Aneides Baird 1851

Aneides és un gènere d'amfibis urodels de la família Plethodontidae format per sis espècies de salamandres autòctones d'Amèrica del Nord.

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Climbing salamanders is the common name for plethodontid (lungless) salamanders of the genus Aneides.^[1] It contains 10 species native to North America, distributed between the Pacific Coast (7 species), Sacramento Mountains (1 species), and Appalachian Mountains (2 species). As their common name suggests, most of these species have prehensile tails and are quite mobile in trees.

Taxonomy

The green salamander (A. aeneus) and the Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander (A. caryaensis) are now considered to belong to their own subgenus Castaneides, which diverged from the Aneides hardii lineage between 27.2 and 32.3 million years ago, during the Oligocene. Castaneides contains significant cryptic diversity and may contain more as-of-yet undescribed species.^[2] All other western Aneides including A. hardii are considered Aneides sensu stricto, and belong to the subgenus of the same name.^[3]

Distribution

All ten known species in this genus inhabit mountain ecosystems in North America, and all but three are found primarily in the mountains of the west coast of the United States, Baja California and British Columbia. Of the three non-western species, the Sacramento Mountain salamander (A. hardii) is endemic to a mountainous region in New Mexico, while the two currently-described Castaneides species are endemic to the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States.^[2]

Species

Ten species in two subgenera are currently assigned to this genus:^[1][3]

Subgenus Image Binomial Name and Author Common Name Distribution IUCN status Castaneides

(Patton et al., 2019)

Aneides aeneus
(Cope & Packard, 1881) Green salamander Eastern United States (Appalachian Mountains, southwest Pennsylvania to northeast Mississippi) Near Threatened Aneides caryaensis
Patton et al., 2019^[2] Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander Hickory Nut Gorge area of southwest North Carolina Critically Endangered Aneides

(Baird, 1851)

Aneides ferreus
Cope, 1869 Clouded salamander Pacific Coast of the United States (northernmost California to southernmost Washington) Least Concern Aneides flavipunctatus
(Strauch, 1870) Speckled black salamander Pacific Coast of northern California Least Concern Aneides hardii
(Taylor, 1941) Sacramento Mountain salamander Sacramento Mountains of south-central New Mexico Near Threatened Aneides iecanus
(Cope, 1883) Shasta black salamander Shasta Mountains of northern California Endangered Aneides klamathensis
Reilly & Wake, 2019 Klamath black salamander Pacific Coast of the United States (northern California and southernmost Oregon) Least Concern Aneides lugubris
(Hallowell, 1849) Arboreal salamander Southern Pacific Coast of North America (California to northernmost Baja California) Least Concern Aneides niger
Myers & Maslin, 1948 Santa Cruz black salamander Santa Cruz Mountains of California Endangered Aneides vagrans
Wake & Jackman, 1999 Wandering salamander Pacific Coast of North America (northern California and Vancouver Island) Least Concern

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Aneides.

References

Aneides es un género de anfibios caudados de la familia Plethodontidae. Lo forman seis especies de salamandras autóctonas de Norteamérica.

Especies

• Aneides aeneus (Cope y Packard, 1881).
• Aneides ferreus Cope, 1869. foto
• Aneides flavipunctatus (Strauch, 1870).
• Aneides hardii (Taylor, 1941).
• Aneides lugubris (Hallowell, 1849).
• Aneides vagrans Wake y Jackman, 1999. foto

Referencias

• Frost, Darrel R. 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July, 2008). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.

Aneides anfibio genero bat da, Caudata ordenaren barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatua.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

• Plethodontidae

Kanpo estekak

Aneides est un genre d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae^[1].

Répartition

Les huit espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Amérique du Nord^[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon Amphibian Species of the World (13 mars 2014)^[2] :

• Aneides aeneus (Cope & Packard, 1881)
• Aneides ferreus Cope, 1869
• Aneides flavipunctatus (Strauch, 1870)
• Aneides hardii (Taylor, 1941)
• Aneides iecanus (Cope, 1883)
• Aneides lugubris (Hallowell, 1849)
• Aneides niger Myers & Maslin, 1948
• Aneides vagrans Wake & Jackman, 1999

Publication originale

• Baird, 1851 : Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Art systematically arranged by J.G. Heck. Translated from the German, with additions, and edited by Spencer F. Baird, vol. 2, Botany, Zoology, Anthropology, and Surgery. New York, Rudolph Garrigue (texte intégral).

Notes et références

Herpetologie

Klimmende salamanders^[1] (Aneides) zijn een geslacht van salamanders uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). De groep werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Spencer Fullerton Baird in 1851. Later werd de wetenschappelijke naam Anaides gebruikt.^[2]

Klimmende salamanders leven meestal op de bodem, maar er zijn enkele soorten die in planten klimmen. Deze laatsten hebben een sterker afgeplat lichaam en langere poten dan de bodembewonende soorten.

Taxonomie

Er zijn acht soorten die voorkomen in delen van Noord-Amerika en leven in de landen Canada, de Verenigde Staten en Mexico.^[3]

• Soort Aneides aeneus
• Soort Aneides ferreus
• Soort Zwarte salamander (Aneides flavipunctatus)
• Soort Aneides hardii
• Soort Aneides iecanus
• Soort Boomsalamander (Aneides lugubris)
• Soort Aneides niger
• Soort Aneides vagrans

Bronvermelding

Referenties

Bronnen

• (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Aneides - Website Geconsulteerd 11 maart 2017
• (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Aneides - Website

Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Aneides – rodzaj płaza ogoniastego z podrodziny Plethodontinae w rodzinie bezpłucnikowatych (Plethodontidae), należący do najstarszych w tej rodzinie – skamieniałości płazów należących do tego rodzaju są znane już z oligoceńskich osadów w stanie Montana^[6].

Zasięg występowania

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące na wybrzeżu Pacyfiku w zachodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych (z wyjątkiem centralnego nadbrzeżnego stanu Waszyngton), na wyspie Vancouver w Kolumbii Brytyjskiej, Kanadzie, północnej części Kalifornii Dolnej w Meksyku, górach Sacramento w południowym Nowym Meksyku i wschodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych wraz z Appalachami^[7].

Systematyka

Etymologia

• Aneides (Anaides): gr. ανειδεος aneideos „bezkształtny”, od negatywnego przedrostka αν- an^[8]; ειδος eidos „kształt, forma”, od ειδω eidō „być podobnym”^[9].
• Autodax: gr. αυτο- auto- „ono, to”, od αυτος autos „on, ten”^[10]; οδαξ odax „gryząc zębami”^[11]. Nazwa zastępcza dla Anaides.
• Castaneides: zbitka wyrazowa nazw rodzajów: Castanea Mill. i Aneides Baird, 1851^[5]. Gatunek typowy: Plethodon aeneus Cope & Packard, 1881.

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki^[7]:

• Aneides aeneus – nadrzewnica kruszcowa^[12]
• Aneides ferreus
• Aneides flavipunctatus
• Aneides hardii
• Aneides iecanus
• Aneides lugubris – nadrzewnica żałobna^[13]
• Aneides niger
• Aneides vagrans

Przypisy

Bibliografia

1. E.C. J Jaeger: Source-book of biological names and terms. Wyd. 1. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1944, s. 1-256. (ang.)
2. S.F. Baird: Iconographic Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature and Art systematically arranged by J.G. Heck. Cz. 2. New York: Rudolph Garrigue, 1851, s. 1–502. (ang.)

Aneides é um género de anfíbios caudados pertencente à família Plethodontidae.

Espécies

Estão descritas 8 espécies^[1]:

• Aneides aeneus (Cope and Packard, 1881)
• Aneides ferreus Cope, 1869
• Aneides flavipunctatus (Strauch, 1870)
• Aneides hardii (Taylor, 1941)
• Aneides iecanus (Cope, 1883)
• Aneides klamathensis Reilly & Wake, 2019
• Aneides lugubris (Hallowell, 1849)
• Aneides niger Myers and Maslin, 1948
• Aneides vagrans Wake and Jackman, 1999

Referências

Aneides^[2] är ett släkte av groddjur som ingår i familjen lunglösa salamandrar.^[2]

Arterna förekommer främst i västra Nordamerika vid Stilla havet från sydvästra Kanada till västra Mexiko, inklusive Baja California. En avskild population lever i Appalacherna.^[1]

Arter enligt Catalogue of Life^[2]:

• Aneides aeneus
• Aneides ferreus
• Aneides flavipunctatus
• Aneides hardii
• Aneides lugubris
• Aneides vagrans

Bildgalleri

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Källor

1. ^ [a b] Aneides, Amphibian Species of the World 6.0
2. ^ [a b c] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/aneides/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Aneides.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Aneides.
  Artförteckning

• 1 Опис
• 2 Спосіб життя
• 3 Розповсюдження
• 4 Види
• 5 Джерела

Aneides là một chi động vật lưỡng cư trong họ Plethodontidae, thuộc bộ Caudata. Chi này có 6 loài và không bị đe dọa tuyệt chủng.^[1]

Hình ảnh

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Tham khảo

Царство: Животные

Подцарство: Эуметазои

Без ранга: Двусторонне-симметричные

Без ранга: Вторичноротые

Тип: Хордовые

Подтип: Позвоночные

Инфратип: Челюстноротые

Надкласс: Четвероногие

Класс: Земноводные

Подкласс: Беспанцирные

Отряд: Хвостатые земноводные

Подотряд: Salamandroidea

Семейство: Безлёгочные саламандры

Подсемейство: Plethodontinae

род: Лазающие саламандры