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Neoaves ( Welsh )

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Cytras neu grŵp o adar yw'r Neoaves sy'n cynnwys pob aderyn sy'n byw yn yr oes fodern hon (gellir hefyd eu galw'n Neornithes neu Aves) ar wahân i'r Paleognathae (sef yr adar gwastatfron (ratites a'u perthnasau agos) a hwyaid Galloanserae (sydd hefyd yn cynnwys ieir). Fe'u dosbarthwyd yn grwpiau gwyddonol yn eitha sydyn, ond dros y blynyddoedd bu llawer o angytuno ynghylch y grwpiau hyn.[2][3]

Dyma un dosbarthiad gan Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[4] with some clade names after Yury, T. et al. (2013).[5]

Neoaves Columbea

Mirandornithes


Columbimorphae

Columbiformes




Mesitornithiformes



Pteroclidiformes





Passerea Otidae

Cypselomorphae


Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes




Otidiformes



Musophagiformes






Gruae

Opisthocomiformes


Gruimorphae

Gruiformes



Charadriiformes





Ardeae

Aequornithes


Eurypgimorphae

Eurypygiformes



Phaethontiformes




Telluraves Afroaves Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes



Accipitriformes





Strigiformes (owls)


Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes


Eucavitaves

Leptosomatiformes


Cavitaves

Trogoniformes (


Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes


Picodynastornithes

Coraciiformes



Piciformes









Australaves

Cariamiformes


Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes


Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes



Passeriformes










Cyfeiriadau

  1. Van Tuinen M. (2009) Birds (Aves). In The Timetree of Life, Hedges SB, Kumar S (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 409–411.
  2. Mayr G. (2011) Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds. J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49:58-76.
  3. Matzke, A. et al. (2012) Retroposon insertion patterns of neoavian birds: strong evidence for an extensive incomplete lineage sorting eraMol. Biol. Evol.
  4. Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.
  5. Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419

Llyfryddiaeth

  • Michael J. Benton (2004). "Origin and relationships of Dinosauria". In David B. Weishampel; Peter Dodson; Halszka Osmólska (Hrsg.) (gol.). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: Zweite Auflage, University of California Press. pp. 7–19. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
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