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Biology

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Eggs are laid in spring or early summer, and the larvae are often found from May to July, floating just below the surface. Adults are herbivores and feed on decaying plant matter, but the larvae are carnivores, and feed on water snails. The adult beetles emerge during the summer and hibernate, but it is not clear whether this occurs in the water or on land. The beetles are attracted to light, and are good fliers.
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Conservation

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The lesser silver water beetle is listed in the UK Biodiversity Action Plans, and has been included in English Nature's Species Recovery Programme. As well as the UK action plans, this species is listed in at least two Local Biodiversity Action Plans (LBAPs) including Cheshire's 'Countdown' project and the Mendip Biodiversity Action Plan. Ponds on the Cheshire Plain have been subjects of the Pond Life Survey since 1995, and there is a comprehensive survey under way to establish the true status of the species in the county. Surveys for this species were also undertaken in 1993 and 1994 on the Somerset Moors, and the management of many of the beetles breeding ditches is now based on the conservation of this species. In the future, it is hoped that suitable breeding habitat for the beetles will be created by flooding wet woodland, producing shallow areas of water at the start of the beetles breeding season.
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Description

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This beetle earns the name 'silver' from the bubbles of air that are trapped in the fine hairs on its underside. These hairs form part of an elaborate breathing system, enabling these beetles to live underwater. The beetles' 'true' colour is shiny, polished black. They have well-developed 'palps', sensitive mouthparts, which act as preliminary tasters for food. Unlike the diving beetles, Dytiscidae, the silver water beetles are not particularly adapted for underwater life. They are poor swimmers, without the modified legs of diving beetles, and take air from the surface headfirst, rather than with the tip of the abdomen like many other water beetles.
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Habitat

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The adult lesser silver water beetle is found in still, weedy ditches and ponds in peat-rich areas. It seems to prefer deep water where there is little chance for the peat to dry out, and places subject to piecemeal disturbance. Recent research, however, suggests that the eggs and larvae are found in shallow, often temporary, ditches with overhanging tree cover.
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Range

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This species is known only from the UK, and was widely distributed during the 19th century. However, since 1970, it had only been recorded in eleven 10km squares, with the only known breeding population in the Somerset Levels. Then, in 1990, an adult beetle was found in a pond in Cheshire. Since then, larvae have been found in several other ponds in the county as well as former sites on the Somerset Levels.
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Status

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Classified as Endangered (UK), and protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.
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Threats

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It is believed the principal threats to the lesser silver water beetle is from inappropriate ditch management, and the loss of grazing marsh leading to re-profiling of the ditches.
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Kleiner Kolbenwasserkäfer ( German )

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Der Kleine Kolbenwasserkäfer oder Stachelwasserkäfer (Hydrochara caraboides) ist ein Käfer aus der Familie der Wasserkäfer (Hydrophilidae).

Merkmale

Die Käfer erreichen eine Körperlänge von 14 bis 18 Millimetern. Ihr ovaler Körper ist glänzend schwarz gefärbt und hat einen mehr oder weniger starken grünlichen Schimmer. Selten gibt es smaragdgrüne, sehr selten gelbbraun gefärbte Individuen. Die Körperoberfläche ist fein mit Punkten strukturiert und trägt feine Längsreihen und Reihen von größeren Punkten. Die Basis des Halsschildes ist gerade. Die Palpen und das Basalglied der Fühler sind gelb. Der Kiel des Prothorax ist dornenförmig nach hinten ausgezogen, der des Metathorax endet hinter den Hüften (Coxae) der Hinterbeine.

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Vorkommen und Lebensweise

Die Tiere kommen in der Paläarktis bis nach Zentralschweden, den Süden Norwegens und Finnlands vor. In England sind sie nur stellenweise verbreitet. Man findet sie in kleinen Tümpeln, Teichen und toten Nebenarmen von Flüssen, vom Flachland bis ins Hügelland, manchmal auch im Bergland. Sie waren einst häufig, sind mittlerweile aber sehr selten. Die Eiablage erfolgt in Kokons wie es auch beim Großen Kolbenwasserkäfer zu beobachten ist. Die räuberisch lebenden Larven leben nahe der Wasseroberfläche und verdauen ihre Beute über Wasser.

Quellen

Literatur

  • Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica – Die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches. Band 2 S. 359, K. G. Lutz, Stuttgart 1912
  • Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica – Die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches. 5 Bände, Stuttgart K. G. Lutz 1908–1916, Digitale Bibliothek Band 134, Directmedia Publishing GmbH, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-898-53534-7
  • Jiři Zahradnik, Irmgard Jung, Dieter Jung et al.: Käfer Mittel- und Nordwesteuropas. Parey, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-490-27118-1.

Weblinks

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Kleiner Kolbenwasserkäfer: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Kleine Kolbenwasserkäfer oder Stachelwasserkäfer (Hydrochara caraboides) ist ein Käfer aus der Familie der Wasserkäfer (Hydrophilidae).

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Dytiscus caraboides

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Dytiscus caraboides: Brief Summary

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Dytiscus caraboides is a species of beetle from the family Dytiscidae. The scientific name of this genus was first published in 1758 by Linnaeus.

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Hydrochara caraboides ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El escarabajo plateado de agua (Hydrochara caraboides) es una especie de coleóptero acuático de la familia Hydrophilidae, solo hallado en Somerset Levels y pocas más localidades en Cheshire en el Reino Unido. Tiene clasificación de especies amenazadas, protegida bajo el "Esquema 5" de la en:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

Mide cerca de 15 mm de largo y, a pesar del nombre, es negro. Atrapa aire con su pilosidad ventral, para poder respirar bajo el agua, y lo plateado como se lo ve recubierto de burbujas de aire, le dio su apelativo.

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Keskmine vesimardikas ( Estonian )

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Keskmine vesimardikas (Hydrochara caraboides ) on mardikaliste seltsi kuuluv putukaliik.

Putukat on ka Eestis.[1]

Viited

  1. Michael Chinery, 2005. Euroopa putukad. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Lk 292

Välislingid

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Keskmine vesimardikas: Brief Summary ( Estonian )

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Keskmine vesimardikas (Hydrochara caraboides ) on mardikaliste seltsi kuuluv putukaliik.

Putukat on ka Eestis.

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Isovesiäinen ( Finnish )

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Isovesiäinen (Hydrochara caraboides) on varsinaisiin vedensuosijoihin kuuluva laji. Se on 14–18 mm:n pituinen. Se on musta, kiiltävä ja vihreän hohteinen. Alapuolella on tiheää karvoitusta. Muodoltaan eläin on munanmuotoinen ja pitkulainen ja muistuttaa sukeltajia. Munat ovat munakotelossa. Isovesiäistä esiintyy Ahvenanmaalla ja se on uhanalainen.[1]

Lähteet

  1. Lars-Henrik Olsen, Jakob Sunesen, Bente Vita Pedersen: ”Isovesiäinen”, Vesikirppu ja sudenkorento, makean vedeneläimiä, s. 109. Suomentanut Iiris Kalliola. WSOY, 1994. ISBN 951-0-21395-0.

Aiheesta muualla

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Isovesiäinen: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Isovesiäinen (Hydrochara caraboides) on varsinaisiin vedensuosijoihin kuuluva laji. Se on 14–18 mm:n pituinen. Se on musta, kiiltävä ja vihreän hohteinen. Alapuolella on tiheää karvoitusta. Muodoltaan eläin on munanmuotoinen ja pitkulainen ja muistuttaa sukeltajia. Munat ovat munakotelossa. Isovesiäistä esiintyy Ahvenanmaalla ja se on uhanalainen.

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Hydrochara caraboides ( French )

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Hydrochara caraboides, le petit hydrophile, est une espèce d'insectes coléoptères de la famille des Hydrophilidae, de la sous-famille des Hydrophilinae.

Description

Corps noir long d'environ 16 mm. Comme chez d'autres espèces du genre, les palpes maxillaires fins sont très longs (à comparer avec les antennes). Les pattes sont sombres et nettement moins efficaces que celles des dytiques dans la natation car moins spécialisées.

Distribution

Eurasiatique : répandu en Europe, de l'Espagne à la Scandinavie, à la Roumanie et pays bordant la Méditerranée ; Moyen-Orient. Et même la Belgique et la France.

Habitat

Il fréquente les eaux calmes riches en végétation aquatique comme celles de l'étang de Vendres. Apte au vol, il peut choisir des sites plus conformes à ses besoins.

Biologie

Les adultes sont végétariens, contrairement aux larves qui sont carnivores. Pour renouveler leur provision d'air, les imagos se présentent la tête en avant à la surface (à l'opposé des dytiques).

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Hydrochara caraboides: Brief Summary ( French )

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Hydrochara caraboides, le petit hydrophile, est une espèce d'insectes coléoptères de la famille des Hydrophilidae, de la sous-famille des Hydrophilinae.

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Kleine spinnende watertor ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De kleine spinnende watertor of kleine spinnende waterkever (Hydrochara caraboides) is een kever uit de familie spinnende waterkevers (Hydrophilidae). De soort behoorde lange tijd tot het geslacht Hydrophilus, waardoor de oude naam veel opduikt in de literatuur.

De kever lijkt uiterlijk op de grote spinnende watertor (Hydrophilus piceus), maar blijft zoals de naam doet vermoeden veel kleiner. De lichaamslengte is ongeveer 7 tot 9 millimeter, de larve wordt ongeveer 30 millimeter lang. De grote spinnende waterkever heeft een lengte van 34 tot 47 millimeter en de larve kan tot 70 mm lang worden. Een andere gelijkende soort is de 'gewone' spinnende watertor of oostelijke spinnende watertor (Hydrophilus aterrimus). Deze soort wordt 32 tot 43 millimeter lang en is dus eveneens veel groter.

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Kleine spinnende watertor: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De kleine spinnende watertor of kleine spinnende waterkever (Hydrochara caraboides) is een kever uit de familie spinnende waterkevers (Hydrophilidae). De soort behoorde lange tijd tot het geslacht Hydrophilus, waardoor de oude naam veel opduikt in de literatuur.

De kever lijkt uiterlijk op de grote spinnende watertor (Hydrophilus piceus), maar blijft zoals de naam doet vermoeden veel kleiner. De lichaamslengte is ongeveer 7 tot 9 millimeter, de larve wordt ongeveer 30 millimeter lang. De grote spinnende waterkever heeft een lengte van 34 tot 47 millimeter en de larve kan tot 70 mm lang worden. Een andere gelijkende soort is de 'gewone' spinnende watertor of oostelijke spinnende watertor (Hydrophilus aterrimus). Deze soort wordt 32 tot 43 millimeter lang en is dus eveneens veel groter.

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Водолюб малый ( Russian )

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Латинское название Hydrochara caraboides Linnaeus, 1758

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NCBI 1208885

Водолюб малый[1][2] (лат. Hydrochara caraboides) — водный жук из семейства водолюбов.

Описание

Небольшой жук длиной 13—18,5 мм[1]. Основной цвет окраски оливково-чёрный либо несколько темнее. Тело выпуклое, яйцевидное. Задние ноги слабо покрыты волосками. Челюстные щупики одноцветные, тёмноокрашенные[1].

Распространение

Почти повсеместно в Европе, Восточная Европа (за исключением крайнего севера), Крым, Южный Урал, Западная Сибирь[1].

Биология

Жуки обитают на небольшой глубине, предпочитая стоячие водоемы с заросшим и илистым дном. Самки откладывают яйца в кокон, при постройке которого им помогают самцы. Таких коконов жуки делают 2—3 штуки. Стадия яйца около 2 недель. Личинки, вышедшие из яйца, имеют по бокам каждого сегмента своего тела по перистому придатку, а на конце брюшка — два роговых крючка.

Личинки являются хищниками и питаются различными водными организмами. Окукливаются в почве на берегу водоемов.

Литература

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 4 Горностаев Г. Н. Насекомые СССР. (Справочники-определители географа и путешественника). М.: Мысль, 1970. 372 с.
  2. Станек В. Я. Иллюстрированная энциклопедия насекомых. — Прага: Артия, 1977. — 560 с.
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Водолюб малый: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Водолюб малый (лат. Hydrochara caraboides) — водный жук из семейства водолюбов.

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잔물땡땡이 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

잔물땡땡이물땡땡이과에 속하는 수서 곤충이다.[1] 몸길이는 15~20mm이고, 광택이 있는 흑색이며 긴 타원형이다. 논, 웅덩이, 연못, 인공호 등 정수역과 평지하천, 강 등 유수역에 서식한다. 유속이 완만하거나 정체되는 수변부의 식생이 풍부한 곳을 선호한다. 성충은 연중 볼 수 있는데 물속의 풀을 먹고, 마름이나 연의 잎 아랫면에 덩어리 형태로 주머니 속에 낳아서 물표면 가까이 있는 물풀에다 붙여 둔다. 애벌레는 여름에 보이며 작은 동물을 잡아먹는다. 가로등이나 전등불에도 많이 날아든다. 한국 전역, 일본, 중국, 몽골에 분포한다.[2][3] 짝찟기를 마친 암컷은 알집을 만들고 그 안에 약 30~50개의 알을 낳는다. 그리고 약 3~4일 후면 유충들이 단체로 부화한다. 잔물땡땡이 유충은 먹이를 먹을때 육지나 돌을 붙잡고고개를 들어 섭식하는 본능이 있다.

모기의 천적

잔물땡땡이는 모기유충(장구벌레)의 천적이다. 3령 잔물땡땡이 유충 1마리가 최대900마리의 장구벌레를 잡아먹을 수 있다.[4]

기후변화 지표종

논 환경 변화에 민감하고 일정한 방향의 반응을 보이는 생물종은 생물지표로 활용할 수 있는데, 생물계절 무인관측시스템을 이용하여 논 서식 애물땡땡이와 잔물땡땡이의 비행시기를 관측하였으며 관측 결과를 바탕으로 RCP 기후변화 시나리오를 적용하여 이들의 생물계절변화를 예측하는 실험을 하기도 하였다.

분석결과 애물땡땡이와 잔물땡땡이 모두 비행 시작시기가 2080년대에는 15일 이상 앞당겨지는 것으로 분석되었으며 비행시기의 변화는 2080년대로 갈수록 빨라지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 비행 기간도 단축되어 비행 종료시기는 2080년대에 27일 이상 빨라지는 것으로 예측되었다.

서식 위치에 따라서는 내륙보다는 해안에서 애물땡땡이와 잔물땡땡이의 생물계절 변화가 뚜렷한 것으로 나타났으며, 평야보다는 곡간지가, 도심지 보다 도외지가 생물계절 변화가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 애물땡땡이와 잔물땡땡이를 기후변화 지표종으로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.[5]

각주

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