Red diamond rattlesnake
Cedros Island rattlesnake
San Lorenzo Island Rattlesnake
San Lucan rattlesnake
Red diamond rattlesnake
Southwestern United States (southwestern California) southward through the peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, exclusive of the desert east of the Sierra de Juárez in northeastern Baja California. Occurs on a number of islands in the Gulf of California, including Angel de la Guarda, Pond, San Lorenzo del Sur, San Marcos, Danzante, Monserrate, and San José; along the Pacific coast it is known from Isla de Santa Margarita, off Baja California Sur, and Isla de Cedros, off Baja California, Mexico (McDiarmid et al., 1999).
Holotype: USNM 9209 (McDiarmid et al., 1999).
Type-locality: None given in original description. Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33:313-380[356], roposed "Dulzura, San Diego County, California" as a possibility (McDiarmid et al., 1999).
Die Rote Diamant-Klapperschlange (Crotalus ruber) ist eine Art der Klapperschlangen (Crotalus), deren Verbreitungsgebiet sich vom südlichen Kalifornien bis auf die zu Mexiko gehörende Baja California ausdehnt.
Die Rote Diamant-Klapperschlange ist eine große und kräftig gebaute Klapperschlange mit einer durchschnittlichen Körperlänge von über einem Meter, wobei einzelne Individuen bis zu 1,50 Meter lang werden. Die typische Grundfärbung ist rotbraun bis ziegelrot, sie kann jedoch auch olivgrün oder braun sein (vor allem in den südlichen Teilen des Verbreitungsgebietes, Unterart C. r. lucasensis). Die Zeichnung besteht aus großen Diamanten, die im Regelfall weiß begrenzt sind. Diese weißen Ränder fehlen nur bei einigen Inselformen. Der Kopf ist durch ein breites rotes oder braunes Schläfenband gekennzeichnet, dass über die Augen zu den Mundwinkeln führt und ebenfalls weiß eingefasst sein kann. Der Schwanz weist eine schwarz-weiße Bänderung aus schmalen Bändern auf, die vor allem bei rotbraunen Tieren stark mit dem Körper kontrastiert.
Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Schlange erstreckt sich vom südlichen Kalifornien bis auf die zu Mexiko gehörende Baja California und schließt dabei nur die trockensten Gebiete der Wüste aus. Außerdem ist die Art auf einigen Inseln im Golf von Kalifornien anzutreffen.
Der Lebensraum der Schlange ist durch trockene Wüstengebiete gekennzeichnet, wobei die Schlange vor allem in Gebieten mit steinigem Boden oder spärlicher Vegetation zu finden ist.
Das Gift dieser Schlange entspricht im Wesentlichen dem der Texas-Klapperschlange (C. atrox) und besitzt entsprechend vor allem hämotoxische Komponenten, welche sich aus Gewebe zerstörenden Proteinen zusammensetzen. Die Wirkung besteht hierbei entsprechend vor allem aus Gewebezerstörungen, lokalen schmerzhaften Schwellungen und hämorrhagischen Effekten.
Aktuell werden drei Unterarten der Roten Diamant-Klapperschlange als valide betrachtet:
Die Rote Diamant-Klapperschlange (Crotalus ruber) ist eine Art der Klapperschlangen (Crotalus), deren Verbreitungsgebiet sich vom südlichen Kalifornien bis auf die zu Mexiko gehörende Baja California ausdehnt.
Crotalus ruber is a venomous pit viper species found in southwestern California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.[4]
This moderately large species commonly exceeds 100 cm (39 in) on the mainland. Large males may exceed 140 cm (55 in), although specimens of over 150 cm (59 in) are quite rare. The largest specimen on record measured 162 cm (64 in) (Klauber, 1937).[5]
Crotalus ruber is very similar in pattern to C. atrox, but it is distinguished by its reddish color, to which the specific name, ruber, refers. Also, the first lower labial scale on each side is transversely divided to form a pair of anterior chin shields.[6]
The dorsal scales are usually arranged in 29 rows, but may vary from 25 to 31 rows. Ventrals range from 185 to 206.[7]
Snakes found in coastal regions are longer on average than those found in desert regions.[8]
Common names include: red diamond rattlesnake, red rattlesnake, red diamond snake, red diamond-backed rattlesnake, red rattler, and western diamond rattlesnake.[3] The form found on Cedros Island, previously described as C. exsul, was referred to as the Cedros Island diamond rattlesnake,[9] or Cedros Island rattlesnake.[10]
Red diamond rattlesnakes are found in the United States in southwestern California and southward through the Baja California peninsula, although not in the desert east of the Sierra de Juárez in northeastern Baja California. It also inhabits a number of islands in the Gulf of California, including Angel de la Guarda, Pond, San Lorenzo del Sur, San Marcos, Danzante, Monserrate and San José. Off the west coast of Baja California, it is found on Isla de Santa Margarita, which is off Baja California Sur, and (as C. exsul) on Isla de Cedros.[2]
Originally, no type locality was given, although two have been proposed: "Dulzura, San Diego County, California", by Smith and Taylor (1950), and "vicinity of San Diego, California" by Schmidt (1953).[2]
This species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v3.1, 2001).[11] Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend was down when assessed in 2007.[12]
C. ruber inhabits the cooler coastal zone, over the mountains, and into the desert beyond. It prefers the dense chaparral country of the foothills, cactus patches, and boulders covered with brush, from sea level to 1,500 m in altitude.[13]
This species preys on rabbits, ground squirrels, birds,[13] lizards, and other snakes.[3][14] Snakes from coastal populations consume prey of larger body mass than snakes from desert populations.[15]
Mating occurs between February and April. Females give birth in August, to between three and 20 young. Neonates are 30 to 34 cm in length.[13]
This species is of a mild disposition[14] and has one of the least potent rattlesnake venoms. Nonetheless, a bite from this species is still a medical emergency and can be fatal without prompt antivenom treatment.
Brown (1973) lists an average venom yield of 364 mg (dried) and LD50 values of 4.0, 3.7 mg/kg IV, 6.0, 7.0, 6.7 mg/kg IP and 21.2 mg/kg SC for toxicity.[16]
However, Norris (2004) warned this species has a relatively large venom yield containing high levels of proteolytic enzymes, especially in the adults. A publication he mentions by Rael et al. (1986) showed it contains at least three proteolytic hemorrhagins that degrade fibrinogen and cause myonecrosis, but no Mojave toxin. On the other hand, three specimens from Mexico studied by Glen et al. (1983) did have Mojave toxin and lacked hemorrhagic activity.[17]
Bite symptoms include massive tissue swelling, pain, ecchymosis, hemorrhagic blebs, and necrosis. Systemic symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, coagulopathy, clinical bleeding and hemolysis.[17]
Not enough genetic and morphological diversity exists between C. exsul from Cedros Island and C. ruber from the mainland to warrant the recognition of both species.[18] Since C. exsul Garman (1884) has priority over C. ruber Cope (1892), they suggested the island population be referred to as C. e. exsul and those from the mainland as C. e. ruber. In response, Smith et al. (1998) petitioned the ICZN to validate ruber over exsul in the interest of nomenclatural stability. In 2000, the ICZN published Opinion 1960 in which they ruled C. ruber should have precedence over C. exsul.[5]
Crotalus ruber is a venomous pit viper species found in southwestern California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.
La serpiente de cascabel diamante rojo (Crotalus ruber) es una serpiente venenosa del género Crotalus que se encuentra en el suroeste de California, Estados Unidos, y a en la Baja California de México. Actualmente se reconocen tres subespecies, incluyendo la subespecie nominal que se describe aquí.
Esta es una especie moderadamente grande que normalmente supera los 100 cm en la parte continental. Los machos son de grandes dimensiones y puede ser superior a 140 cm, aunque los especímenes de más de 150 cm son muy raros. El espécimen más grande registrado medía 162 cm (Klauber, 1937).
Habita en la zonas costeras más frescas, sobre las montañas y en el desierto. Prefiere la garriga, los cactus y las rocas cubiertas de maleza. Crece desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1.500 m de altitud.
Se alimenta de conejos, ardillas y pájaros. Wright y Wright (1957) también mencionan los lagartos y otras serpientes como parte de la dieta de esta especie.
El apareamiento se produce entre febrero y abril. Las hembras dan a luz en agosto, a entre 3 y 20 jóvenes. Las crías miden de 30 a 34 cm de longitud.
La serpiente de cascabel diamante rojo (Crotalus ruber) es una serpiente venenosa del género Crotalus que se encuentra en el suroeste de California, Estados Unidos, y a en la Baja California de México. Actualmente se reconocen tres subespecies, incluyendo la subespecie nominal que se describe aquí.
Crotalus ruber Crotalus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Viperidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Crotalus ruber Crotalus generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Viperidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Crotalus ruber est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Viperidae[1].
Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :
Elle est présente du niveau de la mer jusqu'à environ 1 500 m d'altitude.
Crotalus ruber mesure environ 100 cm, les plus grands mâles dépassant 140 cm (le plus grand spécimen connu mesurait 162 cm - Klauber, 1937).
Ce serpent venimeux et vivipare[1] se nourrit de rongeurs (lapins, écureuils) et d'oiseaux, ainsi que de lézards et d'autres serpents (Wright, 1957).
La reproduction a lieu de février à avril. Les femelles donnent naissance en août à une portée de 3 à 20 petits qui mesurent environ 30 cm à la naissance.
Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (13 février 2014)[2] :
Son nom d'espèce, du latin ruber, « rouge », lui a été donné en référence à sa teinte aux reflets rougeâtres[3].
Grzechotnik kalifornijski (Crotalus ruber ) – gatunek jadowitego węża z podrodziny grzechotnikowatych w rodzinie żmijowatych.
Obecnie wyróżniamy 3 podgatunki[1]:
Występuje na terenie Stanów Zjednoczonych w Ameryce Północnej. Żywi się drobnymi kręgowcami.
Alethinophidia Grzechotnik kalifornijski (Crotalus ruber ) – gatunek jadowitego węża z podrodziny grzechotnikowatych w rodzinie żmijowatych.
Obecnie wyróżniamy 3 podgatunki:
Crotalus ruber lorenzoensis (Radcliffe and Maslin, 1975) Crotalus ruber lucasensis (Van Denburgh, 1920) Crotalus ruber ruber (Cope, 1892)Występuje na terenie Stanów Zjednoczonych w Ameryce Północnej. Żywi się drobnymi kręgowcami.
Crotalus ruber[2] este o specie de șerpi din genul Crotalus, familia Viperidae, descrisă de Edward Drinker Cope în anul 1892.[4][5] A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie cu risc scăzut.[1]
Această specie cuprinde următoarele subspecii:[4]
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Acest articol referitor la o reptilă este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa. Crotalus ruber este o specie de șerpi din genul Crotalus, familia Viperidae, descrisă de Edward Drinker Cope în anul 1892. A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie cu risc scăzut.
Crotalus ruber là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn lục. Loài này được Cope mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1892.[2]
Bài viết về họ Rắn lục này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Crotalus ruber là một loài rắn trong họ Rắn lục. Loài này được Cope mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1892.
