Parachauliodes is a genus of fishfly in the family Corydalidae.[1] They are present throughout Eastern Asia, likely originating on the Korean peninsula before dispersing to the Japanese archipelago 15 mya.[2]
Description
Parachauliodes are differentiated from other genera of fishflies by the presence of bi-lobed ectoproct in males and usually having serrated antenna in both sexes.[3] The genus Sinochauliodes was found to be synonymous to a group within Parachauliodes.[2]
Larvae have a pair of respiratory tubes on their dorsal side to enable aerial respiration in poorly oxygenated water.[4] Larvae climb out of the water during the night following rain, and P. continentalis dig a bowl-like pit as a pupal chamber. In some species, males mature faster and leave the water earlier to ensure greater mating success.[5] Male Parachauliodes produce a gelatinous spermatophore with spherical bundles of sperm.[6] The volume of the spermatophore ranges within the genus being large enough to prevent remating by females in P. japonicus white being smaller and decreasing in size more slowly in P. continentalis.[7] Adult Megaloptera have been described as dispelling meconial fluids from their anus as a potential defense mechanism, and Parachauliodes produce a much larger volume than other genera.[8]
Taxonomy
Parachauliodes contains the following species:[9]
References
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^ "Genus Parachauliodes". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
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^ a b Jiang, Yunlan; Yang, Fan; Yue, Lu; Hayashi, Fumio; Yang, Ding; Liu, Xingyue (2020-08-27). "Origin and spatio‐temporal diversification of a fishfly lineage endemic to the islands of East Asia (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Systematic Entomology. 46 (1): 124–139. doi:10.1111/syen.12452. ISSN 0307-6970.
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^ SHIMONOYA, MITSURU (2019-04-11). "A new species of the genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Northern Kyushu, Japan". Zootaxa. 4585 (1): 151. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334.
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^ HAYASHI, FUMIO (1989). "Microhabitat selection by the fishfly larva, Parachauliodes japonicus, in relation to its mode of respiration". Freshwater Biology. 21 (3): 489–496. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1989.tb01382.x. ISSN 0046-5070.
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^ Takeuchi, Yoshinori; Hoshiba, Hidehiro (2012). "The life histories of three species of Corydalidae (Megaloptera) from Japan". Aquatic Insects. 34 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1080/01650424.2012.717951. ISSN 0165-0424.
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^ Hayashi, Fumio (1996). "Insemination through an externally attached spermatophore: Bundled sperm and post-copulatory mate guarding by male fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Journal of Insect Physiology. 42 (9): 859–866. doi:10.1016/0022-1910(96)00037-6. ISSN 0022-1910.
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^ HAYASHI, F. (1999). "Ejaculate production schedule and the degree of protandry in fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Functional Ecology. 13 (2): 178–189. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00289.x. ISSN 0269-8463.
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^ Yu, Pei; Cao, Chengquan; Liu, Xingyue; Hayashi, Fumio (2023-01-13). "Adults of Alderflies, Fishflies, and Dobsonflies (Megaloptera) Expel Meconial Fluid When Disturbed". Insects. 14 (1): 86. doi:10.3390/insects14010086. ISSN 2075-4450.
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^ "Parachauliodes". Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
