DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kristofer M. Helgen, Megan E. Vodzak, Darrin P. Lunde, Imran Ejotre
Zookeys
Figure 6.Morphometric separation (first three principal components of a Principal Components Analysis) of 12 cranial and dental measurements. Data are from 70 adult skulls of Glauconycteris, Niumbaha, and Scotophilus (with measurements following Table 1 and 2). Specimens of Scotophilus, included for ecomorphological comparison, are indicated in red (open red squares, Scotophilus leucogaster; open red circles, Scotophilus viridis). Specimens of Glauconycteris are indicated in blue (open blue diamonds, Glauconycteris alboguttata; open blue triangles, Glauconycteris argentata; open blue circles, Glauconycteris beatrix, closed blue circles, Glauconycteris curryae; closed blue squares, Glauconycteris humeralis; closed blue diamonds, Glauconycteris poensis; closed blue triangles, Glauconycteris variegata). Specimens of Niumbaha superba from central Africa (DRC, S Sudan) are marked with crosses; specimens of Niumbaha superba from west Africa (Cote D’Ivoire, Ghana) are marked with asterisks. A Skulls of Niumbaha separate from skulls of species of Glauconycteris in combination along the first and second components, suggesting greater overall ecomorphological resemblance of Niumbaha with medium-sized, less specialized African vespertilionids such as Scotophilus. The first principal component reflects distinctions in overall skull size, which increases from right to left. B Separation of skulls of Niumbaha from those of Glauconycteris and Scotophilus in combination along the second and third components indicates the morphological isolation of Niumbaha and illustrates consistent differences in skull shape, reflecting (in separation along the third component) the proportionally narrower interorbital dimensions, less dramatic postorbital constriction, longer toothrows, narrowed skull, but widened anterior rostrum in Niumbaha relative to Glauconycteris.
Kristofer M. Helgen, C. Miguel Pinto, Roland Kays, Lauren E. Helgen, Mirian T. N. Tsuchiya, Aleta Quinn, Don E. Wilson, Jesús E. Maldonado
Zookeys
Figure 3.Illustrations of the species of Bassaricyon. From top to bottom, Bassaricyon neblina sp. n. (Bassaricyon neblina ruber subsp. n. of the western slopes of the Western Andes of Colombia), Bassaricyon medius (Bassaricyon medius orinomus of eastern Panama), Bassaricyon alleni (Peru), and Bassaricyon gabbii (Costa Rica, showing relative tail length longer than average). Artwork by Nancy Halliday.
Figure 6.Dorsal view of the left zygomatic arches in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the development of the glenoid fossa. In Sturnira bakeri the anterior process of the glenoid fossa is absent (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the anterior process of the glenoid fossa is well developed (arrow).
Kristofer M. Helgen, C. Miguel Pinto, Roland Kays, Lauren E. Helgen, Mirian T. N. Tsuchiya, Aleta Quinn, Don E. Wilson, Jesús E. Maldonado
Zookeys
Figure 7.Morphometric distinction between Olinguitos and other Bassaricyon, females. Morphometric dispersion (first two components of a principal component analysis) of 55 adult female Bassaricyon skulls based on 24 craniodental measurements (see Appendix 1, Table A2). The most notable morphometric distinction is between the Olinguito (blue circles) and all other Bassaricyon taxa. The plot also demonstrates substantial morphometric variability across geographic populations of the Olinguito, which we characterize with the description of four subspecies across different Andean regions. Symbols: blue circles (Bassaricyon neblina), green squares (Bassaricyon gabbii), yellow triangles (Bassaricyon alleni), orange diamonds (Bassaricyon medius medius), red diamonds (Bassaricyon medius orinomus).
Figure 7.Posterior views of the basioccipital (view through the foramen magnum) in Sturnira bakeri (A, QCAZ 14635 ♀) and Sturnira luisi (B, ROM 104204 ♂) illustrating taxonomic differences in the degree of development of the clinoid processes. In Sturnira bakeri the clinoid processes are well developed (arrow). In Sturnira luisi, however, the clinoid processes are absent (arrow).
