Erugosquilla woodmasoni (Kemp 1911)

Oratosquilla woodmasoni (Kemp, 1911)

Squilla woodmasoni.—Kemp, 1911:99; 1913:74, pl. 5: figs. 63–65.

Oratosquilla woodmasoni.—Manning, 1978d:36, figs. 21, 22.—Moosa, 1986:410.

MATERIAL.—Sta 347, 1 kilometer E of Tanjong Rhu (1°18′N 103°52′E), off Singapore, 3 m, gravel and sand with mud, 23 May 1951: 1, 80 mm.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from the western Indian Ocean to the Philippines; shallow sublittoral.

Oratosquilla woodmasoni (Kemp, 1911)

Squilla wood-masoni Kemp, 1911:99; 1913:74, pl. 5: figs. 63–65.

Squilla woodmasoni.—Manning, 1966:100, fig. 5.

Oratosquilla tweediei Manning, 1971:12, fig. 4.

Oratosquilla jakartensis Moosa, 1975:13, fig. 1.

MATERIAL.—Hong Kong [Hong Kong Island, 22°15'N, 114°11'E]; syntype of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 78.5 mm (ZMBS). Singapore [01°17'N, 103°51'E], Malaysia; M.W.F. Tweedie, leg.; 1934; holotype of Oratosquilla tweediei: 1 , TL 107 mm (USNM 76026). Data same; paratype of Oratosquilla tweediei: 1 , TL 96 mm (USNM 127449). Puri [19°48'N, 85°51'E], Orissa coast, India; F. H. Gravely, leg.; syntypes of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 80 mm (USNM 125746). Data same; syntypes of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 78 mm; 1 , TL 73 mm (USNM 143581). Orissa State [21°00'N, 84°00'E], India; F. H. Gravely; 1886; syntypes of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 81 mm; 1 , TL 81 mm (MCSN). Madras [13°05'N, 80°17'E], India; syntypes of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 88 mm; 1 , TL 96 mm (BMNH 1910.11.14.11–12). Madras, India; syntype of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 93 mm (ZSI 3098/5). Data same; syntype of Squilla woodmasoni: 1 , TL 94 mm (USNM 143580).

DESCRIPTION.—Size moderate, total length of adults to about 110 mm. Surface of body smooth, highly polished.

Eye (Figure 21b) large to moderate, cornea bilobed, set very obliquely on stalk. Eyes extending almost to end of first segment of antennular peduncle. Anterior margin of ophthalmic somite rounded, usually with median spinule. Corneal indices 294–355.

Antennular peduncle as long as, or slightly longer than, carapace. Dorsal processes of antennular somite produced into triangular lobes, apices sharp but not spiniform, directed anterolaterally.

Rostral plate (Figure 21a) short, broader than long, trapezoidal or subquadrate, apex truncate or slightly rounded. Median carina absent.

Anterior width of carapace more than half median length. Anterolateral spines (Figure 21a) small, not extending to base of rostral plate. Median carina with at most low prominences indicating position of bifurcation, branches of bifurcation often indicated by pigment only, median depression usually present between branches. Intermediate carinae parallel to laterals, falling short of anterior margin.

Dactylus of claw with 6 teeth, outer margin strongly sinuous. Dorsal ridge of carpus (Figure 21f) irregularly tuberculate, usually with 2 large tubercles. Inferodistal angle on outer face of merus produced into blunt spine.

Exposed thoracic somites (Figure 21d) with low, unarmed submedian and intermediate carinae, those of fifth somite scarcely if at all discernible. Lateral process of fifth somite bilobed, anterior lobe a short, blunt spine, directed anterolaterally; posterior lobe smaller, triangular, apex acute but rounded. Lateral process of sixth somite bilobed, anterior lobe small, slender, subtriangular, apex acute, posterior lobe much larger, triangular, apex acute, occasionally sharp. Lateral process of seventh somite bilobed, anterior lobe much smaller, slenderer than that of sixth somite, usually ovate or subtrapezoidal, posterior lobe much larger, apex acute, occasionally sharp but not spiniform.

Submedian carinae slightly divergent on fifth abdominal somite. Abdominal carinae spined as follows: submedian (4) 5–6, intermediate 3–6, lateral 2–6, marginal 1–5.

Telson flattened, broader than long. Prelateral lobe subequal in length to margin of lateral tooth. Denticles (Figure 21e) subquadrate or rounded, 2–4, 9–10, 1. Ventral surface with short postanal keel.

Uropod broad, proximal segment of exopod shorter than distal, with 8–9 movable spines on outer margin, proximal directed dorsally, distal not extending to midlength of distal segment. Lobe on outer margin of inner spine of basal prolongation (Figures 21f, 22) variable in size and shape, not so broad as adjacent spine, margin concave, apex rounded, angled, or spined.

COLOR.—Body appearing dusky, completely covered with minute dark chromatophores, concentration denser middorsally on abdomen. Posterior margins of thoracic and abdominal somites and bases of teeth of telson dark. Articulation of segments of uropodal exopod with prominent dark spot. Distal half of uropodal endopod dark. Uropod bright blue in life.

MEASUREMENTS.—Males, TL 78–93 mm; females TL 73–107 mm. Kemp (1911, 1913) mentioned specimens as large as 109 mm. Other measurements of male syntype, TL 78 mm: CL 15.9, anterior width 9.4; cornea width 5.1; antennular peduncle length 17.2; rostral plate length 2.4, width 3.1; telson length 14.6, width 15.0.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West-Pacific region, from localities in the western Pacific through the Indian Ocean to East Africa. Little is known of its depth range and habitat.

Two New Genera for Species Previously Referred to Oratosquilla

Kempina, new genus

DEFINITION.—Size moderate to large. Body very rugose, surface eroded and pitted, carinae strongly developed. Anterior margin of ophthalmic somite unarmed (Figure 23a, d). Eye small to very small, cornea bilobed, set almost transversely on stalk. Ocular scales subquadrate, separate. Carapace with normal complement of carinae (median, intermediates, laterals, reflected marginals), median with well developed anterior bifurcation. Mandibular palp present. 4 epipods present. Dactylus of claw with 6 teeth. Lateral process of fifth thoracic somite (Figures 23c, f, 24) a single slender spine, directed laterally; slender ventral spine, directed anterolaterally, also present, visible in dorsal view. Lateral processes of sixth and seventh thoracic somites (Figures 23c, f, 24a) strongly bilobed. Abdomen with 8 carinae on anterior 5 somites. Telson flattened, with median carina and carinae of marginal teeth, lacking supplementary dorsal carinae; 3 pairs of marginal teeth present, submedians with fixed apices; prelateral lobes present. Basal prolongation of uropod produced into 2 strong spines, inner margin tuberculate or crenulate, unarmed.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Squilla mikado Kemp and Chopra, 1921.

OTHER SPECIES.—Squilla stridulans Wood-Mason in Alcock, 1894, and Squilla zanzibarica Chopra, 1939; the latter probably is a synonym of S. mikado but perhaps should be considered distinct until material of the two can be compared directly.

ETYMOLOGY.—The genus is named for Stanley W. Kemp, whose basic studies on Indo-West-Pacific stomatopods laid the foundation for subsequent work on the group. The gender is feminine.