Bathyfauvelia affinis (Fauvel 1914)

Bathyfauvelia affinis (Fauvel)

Macellicephala affinis Fauvel, 1914a:6, figs. 3.4; 1932:11, pl. 1: figs. 1–7.—Belloc, 1953:3.—Uschakov, 1957:1666, fig. 3A–D.—Knox, 1959:106, 107.—Chlebovitsch, 1964:168.—Reyss, 1971: 250.—Levenstein, 1971b:19, fig. 1a–e [part]; 1972:171, 177 [part].—Paul and Menzies, 1974:254.

Macellicephala annae Reyss, 1971:248, fig. 3A–E.

Macellicephala (Macellicephala) affinis.—Hartmann-Schröder, 1974:76, 84 [part].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—North Atlantic, off Madeira, 0–2380 m, mud, expedition of 1913, sta. 3118, holotype of Macellicephala affinis (MOM).

Mediterranean, 42°14′N, 04°28′E, 2090 m, Jean Charcot sta. DS 12, 1970, holotype of Macellicephala annae (ZIASL 36644).

Arctic Basin, near Wrangel Island, 2245 m, SP-2, sta. 2, P. Uschakov, collector, 1 specimen (ZIASL 7/1008; reported by Uschakov, 1957). North of Jan Mayen, 72°01′N, 08°33′W, 2400 m. mud, Swedish Zoological Polar Expedition, 20 July 1900, 1 specimen (ZIUU; identified as Macellicephala violacea by Bergström; unpublished data).

DESCRIPTION.—Length of holotype of M. affinis 7 mm, width with parapodia 3 mm, segments 19 (not 18, as indicated by Fauvel). Length of holotype of M. annae 8 mm, width with parapodia 3 mm, segments 21, last 2 small. Length of specimen from Arctic Basin (ZIASL 7/1008) 12 mm, width with parapodia 6 mm, segments 19. Length of specimen from off Jan Mayen (ZIUU) 10 mm, width with parapodia 5 mm, segments 19. Body flattened, fusiform, slightly tapering anteriorly and posteriorly, with parapodia longer than body width (Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: fig. 1; Reyss, 1971, fig. 3A).

Elytra (all missing) and large cylindrical elytrophores 9 pairs (not 8 pairs, as indicated by Fauvel), on segments 2, 4,5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17, with dorsal cirri on posterior 2–4 segments. Dorsal tubercles on cirrigerous segments, beginning on segment 6, elongated, forming ciliated cirriform branchial-like processes (Figures 21a,d,f, 22b,h; Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: figs. 1,2; Uschakov, 1957, fig. 3A,B; Levenstein, 1971b, fig. 1c).

Prostomium deeply bilobed, with anterior lobes tapered, rounded, with minute frontal filaments (sometimes withdrawn; called frontal horns by Fauvel, Uschakov, and Reyss); ceratophore of median antenna large, cylindrical, in anterior notch of prostomium, with style long, filiform, papillate (according to Fauvel, but broken off on specimens examined); palps long, tapered, smooth; without eyes (Figures 21c, 22a,f; Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: fig. 1; Uschakov, 1957, fig. 1a; Levenstein, 1971b, fig. 1a; Reyss, 1971, fig. 3A). First or tentacular segment fused to prostomium, with narrow band visible dorsally; uniramous parapodia with small projecting acicular lobe, few notosetae (2–4; sometimes broken off), and 2 pairs of long tentacular cirri attached to cylindrical cirrophores. Without distinct facial tubercle (pair of divergent lobes forming bilobed facial tubercle, according to Fauvel—perhaps projecting lateral lips?); upper lip with scattered low papillae (Figure 22a,g). Ventral buccal cirri of segment 2 with large cirrophores attached basally on neuropodia lateral to mouth (styles broken off; Figure 22g).

Biramous parapodia stout, long (Figures 21a,c–f, 22a–c,h,i; Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: figs. 1–3; Uschakov, 1957, fig. 3A,B; Levenstein, 1971b, fig. 1b,c; Reyss, 1971, fig. 3 A,B). Notopodia shorter than neuropodia, subcorneal, with long projecting acicular processes; neuropodia subconical, with long projecting presetal acicular processes. Notosetae moderate in number, stout, with spinous rows and blunt bare tips (Figures 21b,g, 22d,j; Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: figs. 5–7; Uschakov, 1957, fig. 1c; Levenstein, 1971b, fig. 1d; Reyss, 1971, fig. 3C,D). Neurosetae numerous, elongate, flattened distally, transparent, crenulate along lateral borders (Figure 22e,k; Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: fig. 4; Uschakov, 1957, fig. 3D; Levenstein, 1971b, fig. 1e; Reyss, 1971, fig. 3E). Dorsal cirri with long cylindrical cirrophores attached near bases of notopodia (styles broken off); ventral cirri short, subulate, attached near middle of neuropodia (Figures 21a,f, 22b,h).

Nephridial papillae small, inconspicuous, beginning on segment 6. Pygidium subglobular, between parapodia of posterior small segments, with pair of anal cirri (styles broken off; Figure 21d; Fauvel, 1932, pl. 1: fig. 1). Pharynx (cut open on specimen from Arctic Basin) with 9 pairs of papillae and 2 pairs of jaws.

DISTRIBUTION.—North Atlantic (off Madeira), Mediterranean, Arctic (Jan Mayen, Franz Josef Land, Wrangel Island), Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, in 0 to 2090–5495 meters; perhaps bathypelagic.

Bathycatalina, new genus

TYPE-SPECIES.—Polynoe (?) filamentosa Moore, 1910. Gender: feminine.

DIAGNOSIS.—Body short, flattened, fusiform; segments 24 (first setigerous). Elytra and prominent elytrophores 12 pairs, on segments 2, 4,5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 and 23. Prostomium bilobed; ceratophore of median antenna inserted in anterior notch; paired palps (missing); without eyes. First or tentacular segment fused to prostomium; 2 pairs of tentacular cirri lateral to prostomium, with distinct cirrophores, with small projecting acicular lobe and few notosetae. Segment 2 with buccal cirri attached to basal parts of parapodia lateral to mouth, longer than following ventral cirri. Parapodia biramous, with notopodia subequal in length to neuropodia, both rami with elongate acicular processes. Notosetae stout, spinous, with blunt tips. Neurosetae flattened, transparent, serrated along lateral borders. Dorsal cirri with cylindrical cirrophores and long styles; ventral cirri short, attached near middle of neuropodia. Dorsal tubercles on cirrigerous segments tapered distally, forming digitiform,, ciliated branchial-like processes. Nephridial papillae indistinct. Pygidium small, subglobular, with pair of anal cirri. Pharynx with papillae (number?—damaged) and 2 pairs of jaws.

A single species is referred to Bathycatalina: B. filamentosa (Moore), as Polynoe (?) filamentosa Moore, 1910, off southern California, in 611–1097 meters.

The ciliated digitiform dorsal tubercles on the cirrigerous segments, along with twelve pairs of elytra, distinguish Bathycatalina from other closely related genera.