Skogsbergia calyx Kornicker 1992

Skogsbergia calyx

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Latin calyx (cup, cover).

HOLOTYPE.—MNHN Os 437, adult female on slide and in alcohol.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Sta 101-DS, 8 Apr 1977, NW Île du Lys, Glorioso Islands, 11°25′42″S, 47°19′30″E, 26 m.

PARATYPES.—Sta 101-DS: USNM 193703, undissected juvenile in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected only at type locality.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 32–34).—Carapace elongate with convex dorsal and ventral margins and elongate caudal process with squarish tip (Figure 32a). Dorsal margin of caudal process forming obtuse angle with posterior margin of valve dorsal to caudal process but without notch like that present on S. hesperida (Müller, 1906, fig. XXX:21, 25) (Figure 32e,f). Anterodorsal comer of rostrum evenly rounded but anteroventral comer with medial flap-like extension forming right angle similar to that on specimen referred to S. hesperida by Poulsen (1962, fig. 88a,b) (Figure 32b–d). Outer surface of rostrum with minute pores and scalloped ridge just proximal to ventral edge (Figure 32b); 2 narrow curved ridges extending from vicinity of inner end of incisur to anterior edge of valve ventral to incisur (outer ridge short and scalloped; inner ridge longer, scalloped in ventral half, and terminating in 4 or 5 minute segments at valve margin (Figure 32b)).

Infold: Rostral infold with 17–19 bristles (some bristles missing on USNM 193703 but their past presence indicated by empty sockets) (Figure 32c,d); 2 closely spaced marginal bristles at inner end of incisur, and 1 minute bristle just inward from them; 1 small indistinct brisde just proximal to ventral comer of inner end of incisur (Figure 32c,d). Narrow list extending from anteroventral infold, continuing along ventral margin of valve, and then broadening to form wide shelf at anterior end of caudal process (Figure 32e,f). Anteroventral list scalloped with a bifurcate bristle at anterior edge of each scallop, a total of about 25 bristles (Figure 32c (not all bristles shown)); anterior end of ventral list with 10 closely spaced bristles forming row continuing from anteroventral row; middle part of ventral list with few bristles; posterior edge of broad list at anterior end of caudal process with about 10 pores on minute protuberances, and numerous smaller pores between protuberances from which canals extend to anterior edge of broad list (Figure 32f). Broad posterior list of caudal process of left valve differs from that of right valve in having amber-colored oblique sclerotized bar beneath list (Figure 32f). Pocket posterior to list of caudal process with several minute pores, some with a small papilla (Figure 32e,f).

Carapace Size: MNHN Os 437, holotype, female, length 1.59 mm, height 0.92 mm.

First Antenna (Figure 32g–i): 1st joint bare. 2nd joint with few distal dorsal spines. 3rd joint with spinous ventral bristle about length of 4th joint, and small dorsal bristle at midlength (dorsal bristle of right limb of USNM 193703 reaching just past distal end of joint, that of left limb shorter (Figure 32g)). 4th joint with 2 minute terminal bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal). Sensory bristle of 5th joint with 8 long stout filaments followed by 3 slender and shorter filaments, possibly more (tip of bristle missing on both limbs of USNM 193703); long stout filaments with short narrow weakly ringed part followed by broader unringed part (Figure 32i). 6th joint with short spinous medial bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle spinous, slightly stouter and shorter than bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 short marginal filaments, some with spines, and with few marginal spines on stem following 5th filament; c-bristle about twice length of sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 10 marginal filaments, some with marginal spines (proximal 3 or 4 filaments and subterminal filament shorter than others); joint longer on medial side than on lateral side (Figure 32g,h). 8th joint: d- and e-bristles bare with blunt tips, slightly shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint; f- and g-bristles about same length as c-bristle with 10 filaments, some with marginal spines; g-bristle with 11 filaments, some with marginal spines.

Second Antenna: Protopodite with short distal medial bristle with stout base (Figure 33a). Endopodite unjointed, with 4 proximal bristles (2 short and 1 long lateral (tip of long bristle missing on both limbs of USNM 193703), and 1 long medial), and 1 very long terminal filament (Figure 33a,b). Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint with 2 or 3 slender ventral hair-like spines and 2 slender ventral spines just proximal to short narrow ringed terminal segment with minute terminal papilla (Figure 33c,d); bristle of joint 3 with proximal ventral and dorsal hairs followed by section with 12 ventral spines and dorsal hairs, then ventral and dorsal natatory hairs almost to tip (hairs near tip longer) (tip shown in Figure 33e), tip with minute papilla; bristle of joint 4 similar to that of joint 3 but with only 7 ventral spines; bristles of joints 5–8 with natatory hairs, no spines; 9th joint with 4 bristles (1 short, dorsal, with few hairs, next bristle medium length with natatory hairs and section with slender dorsal spines, next bristle long and stout with natatory hairs and section with stout dorsal spines, ventral bristle long and stout with natatory hairs). Joints 3–7 or 8 with basal spines with 2 or more prongs, spines longer on distal joints; 8th joint of illustrated right limb of USNM 193703 without basal spine (Figure 33c), that of left limb with spine reaching just past end of 9th joint; 9th joint with slender lateral spine (on dorsal edge of joint) slightly longer than joint; joints 2–8 with indistinct minute terminal spines forming row in vicinity of dorsal corner.

Mandible (Figure 33f–h): Coxale endite with small triangular process between paired apical spines and small ringed bristle near base (Figure 33g). Basale (Figure 33f,h): dorsal margin with 1 short bare bristle at midlength and 2 longer spinous terminal bristles (proximal of these length of other); ventral margin with 3 a-bristles (including 1 small peg-like proximal bristle with base on lateral side near margin (missing on left limb of USNM 193703), 1 long bristle with base on margin, and 1 short bristle with base on lateral side inward from margin), no b-bristle, 2 c-bristles (1 long proximal spinous, 1 short distal bare (space between short and long bristles wider on left limb of holotype female than on right limb)), plus 1 small bare medial peg proximal to long c-bristle, and 1 long spinous d-bristle; lateral surface with spines forming few rows between a- and c-bristles (not shown). Exopodite about length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodial joint, hirsute distally, with 2 bristles (distal bristle almost length of proximal). 1st endopodial joint with 1 minute, 1 short, and 2 long bristles (1 long bristle missing on right limb of holotype female (Figure 33h)). 2nd endopodial joint: ventral margin with spines and with slender pectinate bristles forming 3 groups with 1 bristle in each of 2 proximal groups and paired bristles in terminal group (lateral bristle either slightly shorter or same length as medial); dorsal margin with 4 long bristles, few indistinct spines near base of short proximal bristle (bristle with short marginal spines), 3 short cleaning bristles with long marginal spines, and 1 short slender bristle (with short marginal spines) with base medial to distal long bristle; medial surface with indistinct spines forming rows. 3rd endopodial joint with 3 stout pectinate claws of unequal length, 2 short spinous medial ventral bristles, and 2 ringed lateral bristles (1 long ventral, 1 shorter dorsal) (all bristles with tubular tip).

Maxilla (Figures 33i–l, 34a): Endite I with 10 bristles (Figure 33i); endite II with 7 bristles (Figure 33j); endite III with 1 proximal and 6 terminal bristles (Figure 33k). Coxale with stout plumose dorsal bristle. Basale with slender dorsal bristle and short medial bristle (Figures 33l, 34a). Exopodite hirsute, with 3 bristles (inner bristle with short marginal spines, middle and short outer proximal bristle with long proximal spines). 1st endopodial joint with dorsal spines, triangular pointed cutting tooth, 2 slender subequal alpha-bristles with short marginal spines, and 2 beta-bristles (medial bristle stout pectinate, lateral bristle short, slender, with short marginal spines). 2nd endopodial joint with 4 a-bristles with few short marginal spines, 3 pectinate b-bristles (dorsal bristle ringed, middle bristle unringed and with only 1 stout anterior and 1 stout posterior tooth, inner bristle unringed, claw-like), 2 pectinate c-bristles ringed distally, and 3 stout pectinate claw-like d-bristles (ventral bristle ringed distally).

Fifth Limb (Figure 34b–d): Epipodite with 45 bristles. Protopodite with long cylindrical tooth with rounded tip (Figure 34b). Endites I, II, and III with about 6, 5, and 7 bristles, respectively (not all shown). 1st exopodial joint: main tooth with smooth small proximal peg and 6 constituent teeth (distal tooth with 7 cusps excluding tip of tooth) (Figure 34c); bristle proximal to peg with long proximal and short distal spines; anterior side with 3 bristles forming row (outer bristle stout pectinate, inner bristle small, bare), and 1 small bristle near tooth of protopodite. 2nd exopodial joint: with 4 pectinate, unringed, claw-like a-bristles (longest with 11 cusps), 3 pectinate ringed b′-bristles (longest with 15 cusps), and 4 pectinate ringed b″-bristles (longest with 22 cusps); posterior side with c-bristle with long proximal and short distal spines; anterior side with small d-bristle with few short marginal spines. 3rd endopodial joint: inner lobe with 1 proximal and 2 terminal bristles, all with long proximal spines (shortest of terminal bristles unringed; others ringed); outer lobe hirsute, with 1 proximal and 1 terminal bristle, both ringed and with long spines. 4th and 5th joints fused, hirsute, with small rounded terminal process bearing spines, and 4 ringed bristles with long proximal and short distal spines.

Sixth Limb (Figure 34e,f): 4 short bare epipodial bristles with tubular tips. Endite I with 3 short spinous proximal medial bristles and 2 long terminal bristles with long distal spines; endite II with 2 short spinous proximal medial bristles, 2 terminal bristles (1 long spinous, 1 minute), and small lateral spines (Figure 34f); endite III with 1 long spinous proximal medial bristle and 4 spinous terminal bristles (3 long, 1 short); endite IV with 1 long spinous proximal medial bristle and 4 spinous terminal bristles (3 long, 1 short). End joint with 14 or 15 bristles (3 short slender (with short marginal spines) near anterior end, 8 longer and stouter with long proximal and short distal spines, followed by 1 bristle either with long stiff proximal spines and long distal hairs or with long proximal and short distal spines, and 2 plumose posterior bristles; right limb only of USNM 193703 with small peg-like lateral bristle near base of 5th bristle counting from posterior end of joint); medial surface with distal hairs; lateral surface with stiff spines along distal edge (absent near each end) (not shown).

Seventh Limb (Figure 34g,h): 5 bristles in proximal group (3 on comb side, 2 on peg side), each bristle with 3–5 bells; 12 bristles in distal group, all on terminal segment (6 on comb side, 6 on peg side), each bristle with 1–6 bells. Terminal comb with 3 long curved teeth, and on each side 3 short slender straight teeth with slightly rounded tips, and 2 short stout straight teeth with slightly rounded tips (Figure 34h); sclerotized ridge inside combs with indistinct spines (detail in Figure 34h); cup-like process with minute cusps along edge present opposite comb.

Furca (Figure 34i): Each lamella with 8 claws; claw 2 nonarticulated, remaining claws articulated; all claws with well-defined teeth along posterior edge and indistinct hairs along anterior edge (not shown); teeth similar in size along each claw; claw 1 with several distal medial teeth; right lamella anterior to left by width of claw 1 at base; right lamella with few indistinct spines along anterior edge proximal to claw 1; lamella following claw 8 with minute spines forming row.

Bellonci Organ (Figure 33m): Egg-shape with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye unpigmented, bare (Figure 33m). Lateral eye larger than medial eye, with 28 ommatidia (dark amber color in transmitted light); matrix between ommatidia light amber color (Figures 32a, 33n).

Upper Lip (Figures 33m, 34j): Anterior unpaired part with large glandular processes; paired posterior part with small glandular processes along ventral edge and proximally along each side; small lateral lobe with 1 or 2 glandular processes present proximally on each side near posterior end of paired processes; a 2nd lateral lobe with 1 glandular process present on each side proximal to 1st lateral lobe; T-like sclerite on each side of lip, and 12 small glandular processes present just proximal to top of T (Figure 34j); hirsute lateral lobe on each side of posterior end of lip.

Genitalia (Figure 34k): Oval ring with attached spermatophore on each side of body anterior to furca and beneath epipodite of 5th limb. 5 minute bristles present near genitalia (these were observed near genitalia that had been removed from body and placed on slide under cover slip) (Figure 34l).

Anterior of Body (Figure 33m): With prominent rounded anterior process between medial eye and upper lip.

Posterior of Body (Figure 34m): Evenly rounded, bare.

Y-Sclerite (Figure 34i): With short indistinct ventral branch.

Pigmentation: None in carapace or appendages. Ommatidia of lateral eye with amber color.

COMPARISONS.—The carapace of S. calyx resembles that of S. hesperida (Müller, 1906) except for lacking a notch on the dorsal margin of the caudal process and in being smaller (carapace length 1.59 mm compared to 2.00–2.12 mm). The 2nd claw of the furca is nonarticlated on S. calyx and is probably articulated on S. hesperida (Poulsen, 1962:175). The furca of the adult female S. calyx bears 8 claws on each lamella, whereas that of S. hesperida bears 9 or 10 (Poulsen, 1962:174). According to Poulsen (1962:174) the epipodite of the 5th limb of S. hesperida bears 60 bristles (45 on S. calyx) and the end joint of the 6th limb bears 20–22 short bristles (14 or 15 on S. calyx).

Skogsbergia calyx Kornicker, 1992

Skogsbergia calyx Kornicker, 1992:59, figs. 32–34.

HOLOTYPE.—MNHN Os 437, adult female on slide and in alcohol.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Mozambique Channel, Glorioso Islands, depth 26 m (Kornicker, 1992:59).

MATERIAL.—BT-227: USNM 194204, ovigerous female on slide and in alcohol. BT-683: undissected specimen (length 2.14 mm, height 1.27 mm).

DISTRIBUTION.—Northern Mozambique Channel at a depth of 26 m (Kornicker, 1992:59). Madagascar: see “Material.” Known depth range intertidal to 27 m.

CORRECTION.—During the present study I noticed some errors in the original description of the species (Kornicker, 1992:59), which I would like to correct here. The “3rd endopodial joint” in the description of the 5th limb (p. 63) should be “3rd exopodial joint.” “USNM 193703” in the descriptions of the 1st and 2nd antennae, mandible, and 6th limb should be “MNHN Os 437.” In Figure 33l (maxilla) the bristle labeled “c” adjacent to the anterior b-bristle should be labeled “b.”

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 27, 28).—Dorsal edge of caudal process of left valve with broad swelling (Figure 27a,c,e) not present on right valve (Figure 27d,f).

Infold: Caudal process: ridge at anterior end with 7–9 small bristles; infold posterior to ridge with 7–10 short bristles (Figure 27e,f).

Carapace Size (length, height in mm): USNM 194204, 2.13, 1.19.

First Antenna: Sensory bristle of 5th joint with 8 long proximal filaments followed by 3 shorter and slenderer filaments and very short subterminal filament.

Second Antenna: Endopodite unjointed, with 1 long, 1 medium, and 2 short proximal bristles, and 1 very long terminal filament (Figure 28a).

Mandible: Dorsal margin of 2nd endopodial joint with 4 long bristles, 3 spinous cleaning bristles, and 2 short slender proximal bristles (Figure 28b).

Maxilla: Endite I with 10 or 11 bristles. Cutting tooth of 1st endopodial joint rounded (Figure 28c). Middle b-bristle of 2nd endopodial joint with 3 or 4 anterior and 2 posterior teeth (in Figure 28c,, a-, c-, and d-bristles not shown).

Fifth Limb: Epipodite with 51 bristles. Endites I, II, and III with 7, 5, and 7 bristles, respectively. Small inner bristle of row of 3 bristles on anterior side of 1st exopodial joint with long proximal and short distal spines (Figure 28d); anterior bristle near protopodial tooth with short marginal spines. 2nd exopodial joint with 4 b′-bristles (longest with 17 cusps), and 3 b″-bristles (longest with 25 cusps) (Figure 28e); d-bristle short bare. Outer lobe of 3rd exopodial joint with 2 terminal bristles with long proximal and short distal spines.

Sixth Limb: With 3 or 4 epipodial bristles with tubular tips. End joint with 20 bristles (3 short slender (with short marginal spines) near anterior end, 14 longer and stouter bristles with long proximal and short distal spines, followed by 3 longer plumose bristles).

Seventh Limb: Proximal group with 6 or 7 bristles (3 on comb side, 3 or 4 on peg side) each with 4–6 bells; 12 bristles (6 on each side) in distal group, all on terminal segment, each with 1–7 bells. Sclerotized ridge within comb indistinct, spines not observed. Process opposite comb with 2 adjacent ridges each with 6 minute terminal teeth (Figure 28f).

Furca (Figure 28g), Upper Lip (Figure 28k,l), Genitalia (Figure 28g), Anterior of Body (Figure 28k,l), Posterior of Body (Figure 28g), Y-Sclerite (Figure 28g), and Pigmentation: Similar to those described by Kornicker (1992:59–63).

Bellonci Organ (Figure 28j): Short, with length and height equal.

Eyes: Medial eye unpigmented bare (Figure 28j,l). Lateral eye larger than medial eye; right eye of USNM 194204 with 26 ommatidia visible when eye viewed laterally and eye not under cover slip (Figure 28h); left eye of same specimen with 33 ommatidia when count made with eye under cover slip (Figure 28i). Ommatidia light amber color; in transmitted light all ommatidia, except ommatidia along outer edge, covered with matrix of brown pigment (stippled area in Figure 28h,i).

Eggs: USNM 194204 with 6 fairly well-developed elliptical eggs in marsupium, but lateral eyes not visible; length of typical egg 0.27 mm.