Renata Manconi, Barbara Cadeddu, Fabio Ledda, Roberto Pronzato
Zookeys
Figure 31Cacospongia mollior. a, b dry specimens from the Schmidt’s collection preserved in the Landes Museum Joanneum of Graz c close up of the sponge surface harbouring several specimens of Chromodoris spp. grazing on epibionts d skeletal network with primary (cored) and secondary (uncored) fibres close to the sponge surface e close up of the skeletal network with primary and secondary fibres (LM). a, b modified from Desqueyroux-Faundez and Stone (1992) d modified from Schulze (1879a) e modified from Pulitzer-Finali & Pronzato (1976) a, b scale bars = 1 cm.
Renata Manconi, Barbara Cadeddu, Fabio Ledda, Roberto Pronzato
Zookeys
Figure 32Cacospongia proficens. Spongin skeleton with primary fibres cored by alloctonous spicules of Reniera cratera (left) and Reniera mucosa (right). Modified from Pulitzer-Finali and Pronzato (1980).
Renata Manconi, Barbara Cadeddu, Fabio Ledda, Roberto Pronzato
Zookeys
Figure 33Cacospongia scalaris. a large massive specimen (ca. 35 cm) with finely conulose surface and evident scattered oscula b cored primary fibres perpendicularly connected by secondaries showing a marrow (LM) c drawing of the skeletal network; d) drawing showing radiating primary fibres typically connected by secondaries at right angle (90°). b modified from Pulitzer-Finali & Pronzato (1976) c modified from Laubenfels (1948) d modified from Schulze (1879a).
Renata Manconi, Barbara Cadeddu, Fabio Ledda, Roberto Pronzato
Zookeys
Figure 34Fasciospongia cavernosa. a large specimen (over 20 cm) from the Kerkennah Islands (Tunisia) b stout spongin fibres in the skeletal network with very scarce inclusions at different magnifications (LM) c granulated (top) and cored (bottom) fibres d internal shape of the typical hollow (from which the species name) e, f rugose surface of skeletal fibres (SEM). c modified from Vacelet (1959) d modified from Schulze (1879a).
Renata Manconi, Barbara Cadeddu, Fabio Ledda, Roberto Pronzato
Zookeys
Figure 35Hyrtios collectrix. a detail of a fibre tract showing a scanty amount of spongin with a wide variety of mineral debris embedded, including also spicules of many other sponge species b foreign materials embedded in the sponge surface c pictorial representation of a sponge cross section close to the surface with flagellate chambers represented as terminations of a tree-shaped aquiferous system. a–c modified from Schulze (1879b).