Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
In Florida Eumops glaucinus has been place on the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Endangered List. Pesticides are thought to be the reason for the species extinction from Miami FL.
US Migratory Bird Act: no special status
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Eumops glaucinus potentially eats insects that are harmful to agriculture.
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
These bats fly high and in straight lines to detect insects in the absence of clutter. They use echolocation to find insects at a distance of 3-5 m. They catch insects on the wing. Insects commonly eaten include: Coleoptera (beetles), Diptera (true flies), Hemiptera (true bugs), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) and Orthoptera (grasshoppers).
Animal Foods: insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Found in South Florida, Cuba, Jamaica; from Central Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Northern Argentina and Southern Brazil
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); neotropical (Native )
A typical inhabitant of subtropical Forests but found in a variety of habitats in various geographic regions. Florida: subtropical forest; Cuba: primarily urban; Mexico: tropical forest; Costa rica: subtropical moist forest and urban; Venezuela: tropical moist forest; Argentina: deserts, scrublands, montane forest. E. glaucinus is frequently found in urban areas throughout its range.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: urban
E. glaucinus is medium sized compared to other species in its genus. Its color varies from black or brownish grey to chestnut. The venter is notably lighter. The snout is elongate with no noseleaf. The ears are wider than long and extend past the snout when brought forward. The tragus is 4-5mm and square across the top. The cranium is robust and longer than it is wide. A sagittal crest is present, along with a prominent occipitotemporal crest. Dental formula= 1/2 1/1 2/2 3/3 =30. The molars are succesively smaller in the toothrow with the third molar much smaller than the first two. The plagiopatagium extends to the heel. The uropatagium is moderately wide with the tail extending well beyond the margin. E. glaucinus has a pungent musky odor that has an unknown function.
Range mass: 30.2 to 46.6 g.
Average mass: 36.6 g.
Average length: 135.5 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Known Predators:
Mating System: polygynous
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average weaning age: 5-6 weeks.
Key Reproductive Features: year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual
Females lactate 5-6 weeks
Parental Investment: altricial
Wagner's bonneted bat or Wagner's mastiff bat[2] (Eumops glaucinus), is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in the Americas from Argentina and Peru north to Mexico, and Cuba.[1] Populations in Florida in the United States are now recognized as the Florida bonneted bat (E. floridanus.)[3]
![Example of a gular-thoracic gland in a black bonneted bat[4]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheiromeles_torquatus.jpg)
Eumops glaucinus is a medium-sized mastiff bat, but its size varies across its range. It is roughly 24 or 25 centimeters long and between 30 and 47 grams in weight, with pregnant females sometimes heavier. The male is generally larger than the female. The species has a short, shiny pelage of bicolored hairs that are lighter at the bases, and the overall coat color can be black, brown, grayish, or cinnamon. The underparts are duller and paler.[2]
The bat has a long snout. It lacks a leaf-shaped nose appendage and protruding upper lip, but it has a keel above the eye. The ears are about 2 centimeters in length and are wider than long. They are joined to form the "bonnet" shape. The wingspan is about 41 to 47 centimeters. The wings are narrow, as in other mastiff bats. The wings are adapted to long but rapid flights, especially in open areas.[2]
This bat has a musky odor. The male has a gular-thoracic gland of unknown function; it may be used to mark females or territory.[2]
The Florida bonneted bat (E. floridanus) was treated as a subspecies[2] and later elevated to species status. Though E. glaucinus is variable, it was treated as one species,[5] but suspected to be a species complex.[1] The complex was then defined as a group of four species: E. glaucinus, E. floridanus, E. ferox, and an unnamed species from Ecuador.[3]
This bat is common in subtropical and tropical forest habitat, but it has often been recorded living in urban areas, including large cities. It appears to be attracted to the heat of metal roofs. It can also be found in deserts, swamps, and scrubland. It roosts in the canopies of trees and in cavities in the trunks, including abandoned woodpecker nests. It has been observed in royal palm (Roystonea regia), degame (Calycophyllum candidissimum), gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba), and Cuban palm (Copernicia gigas).[2] It has been recorded at elevations up to 2750 meters.[6]
This species may live near other bats, such as the velvety free-tailed bat (Molossus molossus), the broad-eared bat (Nyctinomops laticaudatus), the little goblin bat (Mormopterus minutus), and Pallas's long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina).[2]
The bat lives in small mixed-sex colonies, sometimes one male and a harem. It is nocturnal. It feeds on insects, including beetles, flies, bugs, orthopterans, and moths. It has been reared in captivity on a diet of vitamin-supplemented raw ground beef.[2]
The bat tends not to flee when threatened, but produces a loud, high-pitched scream.[2] It also makes this piercing call while in flight at night.[2]
This species flies high in the air, rarely near the ground, and it can take off from horizontal surfaces. It flies rapidly, usually in a straight line, echolocating and hawking to catch insects.[2]
Breeding occurs year-round in at least some regions. Most females bear one young at a time.[2]
The origin of E. glaucinus is found in the Blancan of the Pliocene roughly 3.3 million years ago.[7][8]
Wagner's bonneted bat or Wagner's mastiff bat (Eumops glaucinus), is a species of bat in the family Molossidae. It is found in the Americas from Argentina and Peru north to Mexico, and Cuba. Populations in Florida in the United States are now recognized as the Florida bonneted bat (E. floridanus.)
