Deltaproteobacteria

Description: English: The second of four plates from Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892) illustrating various species of myxobacteria. This plate illustrates Chondromyces crocatus (figs. 7–11), Stigmatella aurantiaca (figs. 12–19) and Melittangium lichenicola (figs. 20–23). (originally all identified as species of Chondromyces). Date: 1 December 1892. Source: Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892). Author: Roland Thaxter.

Description: English: The first of four plates from Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892) illustrating various myxobacterial species. This plate illustrates Chondromyces crocatus (figs. 1–6). Date: 23 September 2013, 22:46:13. Source: Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892). Author: Roland Thaxter.

Description: English: The third of four plates from Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892) illustrating various myxobacterial species. This plate illustrates Archangium gephyra (fig. 24), Stigmatella aurantiaca (figs. 25-28), and Myxococcus coralloides (figs. 29-33). (Thaxter had originally identified A. gephyra and S. aurantiaca as members of Chondromyces.). Date: 23 September 2013, 23:47:41. Source: Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892). Author: Roland Thaxter.

Description: English: The fourth of four plates from Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892) illustrating various myxobacterial species. This plate illustrates Polyangium vitellinum (figs. 34-36) and Myxococcus fulvus (figs. 37-41). (P. vitellinum had originally been designated Myxobacter aureus, and M. fulvus had originally been regarded as a separate species from M. rubescens.). Date: 23 September 2013, 23:54:29. Source: Thaxter, R. Botanical Gazette 17(12):389-406 (1892). Author: Roland Thaxter.

Description: Deutsch: Ein gelber Signalstoff aus Myxococcus xanthus unter­stützt die Bildung von Dauerformen, die bei widrigen Bedingungen überleben können. Andere Naturstoffe aus Myxobakterien steuern das Schwarmverhalten oder wirken als Antibiotika. Date: 28 December 2019. Source: https://vaam.de/infoportal-mikrobiologie/mikrobe-des-jahres/kontakt-presse/pressebilder/. Author: Ronald Garcia. archive-link of source: https://web.archive.org/web/20191230143024/https://vaam.de/infoportal-mikrobiologie/mikrobe-des-jahres/kontakt-presse/pressebilder/ Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 CC BY 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 truetrue.

Description: English: Different bacterial locomotion strategies: gliding (focal adhesion model) (adapted from Islam and Mignot, 2015), swarming (adapted from Kearns, 2010), and swimming. The direction of bacteria movement is indicated by black arrows. The direction of bacteria movement is indicated by the arrows. References: Islam, S. T., and Mignot, T. (2015). The mysterious nature of bacterial surface (gliding) motility: a focal adhesion-based mechanism in Myxococcus xanthus. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 46, 143–154. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.033 Kearns, D. B. (2010). A field guide to bacterial swarming motility. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8, 634–644. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2405. Date: 20 August 2018. Source: Extracted from this Commons file. Author: Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Martinko, J. M., and Stahl, D. A. (2014). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Amsterdam: Addison-Wesley Longman.

Description: English: Bacterial locomotion (A) Schematic (not to scale) structure of the flagellum in Gram-negative bacteria. OM, outer membrane; PG, peptidoglycan cell wall; CM, cytoplasmic membrane. Adapted from Madigan et al. (2014). (B) Different types of bacterial flagellation. (C) Different bacterial locomotion strategies: gliding (focal adhesion model) (adapted from Islam and Mignot, 2015), swarming (adapted from Kearns, 2010), and swimming. The direction of bacteria movement is indicated by black arrows. (D) Schematics (not to scale) of different swimming strategies. Run and tumble from Escherichia coli; forward, reverse, and turning by buckling of Vibrio alginolyticus (adapted from Son et al., 2013); stop and coil from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (adapted from Armitage and Macnab, 1987; Armitage et al., 1999); push, pull, and wrap from Pseudomonas putida (adapted from Hintsche et al., 2017). The direction of bacteria movement is indicated by the arrows. References: Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Martinko, J. M., and Stahl, D. A. (2014). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Amsterdam: Addison-Wesley Longman. Islam, S. T., and Mignot, T. (2015). The mysterious nature of bacterial surface (gliding) motility: a focal adhesion-based mechanism in Myxococcus xanthus. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 46, 143–154. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.033 Kearns, D. B. (2010). A field guide to bacterial swarming motility. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8, 634–644. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2405 Son, K., Guasto, J. S., and Stocker, R. (2013). Bacteria can exploit a flagellar buckling instability to change direction. Nat. Phys. 9, 494–498. doi: 10.1038/nphys2676 Armitage, J. P., and Macnab, R. M. (1987). Unidirectional, intermittent rotation of the flagellum of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Bacteriol. 169, 514–518. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.2.514-518.1987 Armitage, J. P., Pitta, T. P., Vigeant, M. A., Packer, H. L., and Ford, R. M. (1999). Transformations in flagellar structure of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and possible relationship to changes in swimming speed. J. Bacteriol. 181, 4825–4833. Hintsche, M., Waljor, V., Großmann, R., Kühn, M. J., Thormann, K. M., Peruani, F., et al. (2017). A polar bundle of flagella can drive bacterial swimming by pushing, pulling, or coiling around the cell body. Sci. Rep. 7:16771. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16428-9. Date: 20 August 2018, 17:43:56. Source: [1] doi:10.3389/frobt.2018.00097. Author: Julio Bastos-Arrieta, Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos, William E. Uspal and Juliane Simmchen.

Description: English: Bacterial gliding (focal adhesion model) Adapted from: Islam, S. T., and Mignot, T. (2015). The mysterious nature of bacterial surface (gliding) motility: a focal adhesion-based mechanism in Myxococcus xanthus. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 46, 143–154. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.033. Date: 20 August 2018. Source: Extracted from this Commons file. Author: Julio Bastos-Arrieta, Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos, William E. Uspal and Juliane Simmchen.

Description: English: Motility cartoon type: (3) Myxococcus xanthus adventurous (A) motility. Date: 19 January 2020. Source: Extracted from this Commons file. Author: Makoto Miyata, Robert C. Robinson, Taro Q. P. Uyeda, Yoshihiro Fukumori, Shun-ichi Fukushima, Shin Haruta, Michio Homma, Kazuo Inaba, Masahiro Ito, Chikara Kaito, Kentaro Kato, Tsuyoshi Kenri, Yoshiaki Kinosita, Seiji Kojima, Tohru Minamino, Hiroyuki Mori, Shuichi Nakamura, Daisuke Nakane, Koji Nakayama, Masayoshi Nishiyama, Satoshi Shibata, Katsuya Shimabukuro, Masatada Tamakoshi, Azuma Taoka, Yosuke Tashiro, Isil Tulum, Hirofumi Wada and Ken-ichi Wakabayashi.

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Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Deutsch: Bakterium desulfovibrio desulfuricans in einer röntgenmikroskopischen Aufnahme. Date: by 2007 date QS:P,+2007-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P1326,+2007-00-00T00:00:00Z/9. Source: http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/Archive/Apr-30-2004.html. Author: Unknown authorUnknown author. Permission(Reusing this file): Urheber ist ein Mitarbeiter einer staatlichen oder/und gemeinnützigen US-Organisation, daher ist das Bild gemeinfrei.

Description: transmission electron micrograph of bacterium; Desulfovibrio vulgaris bar = 0.5 microns I am creator. Date: 12 July 2005 (original upload date). Source: No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims). Author: No machine-readable author provided. Graham Bradley assumed (based on copyright claims).

Description: English: Desulfovibrio alaskensis cells on stainless steel 304. Fluorescent microscopic image, 1000× magnification, DAPI staining.Magyar: Desulfovibrio alaskensis sejtek 304-es rozsdamentes acélon. Fluoreszcens mikroszkópos felvétel, 1000-szeres nagyítás, DAPI-s festés. Date: 18 January 2012. Source: Own work. Author: Vvjbp.

Description: English: Overall structure of D. vulgaris Miyazaki F [NiFe] hydrogenase. Date: 17 September 2012, 10:51:22. Source: Own work. Author: CHEM8240edpt.

Description: English: NiFe hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F. Date: 7 October 2012, 15:32:40. Source: Own work. Author: CHEM8240edpt.