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Orinda, California, United States
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Pomaderris aspera (left) and Pomaderris apetala subsp. apetala (right) growing together in the Spinning Gum Conservation Area, Tasmania. These two species are very similar and are often confused for each other. The density and size of stellate hairs on the underside of the leaves is generally the easiest way to distinguish the two.Hair colour has been cited as a distinguishing character however pale and rusty haired forms of both species occur within Tasmania.
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Skukuza, Mpumalanga, South Africa
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Blackheath, New South Wales, Australia
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Bahia, Brazil
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Northern Kosciuszko National Park, Cave Creek in vicinity of Cooleman Caves and the Blue Waterholes, New South Wales.
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White Point Nature Park, San Pedro, California.Jan 1, 2012
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New South Wales, Australia
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Singapore, South West, Singapore
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Kauila, KauwilaRhamaceaeEndemic to the Hawaiian IslandsIUCN: Critically EndangeredOahu (Cultivated; Oahu form)Early Hawaiians used the heavy, durable wood of kauila to make farming tools, handles for stone chisels, pegs for repairing bowls, digging sticks (), carrying poles, tall poles for banners, khili poles (royal feather stands, netting needles or shuttles, kapa beaters and grooving tools, prepping boards for kapa (lau kahi wauke), war clubs, spears (polol) and daggers, and bait sticks for fishing.The wood was also crafted into musical instruments, such as hula sticks (ka lau), and was the preferred wood for muscial bows called kk.Kauila wood was also fashioned into spears for the games of spear throwing ( ihe) and spear fencing (kaka lau). The only use of the bow and arrows was for a sport called pana iole (rat shoot). Thought the bow was made from an unidentified wood, the arrows were made of k (sugarcane) and tipped with bone or kauila wood. The sport of sledding or hlua was reserved for young men and women alii. The sled runners were made from kauila.Kauila leaves and bark produce a bluish dye for kapa.Medicinally, kauila were used for khewa (stroke, as of heart failure, apoplexy).Fruits
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/4822719484/in/photolist-...nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Colubrina_oppositifolia
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Nevada, United States
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Hairy-fruit chewstickRhamnaceaeEndemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Molokai, Lnai (extinct), West Maui, Kahoolawe (extinct), Hawaii Island)NatureServe: Critically ImperiledOahu (Cultivated)Though no known use by the early Hawaiians or in modern times, other species outside of the Hawaiian Islands have the fitting name "chew-stick" (chewstick). The Urban chewstick, or white root (Gouania lupuloides), is used widely by local people from Florida, the Caribbean, Mexico, and into Central and South America as a tooth cleaner. A stick about the thickness of the small finger, with bark removed, is chewed thus strengthening the gums. The stick produces a slightly bitter, yet aromatic, soap-like froth (saponins) when chewed. The softened stick is then used by rubbing the teeth much like a toothbrush.In times past, dried and powdered forms were exported to Europe and the United States. Jamaicans still use chewstick for medicine and in a mouthwash called "Chew-Dent." They also use it in making ginger beer, a stronger tasting ginger ale. Chewstick is also used in brewing beer as a hops substitute and is perhaps why some Jamaican beers have a distinctive taste.
nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Gouania_hillebrandii
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Orinda, California, United States
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Yarrangobilly Caves, Kosciuszko National Park, New South Wales.Genus Discaria has ony 2 species in Australia, confined to the cooler southeast, but has another species in New Zealand and 8 in South America -- a Gondwanan distribution! It is closely allied to Colletia.
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Orinda, California, United States
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Orinda, California, United States
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Lonavala, Maharashtra, India
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Orinda, California, United States
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Rose Canyon, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, July 17, 2012
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Orinda, California, United States