Stichotrichia

Originally described by Ehrenberg under the name Stylonychia silurus

Ventral infraciliature of Stylonychia pustulata (MUELLER, 1786) EHRENBERG, 1835. Collected from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho. June 2008. Protargol A (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.

Ventral view of Stylonychia pustulata (MUELLER, 1786) EHRENBERG, 1835. Collected from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho. June 2008. DIC.

Ventral view of Stylonychia pustulata (MUELLER, 1786) EHRENBERG, 1835. Collected from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho. January 2001. Oblique illumination.

Dorsal infraciliature of Stylonychia pustulata (MUELLER, 1786) EHRENBERG, 1835.1-6+dorsal kineties. Collected from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho. June 2008. Protargol A (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.

Ventral infraciliature of Stylonychia pustulata (MUELLER, 1786) EHRENBERG, 1835.FC=frontal cirri.FVC=frontoventral cirri.BC=buccal cirrus.AZM=adoral zone of membranelles.EOM=endoral membrane.POM=paroral membrane.RMR,LMR=right and left marginal cirral rows.POv+PTV=postoral and pretransverse ventral cirri.TC=transverse cirri. Collected from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho. June 2008. Protargol A (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.

Ventral infraciliature of Stylonychia pustulata (MUELLER, 1786) EHRENBERG, 1835. Collected from a eutrophic freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho. June 2008. Protargol A (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.

Ventral infracilature of Oxytricha fallax (STEIN,1859).FC=frontal cirri,FVC=frontoventral cirri.PTC=pretransverse ventral cirri,TC=transverse cirri.RMR/LMR=right and left marginal cirral rows,AZM=adoral zone of membranelles,EM=endoral membrane,POM=paraoral membrane.Collected from a eutrophic artificial freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho.May 2008.Stained by the protargol technique (Wilbert modification). See Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991.Brightfield. 

Ventral infracilature of Oxytricha fallax (STEIN,1859).Collected from a eutrophic artificial freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho.May 2008.Stained by the protargol technique (Wilbert modification). See Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991.Brightfield.

Oxytricha fallax (STEIN,1859).Ventral view.FC=frontal cirrus,RMR/LMR=right and left marginal cirral rows,FVC=frontoventral cirri,TC-transverse cirri.Collected from a eutrophic artificial freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho.May 2008.DIC.

Oxytricha fallax (STEIN,1859).The cytoplasm contains many highly refractile crystals which appear yellow-orange in this image.Under brightfield illumination they appear dark.Collected from a eutrophic artificial freshwater pond in Boise, Idaho.May 2008.DIC.

Halteria (halt-ear-ee-a) an oligotrich ciliate found in fresh-water habitats, with an anterior zone of membranelles. Halteria uses equatorial cirri to move with a bounding motion. Consumes bacteria, small algae and small detrital particles. Phase contrast.

Halteria (halt-ear-ee-a) an oligotrich ciliate found in fresh-water habitats, with an anterior zone of membranelles and an equatorial band of sparse, long, stiff cirri. Moves with a bounding motion. Consumes bacteria, small algae and small detrital particles. Phase contrast.

Halteria (halt-ear-ee-a) an oligotrich ciliate found in fresh-water habitats, with an anterior zone of membranelles which is emphasized in this image. Uses equatorial cirri to move with a bounding motion. Consumes bacteria, small algae and small detrital particles. Differential interference contrast.

Halteria (halt-ear-ee-a) is a small oligotrich ciliate with an adoral zone of membranelles extending around the anterior of the cell. This cell has been photographed from the anterior apex, and this image shows the array of membranelles. Phase contrast. Material from Nymph Creek and Nymph Lake, thermal sites within Yellowstone National Park, photograph by Kathy Sheehan and David Patterson.

Halteria (halt-tear-ee-a) grandinella. The somatic ciliature of this ciliate is very reduced. The body is globular or ellipsoidal. The posterior end often depressed. The oral apparatus consists of an almost circular zone of adoral membranelles. The macronucleus is ellipsoidal and located centrally. The contractile vacuole in the posterior third of the cell, located near the buccal cavity. The long bristles (jumping bristles) arise equatorially; these cause a jumping movement that is characteristic of the genus Halteria. Big jumps followed by periods of forward swimming in spirals. Common in the plankton of fresh water. This specimen was collected in the plankton of freshwater ponds near Konstanz, Germany. Differential interference contrast.

Portrait of Halteria grandinella (Mueller,1773) Dujardin, 1841, a ubiquitous small spirotrich ciliate. The body is globular with a prominent anterior wreath of membranelles. Long stiff cirri are seen around the equator. These are used for sudden jumping (saltatorial) movements. The wreath of adoral membranelles projects anteriorly in this image. A peripheral contractile vacuole is seen in this image. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. Brightfield.

Anterior apical view of Halteria grandinella (Mueller,1773) Dujardin, 1841, a ubiquitous small spirotrich ciliate. The body is globular with a prominent anterior wreath of membranelles. There are long stiff cirri around the equator. These are used for sudden jumping (saltatorial) movements. The wreath of adoral membranelles (short arrow) are seen in this image. The inner adoral membranelles (long arrow) are also seen.A peripheral contractile vacuole is seen in this image. From freshwater pond near Boise, Idaho. DIC.

Oral infraciliature ( left lateral view) of Halteria grandinella (Mueller,1773) Dujardin, 1841.There is an inconspicuous undulating membrane to the right of the buccal cavity (light blue arrowhead). The adoral membranelles (AZM) are separated into approximately 5 to10 inner (buccal) membranelles (pink arrowhead) and a collar of 16 outer membranelles, each composed of two longer kineties and one shorter kinety (green arrowheads). The AZM is of the "open" type.These run clockwise to the cytostome unlike the peritrich ciliates in which the adoral ciliary spiral runs counterclockwise to the cytostome. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991).Brightfield.

Detail view of one ciliary row of jumping bristles in Halteria grandinella (Mueller,1773) Dujardin, 1841. there are approximately 7-10 rows of these bristles around the equator. Each row has about 6 pairs of basal bodies (arrowheads) in this species, two anterior pairs only the anterior basal body of each of these pairs being ciliated (as seen in this image). The four posterior pairs occur in two groups each bearing two bristles. The anterior of these tetrads has lost it's bristles in preparation. Stained by the silver carbonate technique (see Foissner, W. Europ. J. Protistol., 27:313-330;1991). Brightfield