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Morphology

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Crossaster papposus ranges from 8" to 14" in diameter. It has many arms (between 8 and 14) the length of one-half its radius. It is scarlet on top with concentric bands of white, pink, yellow, or dark red, and it is white on the underside. Its entire upper surface is sparsely covered with brushlike bristles. (McConnaughey and McConnaughey, 1985) These bristles, called pseudopaxillae, consist of bundles of fine spines atop short stumps. The mouth area is bare, and it has two rows of sucker-tipped sensory tube feet. (Gosner, 1978)

Other Physical Features: ectothermic

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Grush, H. 1999. "Crossaster papposus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crossaster_papposus.html
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Habitat

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Crossaster papposus is found on rock bottoms, ranging from the low tide line to approximately 1080' (329m) deep. (McConnaughey and McConnaughey, 1985) It is tolerant of strong sunlight. (Coleman, 1991)

Aquatic Biomes: coastal

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Grush, H. 1999. "Crossaster papposus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crossaster_papposus.html
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Distribution

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North Atlantic and Pacific Coasts: (Himmelman and Dutil, 1991) One can find C. papposus from Alaska to Puget Sound, from the Artic to the Gulf of Maine. (MConnaughey and McConnaighey, 1985) It is common in British waters and in eastern Maine and can often be found in the lower intertidal zone from the Eastport area northward. (Hayward and Ryland, 1995)

Biogeographic Regions: atlantic ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )

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Grush, H. 1999. "Crossaster papposus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crossaster_papposus.html
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Trophic Strategy

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In its habitat, C. papposus is considered to be the dominant predator, along with Solaster endece, another species of predacious sea star. As a dominant predator, C. papposus plays an important role in determining community structure. (Himmelman and Dutil, 1991) Its abundance and frequent predatory activity suggests that it belongs to an important predatory guild. C. papposus has often been observed feeding on urchins, as well as on numerous other invertebrates, including echinoderms, bivalves, cnidarians, and tunicates. (Coleman, 1991) Cannibalism in C. papposus is rare, observed only after long starvation in captivity. (Sloan, 1984)

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Grush, H. 1999. "Crossaster papposus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Crossaster_papposus.html
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Benefits

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Unfortunately, information regarding the economic importance of C. papposus and its value to humans is either not well-studied, not well-documented, or simply inaccessible. As an aggressive predator high on its food web and as an agent of dispersal of both its competitors and prey, C. papposus clearly has a significant impact on its ecosystem.

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Untitled

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Among the most beautiful of echinoderms, C. papposus is a bright spot of color in North Atlantic and Pacific waters. It can be readily recognized and differentiated from other sea stars in that it has several more than the standard number or tube feet (five). (Hickman and Roberts, 1995)

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Reproduction

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Crossaster papposus, like most sea stars, has separate sexes, and fertilization is external. (Hickman and Roberts, 1995) Sexual reproduction produces lecithotropic larva in late winter. One-year-old individuals measure 1.8 to 4.0 cm in diameter, and there is a 2 cm annual growth increment during the following few years. (Himmelman and Dutil, 1991) Juvenile C. papposus tend to prefer sediment bottoms of the sea. Upon growing to 5cm in diameter, C. papposus migrates to shallow water (4-8cm in diameter) and then, with increasing size, it gradually moves to greater depths. (Himmelman and Dutil, 1991) Like other sea stars, C. papposus can regenerate injured or missing arms, as long as a portion of the central disc, where the arms converge, is intact. (Hickman and Roberts, 1995)

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Brief Summary

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The common sunstar is named after the fact that it looks like a sun with its 8 to 14 arms. Its colorful, sunny appearance makes you think it has a nice character, but nothing is farther from the truth. It is a fearsome predator, which scares the daylights out of common starfish and other smaller marine animals. The common sunstar is quite fast for a starfish, reaching top speeds of 70 centimeters per minute. There are films where you see how brittle stars and sea urchins run away as soon as a sunstar is in the vicinity. If they are not fast enough, they are inevitably consumed.
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Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De zonnester dankt zijn naam aan het feit dat hij op een zon lijkt met zijn 8 tot 14 armen. Door zijn kleurrijke, zonnige uiterlijk zou je dat misschien niet denken, maar het is een geduchte rover, die gewone zeesterren en andere kleinere zeedieren de stuipen op het lijf jaagt. Hij is voor een zeester behoorlijk snel, hij kan op topsnelheid wel 70 centimeter per minuut afleggen. Er zijn filmpjes waarop je ziet hoe slangsterren en zee-egels maken dat ze wegkomen zodra er een zonnester aan komt. Als ze niet op tijd weg zijn, worden ze zonder pardon opgegeten.
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Habitat

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Varied.
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Distribution

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Geographical Range: Bering Sea to Puget Sound; Arctic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, western Baltic sea
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Look Alikes

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How to Distinguish from Similar Species: Solaster stimpsoni and S. dawsoni have much smaller central disks in relation to their total diameter and do not have the abundant aboral spines nor this coloration. Pycnopodia helianthoides has more rays, grows larger, and has abundant pedicellariae, plus its rays are very flabby.
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Comprehensive Description

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This many-rayed seastar has a broad central disk and 8-16 rays, has abundant scattered spines on the aboral surface but no pedicellariae. Its color is a rose-red with light pink or white. Up to 30 cm diameter.
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Habitat

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Depth Range: Extremely low intertidal to 1200 m. Mostly subtidal.
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Comprehensive Description

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Biology/Natural History: Diet includes sea pens, nudibranchs such as Archidoris odhneri and Coryphella sp, the scallops Chlamys hastata and C. rubida, bryozoans, and tunicates. Has been known to attack the seastar Evasterias troschelii and Leptasterias sp. Predators include the seastars Solaster dawsoni and Pycnopodia helianthoides. May have the symbiotic polychaete worm Arctonoe vittata. This species can move relatively fast for a seastar--up to 70 cm/minute. Spawns March to April. Juveniles often cluster subtidally in masses of the tubedwelling polychaete Phyllochaetopterus prolifica. Grow slowly--maximum size is achieved after about 10 years.
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Gemeiner Sonnenstern ( German )

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Der Gemeine Sonnenstern (Crossaster papposus) ist eine Art der Sonnensterne aus der Ordnung der Klappensterne (Valvatida), die circumboreal im Nordatlantik und Nordpazifik vertreten ist.

Merkmale

Der Gemeine Sonnenstern hat meist 8 bis 14 vergleichsweise kurze Arme und erreicht einen Durchmesser von bis zu 30 cm. Die Oberseite des Gemeinen Sonnensterns ist rötlich mit konzentrischen Streifen weißer, rosafarbener, gelber oder dunkelroter Farbe, die Unterseite weiß. Die Haut der Oberseite enthält pinselartige Stacheln, die an den Rändern etwas länger sind. Die dicke Mittelscheibe ist recht groß und weist ein netzartiges Muster erhöhter Leisten auf. Der Mundbereich ist nackt. Die Madreporenplatte ist klar abgegrenzt.

Fortpflanzung

Wie die meisten Seesterne ist der Gemeine Sonnenstern getrenntgeschlechtlich. Die Weibchen und Männchen geben die Keimzellen ins Wasser ab, wo die Eizellen befruchtet werden. Die hieraus im Spätwinter hervorgehenden Larven ernähren sich von Dotter. Einjährige Sonnensterne sind 1,8 cm bis 4,0 cm groß und wachsen sodann etwa 2 cm pro Jahr. Jungtiere bevorzugen noch sandige Böden am Meeresgrund. Bei einer Größe von etwa 5 cm wandern die Sonnensterne in seichtes Wasser und mit zunehmender Größe schließlich in größere Tiefen.

Crossaster papposus vermehrt sich ausschließlich geschlechtlich, doch kann er fehlende Arme regenerieren, solange noch ein Teil der Mittelscheibe vorhanden ist.

Verbreitung und Vorkommen

Der Gemeine Sonnenstern ist circumboreal im Nordatlantik von der Arktis bis zum Ärmelkanal, in der Nordsee, an der nordamerikanischen Ostküste bis Gulf of Maine, im Nordpazifik von Alaska bis Puget Sound, außerdem in Grönland, Island, der Barentssee, Kola-Bucht, dem Ochotskischen Meer und dem Weißen Meer verbreitet.

Der Gemeine Sonnenstern lebt auf felsigem Untergrund, grobem Sand und Kies von der Brandungszone bis in eine Tiefe von etwa 300 m. Jungtiere sind auch in Gezeitentümpeln anzutreffen.

Ernährung

Der Gemeine Sonnenstern ist ein Fleischfresser, der sich vorzugsweise von kleineren Seesternen, darunter auch Sonnensternen ernährt. Weitere Beutetiere sind Seeigel, Muscheln, Nesseltiere und Seescheiden. Die Beute wird als Ganzes verschlungen, oder – bei größerer Beute und sessilen Tieren – der Magen wird über dieselbe gestülpt. Der Sonnenstern ernährt sich auch von Aas.

Literatur

  • Sven Gehrmann: Die Fauna der Nordsee – Niedere Tiere & Wirbeltiere. Epubli, Berlin 2011. S. 153.
  • H.G. Hansson (2001): Echinodermata. In: M.J. Costello et al. (Hrsg.): European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50, S. 336–351.
  • A.M. Clark, M.E. Downey: Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London 1992. ISBN 0-412-43280-3

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Gemeiner Sonnenstern: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Gemeine Sonnenstern (Crossaster papposus) ist eine Art der Sonnensterne aus der Ordnung der Klappensterne (Valvatida), die circumboreal im Nordatlantik und Nordpazifik vertreten ist.

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Common sunstar

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The common sunstar is a species of sea star (aka starfish) belonging to the family Solasteridae.[1] It is found in the northern parts of both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

Distribution

The common sunstar is distributed from the Arctic down to the English Channel, in the North Sea, also on both East (from the Arctic to the Gulf of Maine) and Pacific coasts (from Alaska to Puget Sound) of North America. It is also circumboreal, found in Greenland, Iceland, the Barents Sea, Kola Bay, Okhotsk Sea and the White Sea.

Habitat

The common sunstar is commonly found on rocky bottoms, coarse sand and gravel in the bathyal, infralittoral and circalittoral zone (from low-tide line up to depths of 300 m). It seems to prefer areas of high water movement. Very small sunstars are sometimes found in rock pools.[2]

Common sunstar

Description

It is reddish on top with concentric bands of white, pink, yellow, or dark red, and it is white on the underside. It is covered on top with brushlike spines, with the marginal spines somewhat larger. The thick, central disc is fairly large. This central disc has a netlike pattern of raised ridges. The mouth area is bare. It has relatively short arms which usually number eight to fourteen. Its radius can be up to 15 cm (6 inches). The madreporite plate stands out clearly.

Food

The common sunstar is an omnivore. It will eat almost anything including smaller starfish and sunstars, swallowing them whole. It is also a scavenger.

References

  1. ^ "Macrobenthos of the North Sea". Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
  2. ^ Ocean Eye
  • World Register of Marine Species : Mah, C.; Hansson, H. (2009). Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1776). In: Mah, C.L. (2009). World Asteroidea database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at on 2010-06-12
  • Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336–351
  • Clark, A.M. and M.E. Downey. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall: London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crossaster papposus.

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Common sunstar: Brief Summary

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The common sunstar is a species of sea star (aka starfish) belonging to the family Solasteridae. It is found in the northern parts of both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

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Crossaster papposus ( French )

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Crachat d'amiral, Étoile solaire

Crossaster papposus est une espèce d'étoiles de mer de la famille des Solasteridae, qu'on appelle aussi « Crachat d'amiral ».

Description

C'est une grosse étoile de mer pourvue d'un épais disque central autour duquel rayonnent 8 à 16 bras courts ; le diamètre total peut dépasser les 40 cm. Sa couleur est très variable, du jaune au violet en passant par le rouge, avec parfois des cercles plus clairs. La face orale est généralement pâle, jaune ou crème. La face dorsale est rendue rugueuse par de nombreux bouquets de papules épineuses[2].

Habitat et répartition

Cette étoile vit dans l'Atlantique Nord et notamment sur les côtes françaises (Mer Manche) jusqu'à l'Arctique, ainsi que dans le Pacifique Nord-Est. On la trouve sur tous types de fonds (meubles comme rocheux), entre 2 et 500 m de fond, parfois plus (observée jusqu'à 2 000 m)[2].

Écologie et comportement

C'est un prédateur vorace d'animaux benthiques sessiles ou moins rapides que lui : mollusques, cnidaires, et surtout d'autres échinodermes (oursins, holothuries, autres étoiles de mer...)[2].

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Crossaster papposus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Crachat d'amiral, Étoile solaire

Crossaster papposus est une espèce d'étoiles de mer de la famille des Solasteridae, qu'on appelle aussi « Crachat d'amiral ».

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Gestekelde zonnester ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De gestekelde zonnester[1] (Crossaster papposus) is een zeester uit de familie Solasteridae.

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1767 gepubliceerd door Carl Linnaeus.

De doorsnede van armpunt tot armpunt kan oplopen tot 25 centimeter. De kleur is overwegend rood.

De gestekelde zonnester leeft vaak bij mosselbanken maar eet in tegenstelling tot veel zeesterren geen weekdieren, maar andere stekelhuidigen zoals andere soorten zeesterren.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. P. Heukels, ANWB Natuurgids, ANWB, 1994 - 2000, Pagina 455. ISBN 90 18 02368 X.
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Röd solsjöstjärna ( Swedish )

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Röd solsjöstjärna (Crossaster papposus), även kallad bara röd solstjärna eller solstjärna, är en art i klassen sjöstjärnor.

Kännetecken

Sjöstjärnan kan bli 25–35 centimeter i diameter och har vanligen mellan 8 och 14 armar. Färgen varierar men är typiskt rosarödaktig till purpurrödaktig med koncentriska ljusare vitaktiga, rosaaktigt eller mörkare röda band.

Utbredning

Den röda solsjöstjärnan förekommer längs kusterna till norra Atlanten och norra Stilla havet.

Levnadssätt

Den lever på steniga till något sandiga bottnar, från lågvattenlinjen och ner till ett djup på 300 meter. Ofta hittas den på djup mellan 10 och 50 meter.

Mindre och unga sjöstjärnor söker sig vanligen till grundare vatten, medan större och äldre sjöstjärnor söker sig till större djup.

Dess föda består främst av andra tagghudingar, såsom sjöborrar och andra sjöstjärnor, men den äter också andra ryggradslösa djur, bland annat musslor.

Källor

Externa länkar

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Röd solsjöstjärna: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Röd solsjöstjärna (Crossaster papposus), även kallad bara röd solstjärna eller solstjärna, är en art i klassen sjöstjärnor.

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フサトゲニチリンヒトデ ( Japanese )

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Question book-4.svg
この記事は検証可能参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。
出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。2016年11月
フサトゲニチリンヒトデ Crossaster papposus
Crossaster papposus
分類 : Crossaster : フサトゲニチリンヒトデ C. papposus 学名 Crossaster papposus 和名 フサトゲニチリンヒトデ(房棘日輪海星) 英名 Common sunstar

フサトゲニチリンヒトデ(房棘日輪海星、Crossaster papposus)は、ヒトデ綱ニチリンヒトデ科ヒトデ

は10本前後。一般的なヒトデに比べ、盤が占める割合が大きい。色は朱色で、盤に同心円状の模様が見られることが多い。表面には棘の集合体である小柱体が多くついている。和名は、上から見た形と色が日輪を思わせるニチリンヒトデの仲間で、小柱体が房状に見えることに由来する。

エゾニチリンヒトデとともに、成体がキヒトデなど他のヒトデを捕食することで知られる。

日本では、親潮の流れる太平洋側でよくみられる。また、登別マリンパークニクスおたる水族館鶴岡市立加茂水族館で飼育されている。登別マリンパークニクスは、2004年にフサトゲニチリンヒトデの自然繁殖に成功し、日本動物園水族館協会から繁殖賞を受けた。

参考文献[編集]

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この節の加筆が望まれています。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにフサトゲニチリンヒトデに関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、フサトゲニチリンヒトデに関連するカテゴリがあります。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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フサトゲニチリンヒトデ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

フサトゲニチリンヒトデ(房棘日輪海星、Crossaster papposus)は、ヒトデ綱ニチリンヒトデ科ヒトデ

は10本前後。一般的なヒトデに比べ、盤が占める割合が大きい。色は朱色で、盤に同心円状の模様が見られることが多い。表面には棘の集合体である小柱体が多くついている。和名は、上から見た形と色が日輪を思わせるニチリンヒトデの仲間で、小柱体が房状に見えることに由来する。

エゾニチリンヒトデとともに、成体がキヒトデなど他のヒトデを捕食することで知られる。

日本では、親潮の流れる太平洋側でよくみられる。また、登別マリンパークニクスおたる水族館鶴岡市立加茂水族館で飼育されている。登別マリンパークニクスは、2004年にフサトゲニチリンヒトデの自然繁殖に成功し、日本動物園水族館協会から繁殖賞を受けた。

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Breeding

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Direct development? Winter

Reference

7. Blue Planet Biomes (May, 2009) http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/andean_condor.htm

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Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Arctic to Gulf of Maine

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
From low intertidal to more than 200 m depth, mainly on coarse sand and gravel, all round the British Isles

Reference

7. Blue Planet Biomes (May, 2009) http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/andean_condor.htm

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Habitat

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bathyal, infralittoral and circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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Known from seamounts and knolls

Reference

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.

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