; medial and lateral surfaces with long spines forming clusters (no spines present on dorsal half of medial surface); basale extremely short with proximal margin oriented at right angle to dorsal margin. Exopodite hirsute with 2 short subterminal bristles almost reaching distal end of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short spinous proximal bristle and stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles; 1 long spinous lateral bristle present between b- and c-bristles, and c- and d-bristles; 3 medial spinous cleaning bristles present between b- and c-bristle; 5 medial spinous cleaning bristles present just proximal to base of c-bristle; 1 long spinous medial bristle present at base of d-bristle; medial surface with few spines forming clusters; end joint with dorsal claw and 5 bristles, 4 long, 1 short, all with spines.

Maxilla (Figure 5h): Epipodial appendage hirsute with pointed tip reaching to about middle of dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles, 3 long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale hirsute on medial and lateral surfaces and along dorsal margin; medial surface with 2 bare bristles, both near dorsal margin (distal bristle about twice length of proximal bristle); ventral margin with 1 proximal bristle (about same length as distal medial bristle on [USNM 139852], and twice length on USNM 143977), 1 short distal bristle and 1 long spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short dorsal bristle and 1 long spinous -bristle; end joint with long spinous terminal bristle about twice length of -bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 5i): Epipodial appendage with 58 bristles; comb with 2 short slender bristles ventral to base of stout spinous exopodial bristle and 4 additional bristles present near ventral margin of comb.

Sixth limb (Figure 5j): Medial surface with minute bristle in anterodorsal corner; anterior margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle; anteroventral corner with 2 spinous bristles, lateral Hap without bristles; posteroventral margin with 14–15 spinous bristles, medial and lateral surfaces hirsute.

Seventh limb: Proximal and distal groups each with 6 bristles (3 + 3); each bristle with 3 or 4 bells. Terminus consisting of opposing combs, each with about 12 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws of which posterior 2 are small bristle-like.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 5k): Elongate with rounded tip.

Eyes (Figure 5k,l): Medial eye with faint hairs on dorsal part; lateral eye about same size as medial eye, with 17 ommatidia.

Posterior: Dorsum twisted on [USNM 139852], and therefore lateral outline not observable, posterior spinous.

Upper lip (Figure 5m): Upper lip consisting of 2 hirsute lobes and hirsute lateral flap on each side; 2 anterior spines present on each lobe.

Genitalia: Oval sclerotized process on each side. Brush organ not observed.

Eggs: [USNM 139852] with 15 eggs; USNM 143977 with 2 eggs, USNM 139859 with 7 eggs.

ATTACHED ORGANISMS.—Organisms attached to mandible of USNM 139841 (Figure 5n–r).

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Asterope Mülleri Skogsberg, 1920:483.

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1986b:20 [synonomy].—Maddocks and Kornicker, 1986:284, fig. 90 [part].

LECTOTYPE.—Adult female on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm.

TYPE LOCALITY.—English Channel, off Salcombe, coast of England.

MATERIAL.—Bermuda: Deep Blue Pool, 23 Mar 1982: USNM 193397, 1 early instar in alcohol. Palm Cave, 13 and 16 Mar 1982: USNM 193398A,B, 1 adult female and 1 adult male, respectively, both in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—Deep Blue Pool, 23 Mar 1982. Palm Cave, 13 and 16 Mar 1982. Previously reported from Castle Harbor, Hamilton Harbor, Smith's Sound, and off St. George, Bermuda (Kornicker, 1981a:8). Species widespread in north Atlantic Ocean (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974:7).

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker and Caraion, 1974 [synonomy].

HOLOTYPE.—One adult female on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Channel, off Salcombe, coast of England.

MATERIAL.—USNM 157719, 1 ovigerous female, sta 14A. USNM 158118, 1 ovigerous female, sta 7. USNM 158292, 1 ovigerous female, USNM 158293, 1 adult female, USNM 158295, 21 juveniles, all from 13 Aug 1961. USNM 158289, 1 juvenile female, sta 630729(1). USNM 158120, 1 A-1 male, USNM 158294, 1 juvenile male, both from sta 3.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 6–8).—Carapace slightly tumid in lateral view, greatest height behind valve middle, anterior and posterior margins evenly rounded (Figures 6, 7a).

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 3 or 4 bristles along list, and about 20 bristles dorsal and posterior to list; about 21 bristles on broad anteroventral infold; about 11 bristles along ventral infold to point near lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of anterior part of ventral infold, extending along ventral infold and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens; posterior list with about 24 broad transparent flaplike bristles and about 18 small bristles (generally only 1, but in some places 2 small bristles between each pair of hyaline bristles); about 11 bristles between broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve, all bristles being confined to ventral half of posterior infold (Figure 7b).

Size: USNM 157719, length 1.01 mm, height 0.66 mm; USNM 158118, length 1.03 mm, height 0.63 mm; USNM 158293, length 1.11 mm, height 0.92 mm; USNM 158292, length 1.03 mm, height 0.67 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 7c): 1st joint with medial spines and hairs in distal ventral corner. 2nd joint with spinous dorsal bristle and shorter lateral bristle, and with few spines on medial and lateral surface. 3rd and 4th joints forming square; suture between joints fairly distinct on medial side; dorsal margin of 3rd joint with 6 spinous bristles; short ventral margin with 1 small bristle; 4th joint with concave dorsal margin; dorsal margin with single spinous terminal bristle; ventral margin with 2 slender bare bristles. 5th joint: lateral side with short spines forming row along distal dorsal margin (indicated by a series of dots on illustrated limb); sensory bristle with 6 long terminal filaments. 6th joint with 1 long medial bristle. 7th joint: a-claw with faint medial and lateral spines near dorsal margin; b-bristle with 4 or 5 long filaments including stem; c-bristle reaching slightly past tip of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with several short marginal filaments. 8th joint: d-bristle represented by minute spine; e-bristle bare, with blunt tip not quite reaching tip of sensory bristle of 5th joint; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 4 marginal filaments; g-bristle about same length as c-bristle, with several marginal filaments.

Second Antenna (Figure 7d): Protopodite with small, distal, medial bristle, and faint spines forming rows on dorsal half of medial surface of joint. Endopodite 3-jointed, but with 2nd and 3rd joints fused; 3rd joint with long terminal bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with small medial bristle and few ventral hairs; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past tip of 9th joint and with numerous slender spines along ventral margin; bristles of joints 3–8 with natatory hairs, some also with slender ventral spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles (2 long and 1 medium with natatory hairs, 1 short, bare); joints 4–8 with pointed basal spines increasing in length on distal joints; spine of 8th joint about two-thirds length of 9th joint: lateral spine of 9th joint pointed, about same length as joint: distal margins of joints 2–8 with faint spines forming row.

Mandible (Figure 7e): Coxale endite: ventral branch with spines forming 4 oblique rows; tip of branch consisting of 2 slender teeth with minute spines near bases; small medial bristle present near base of ventral branch; dorsal branch with 5 or 6 low processes proximal to short main spine; tip of branch pointed; posterior distal bristle hirsute and with base set back from tip of branch. Basale endite with 4 pectinate end-type bristles, 3 triaenid bristles (each with 3 pairs of marginal spines proximal to terminal pair), 1 dwarf bristle, and well-developed glandular process. Basale with 2 spinous, subterminal, dorsal bristles, and a few spines on medial surface, otherwise bare. Exopodite slightly shorter than dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute with 2 short subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long spinous ventral bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with stout a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles, and 1 small bristle just proximal to a-bristle; lateral side with 2 long bristles (1 between b- and c-bristles, and 1 between c- and d-bristles); medial side spinous, with cleaning bristles forming 2 rows (3 bristles in proximal row, 6 in distal row), and 1 fairly long bristle just distal to the d-bristle; ventral margin with 3 long spinous terminal bristles; 3rd joint with stout dorsal claw with ventral spines, and 5 bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 7f): Endite I with 3 long and 1 short bristle; endite II with 3 long bristles. Epipodial appendage triangular, not reaching middle of dorsal margin of basale, hirsute near tip. Basale: lateral side with 1 short proximal bristle; ventral margin with 1 short proximal bristle and 1 long terminal bristle; dorsal margin faintly hirsute; medial side near dorsal margin with 2 short bristles, 1 proximal, 1 distal. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short dorsal bristle and a fairly short beta-bristle; end joint with 1 long bristle more than twice length of beta-bristle. Exopodite absent.

Fifth Limb: Lateral side of comb with stout spinous exopodial bristle, 2 small, slender, bare bristles just ventral to base of stout bristle, and 4 or 5 short bristles near ventral margin just anterior to base of stout bristle; shape of comb typical for genus.

Sixth Limb (Figure 8a): Anterodorsal corner with minute medial bristle. Anterior margin of trunk with 2 short endite bristles; anterior tip of skirt with 2 spinous bristles (anterior of these much longer and stouter than other); ventral and posteroventral margin of skirt with 13–15 spinous and hirsute bristles.

Seventh Limb (Figure 8b): 6 bristles, 3 on each side, in both proximal and distal groups; each bristle with up to 4 bells. Terminus with opposing combs, each with about 14 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 7g): Each lamella with 9 claws (posterior 2 of these bristle-like).

Bellonci Organ (Figure 7i): Elongate, broadening in middle, with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye pigmented light amber, bare (Figure 7i). Lateral eyes pigmented, about same size as medial eye, with about 18 ommatidia (Figure 7h).

Posterior of Body (Figure 7k): Spinous, without thumblike process.

Upper Lip (Figure 7j): Upper lip consisting of 2 hirsute lobes, each with 2 anterior spines. Hirsute lateral flaps present on each side of mouth.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 7l): Typical for genus.

Eggs (Figure 7a): USNM 157719 with 12 eggs in marsupium.

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Cylindroleberis teres (Norman).—Müller, 1894:;220, pl. 4: figs, 30, 43, pl. 5: figs. 6, 15, 24, 25, pl. 8: fig. 5.

Asterope teres (Norman).—Müller, 1912:46 [part].

Asterope Mulleri Skogsberg, 1920:483, fig. 89.—de Vos, 1957:8, pl. 3: fig. 2a-f[?].

Asterope elliptica Philippi.—Tressler, 1949:338, fig. 9 [part].

Asteropina mulleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1958:239, figs. 60a–f, 61 a–f, 86a–d,g.

Asterope mulleri Skogsberg.—Reys, 1965:258 [listed] [?].

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Poulsen, 1965:370, figs. 122–124.—Hulings, 1969:418.—Kornicker, 1974b:36, fig. 16; 1981b:8, figs. 6–8.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1974:8, fig. 4, 5.

Asterope muelleri Skogsberg.—Puri, 1966:484 [listed].

Not Asterope muelleri Skogsberg.—Klie, 1940:409, figs. 7–10 [See Kornicker, 1976:11, 18].

HOLOTYPE.—Adult female on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm (Skogsberg, 1920:484).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Channel, off Salcombe, coast of England.

MATERIAL.—See “Station Data with Specimens Examined.”

DISTRIBUTION.—English Channel; off Mauritania; Mediterranian Sea. West Atlantic: Bermuda; east coast of Florida; Florida Keys; Bahamas; West Indies. Known depth range 1–175 m.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 5, 6).—Dorsal and ventral margins convex, some specimens slightly tumid; incisur placed just below valve middle; dorsal margin evenly rounded (Figure 5a,b,h).

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 3 or 4 bristles along list, 2 bristles between list and incisur, and about 25 bristles anterior and dorsal to list; about 22–24 bristles on broad anteroventral infold; about 9–12 bristles along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost hyaline flap-like bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of anterior part of infold, extending along ventral infold and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens; posterior list with about 25 broad transparent flap-like bristles and about 14–17 small bristles forming row near bases of flap-like bristles; generally not more than 1 small bristle between adjacent flap-like bristles; 6–10 bristles between broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve, all bristles being confined to ventral half of posterior infold.

Vestment: Clusters of long hairs present on vestment just proximal to anterodorsal infold.

Selvage: Faint, fringed, lamellar prolongation present along proximal part of lower margin of incisur.

Size: USNM 152854, length 0.99 mm, height 0.61 mm, height 77 percent of length; USNM 152855, length 1.16 mm, height 0.75 mm, height 65 percent of length; USNM 152856, length 1.02 mm, height 0.64 mm, height 63 percent of length; USNM 152852, 3 ovigerous females: length 1.18 mm, height 0.72 mm, height 61 percent of length; length 1.05 mm, height 0.65, height 62 percent of length; length 1.13 mm, height 0.71 mm, height 63 percent of length; USNM 158366, length 1.17 mm, height 0.72 mm, height 62 percent of length; USNM 88853, length 1.12, height 0.70 mm, height 63 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure 5i,j): Medial surface of 1st joint with long hairs and 3 minute but stout spines at middle of distal margin; lateral surface with long hairs and few slender spines on dorsal half; lateral surface of 2nd joint with few spines forming rows near dorsal margin and 1 short distal bristle with faint marginal spines; medial surface with few spines forming rows; dorsal margin with long spinous midbristle; 3rd joint short, triangular, delimited by well-defined sutures; ventral margin with minute bristle, dorsal margin with 6 spinous bristles; 3rd and 4th joints combined forming square; distal margin of 4th joint concave on both medial and lateral surfaces; ventral margin of 4th joint with few short spines and 2 bare terminal bristles reaching past distal end of 5th joint; dorsal margin of 4th joint with 1 long spinous bristle; sensory bristle of 5th joint with 6 terminal filaments including stem; medial bristle of 6th joint reaching just past a-claw of 7th joint, with short marginal spines. Seventh joint: a-claw with minute teeth proximally along concave margin; b-bristle reaching just past tip of a-claw, with 3 distal marginal filaments excluding stem; c-bristle reaching just past tip of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 4 marginal filaments near middle and 1 shorter filament near tip. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent or represented by minute spine; e-bristle about same length as b-bristle, bare with blunt tip; f-bristle bent dorsally, about same length as b-bristle, with 3 short marginal filaments near middle and 1 near tip; g-bristle almost as long as c-bristle, with 4 marginal filaments near middle and 1 near tip.

Second antenna (Figure 5k) Protopodite with short distomedial bristle and slender spines forming rows on dorsal half of medial surface. Endopodite very weakly 3-jointed, 3rd joint without visible suture separating it from 2nd joint, with long terminal bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with minute medial bristle on distal margin, and few long distal hairs on dorsal margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching just past distal end of 9th joint, with spines along ventral margin; bristles of joints 2–8 with slender spines along middle of ventral margin and with natatory haris; 9th joint with 4 bristles (2 short, bare, or with short marginal hairs, 1 medium length with natatory hairs, 1 long (ventral) with natatory hairs and also slender ventral spines proximally along ventral margin); joints 3 to 8 with basal spines; basal spine of 8th joint to length of 9th joint, others smaller; lateral spine of 9th joint 50 to 95 percent length of 9th joint; joints 3–8 with short spines forming row along distal lateral margin.

Mandible (Figure 5g,l,m): Ventral branch of coxale endite with 3 minute teeth and 1 or 2 minute spines; dorsal branch with pair of nodes followed by 4 or 5 low nodes and short main spine; tip of branch coming to sharp point; distal bristle on ventral margin hirsute, with base anterior to tip of branch; short slender bristle present near base of ventral branch. Basale endite with 4 end bristles with stout proximal and more slender distal spines, 3 triaenid bristles with 3–5 pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair, 1 dwarf bristle, and an elongate glandular peg; dorsal margin of basale with 2 long, spinous, terminal bristles (USNM 152844 aberrant in having only 1 bristle); ventral margin and medial surface bare. Exopodite reaching distal end of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute, with 2 short subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long ventral bristles (medial bristle with short marginal spines; remaining 2 bristles with marginal spines along middle part followed by 2 long stout spines); ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 terminal bristles, 2 or more of these with short marginal spines; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with stout a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles (all except a-bristle with faint spines along middle of ventral and dorsal margins, base of c-bristle slightly stouter than bases of other bristles); 1 short bare bristle proximal to a-bristle; long, slender, lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles almost same length as b-bristle; long slender bristle between c- and d-bristles almost as long as c-bristle; medial side with 0 or 1 cleaning bristle between a- and b-bristles; 3 cleaning bristles just distal to base of b-bristle and 5–6 cleaning bristles just proximal to base of c-bristle, 1 long slender bristle with short marginal spines just distal to base of d-bristle, and short spines forming rows; end joint with stout dorsal claw with spines along ventral margin, and 4 long and 1 short bristle, all with short marginal spines.

Maxilla (Figure 6a): Endite I with 4 bristles (3 long and 1 short); endite II with 3 long bristles; epipodial appendage reaching to bout middle of dorsal margin of basale, without hairs. Basale: medial surface near dorsal margin with short proximal and slightly longer distal bristle; dorsal margin and medial surface hirsute; ventral margin with 1 short proximal bristle and long, spinous, terminal bristle; lateral surface with short proximal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with short dorsal bristle and bare beta-bristle; end joint with 1 long bristle with few very faint marginal spines (bristle 50 to 100 percent longer than beta-bristle).

Fifth Limb (Figure 6b): Lateral surface of comb with stout spinous bristle reaching past end of comb, 1 short slender bristle just ventral to base of stout bristle, and 4 bristles near ventral margin. Epipodial appendage with 57 bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 6c): Medial surface with 1 short spine in proximal anterior corner and 2 short endite bristles near anterior margin (lower bristle with base some distance from anterior margin); anteroventral corner with 1 long spinous bristle and 1 short bare bristle; lateral flap with long hairs along anterior margin; ventral margin of end joint with 14–16 spinous and hirsute bristles along posterior two-thirds.

Seventh Limb (Figure 6d): Proximal and distal groups each with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each bristle with up to 4 bells; terminus with opposing combs, each with 12–13 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figures 5e, 6h): Each lamella with 9 claws of which posterior 2 pairs are bristle-like and oriented posteriad; main claws with short and long teeth along posterior margin.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figures 5c,d, 6e): Elongate, broadening in middle, with rounded tip.

Eyes (Figures 5c, d, 6e,f): Medial eye bare; lateral eye about same size as medial eye, pigmented, with about 18 ommatidia.

Upper Lip (Figures 5c,f, 6g): With a pair of hirsute anterior lobes and 2 hirsute lateral flaps; each anterior lobe with 1 or 2 anterior spines, anterior of saddle between lobes with 1 or 2 spines.

Posterior of Body (Figures 5e, 6h): Posterodorsal corner with tuft of long spines; margin dorsal to spines with minute scallops bearing short spines.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 6h): Normal for genus.

Eggs (Figure 5a,b,h): USNM 152854, 8 eggs; USNM 152855, 9 eggs: USNM 152856, 11 eggs, USNM 158366, 3 eggs; USNM 88853, 7 eggs.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 7, 8).—Carapace elongate, posterior evenly rounded, rostrum overlapping incisur located near middle of anterior margin; bristles forming vertical row near posterior end of valve (Figure 7a).

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 5 bristles along list, 5 bristles between list and incisur, and about 32 bristles anterior and dorsal to list; about 29 bristles on broad anteroventral infold: about 14 bristles along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost, hyaline, flap-like bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of anterior part of infold, extending along ventral infold, and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens; posterior broad list with about 28 transparent flap-like bristles and about 19 minute bristles (not more than 1 minute bristle between adjacent flap-like bristles); about 18 bristles between broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve (all bristles confined to ventral half of posterior infold). Infolds of left and right valves similar.

Vestment: Clusters of long hairs present on vestment just proximal to anterodorsal infold.

Central Adductor Muscle Attachments (Figure 8f): Consisting of about 12 individual ovoid attachments.

Size: USNM 158392, length 1.57 mm, height 0.94 mm. USNM 158603 (31 adult males, 4 measured): length 1.55 mm, height 0.91 mm, length 1.43 mm, height 0.82 mm, length 1.40 mm, height 0.83 mm; length 1.42 mm, height 0.85 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 7b): 1st joint with few minute lateral spines forming row near middle of dorsal margin. 2nd joint with abundant medial spines, lateral spines forming rows near dorsal margin, 1 bare lateral bristle, and 1 spinous dorsal bristle. Suture between 3rd and 4th joints well defined on medial surface, less well defined near middle on lateral surface; 3rd joint with 1 small ventral bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles; 4th joint with 2 terminal ventral bristles and 1 longer dorsal bristle. Sensory bristle of short 5th joint stout, with abundant sensory filaments (filaments not shown on illustrated limb); terminal filaments stouter than others. Suture between 6th and 7th joints not well defined medially but more clearly defined laterally; medial bristle of 6th joint spinous, with base near dorsal margin. 7th limb: a-claw on short pedestal, and with dorsal spines; b-bristle more than twice length of a-claw, with 4 marginal filaments; c-bristle extremely long, with about 27 filaments. 8th joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle bare, longer than a-claw; f-bristle very long, with about 24 filaments; g-bristle about one-third longer than b-bristle, with 8 or 9 marginal filaments.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with small, distal, medial bristle, otherwise bare (Figure 7c). Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 7d): 1st joint elongate, bare; 2nd joint elongate with 3 ventral bristles, one much shorter than others; 3rd joint elongate, with 1 proximal bristle with blunt tip; tip of joint with transverse ridges. Exopodite: 1st joint elongate with distal hairs; 2nd joint 3–4 times length of 3rd joint; remaining joints decreasing in size gradually; joint 3–8 with minute basal spines (some with minute spines at tip); 9th joint with small, squarish, lateral spine with minute spines at tip; joints 2–8 with minute spines forming row along distal margin, and distal hairs on dorsal margin; bristles of joints 2–9 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles (dorsal of these smaller than others).

Mandible (Figure 7e,f): Coxale endite with slender medial bristle at base of ventral branch (Figure 7f); ventral branch with spines forming 4 oblique rows, and tip with 3 small teeth; ventral margin of dorsal branch with 3 paired nodes followed by 2 smaller nodes and small main spine; tip of branch tapering to fine point; dorsal margin with hirsute bristle with base set back from tip of branch, and few serrations proximal to bristle. Basale endite with 4 end-type bristles, 3 triaenid bristles with 4–5 paired spines excluding terminal pair, 1 dwarf bristle, and glandular peg. Basale: ventral margin with 1 triaenid bristle with 3–4 paired spines excluding terminal pair; dorsal margin with 2 long spinous bristles. Exopodite not quite reaching distal end of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute distally, with 2 small subterminal bristles. 1st endopodial joint with 3 long bristles (lateral of these with short marginal spines, others with both long and short spines). 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with 3 bristles with short marginal spines; dorsal margin with 2 proximal bristles and stout a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles (last 2 with marginal spines); medial surface with spines and hairs forming rows, 8 cleaning bristles forming 2 or 3 rows between band c-bristles (5 bristles in distal row) and 1 long slender bristle just distal to base of d-bristle; lateral surface with long bristle between b- and c-bristles and between c- and d-bristles. End joint with stout pectinate claw and 5 spinous bristles (medial of these short).

Maxilla (Figure 8a): Epipodite not reaching middle of dorsal margin of basale, with hairs on pointed tip. Basale: dorsal margin hirsute, with 1 proximal and 1 distal bristle (both bristles with bases on medial surface); lateral surface with 1 short proximal bristle; ventral margin with 1 proximal bristle, 1 small distal bristle, and 1 long spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short anterior bristle and 1 short beta-bristle; end joint with terminal bristle three or four times length of beta-bristle. Endite I with 4 bristles (3 long, 1 short); endite II with 3 long bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 8b): Lateral side of comb with stout, spinous, exopodial bristle, 2 slender bristles ventral to base of exopodial bristle, and 2 pairs of bristles near ventral margin.

Sixth Limb (Figure 8c): Anterior margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle at endite sutures; anterior tip of skirt with 2 spinous bristles (smaller of these about length of other); posteroventral margin with 17 or 18 hirsute bristles (those along posterior corner longer than others); limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb: 6 bristles in proximal group (3 on each side); 6 bristles in distal group (3 on each side); each bristle with 3–4 bells; bristles on each side consisting of long bristle between 2 short bristles; terminus consisting of opposing combs, each with 7 or 8 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 8d,e): Each lamella with 8 claws (posterior 2 of these ringed, bristle-like, but none oriented backwards); main claws with long and short teeth along posterior margins; claw 1 of right lamella anterior to claw 1 of left lamella.

Bellonci Organ (Figure 8f): Elongate, broadening near middle, with rounded tip.

Eyes (Figure 8f): Medial eye bare, with amber pigment. Lateral eye larger than medial eye, with amber pigment and 19–20 ommatidia.

Upper Lip (Figure 8f): Consisting of 2 hirsute lobes, 1 on each side of saddle bearing faint anterior spine. Hirsute lateral flaps present on each side of mouth.

Copulatory Organ: Small.

Posterior of Body (Figure 8d,e): With very small, hirsute, dorsal process.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 8d,e): Typical for genus.