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Schwefelköpfe ( German )

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Schwefelköpfe (Hypholoma, syn. Naematoloma) sind eine Pilzgattung aus der Familie Träuschlingsverwandten. Am bekanntesten und häufigsten sind der essbare Graublättrige Schwefelkopf (H. capnoides) und der giftige Grünblättrige Schwefelkopf (H. fasciculare), die Typusart der Gattung.[1]

Merkmale

Die mittelgroßen Fruchtkörper besitzen meist einen zentralen Stiel. Das Farbspektrum der Pilzkörper reicht von gelbbraun bis ziegelrot. Die Farbe des Sporenpulvers ist dunkel violettbraun bis fast schwarz. Die Fruchtkörperentwicklung verläuft hemiangiocarp, d. h. während des Wachstums ist der junge Fruchtkörper von einem Velum umgeben. Dieses Velum ist bei den Schwefelköpfen nur an ganz jungen Fruchtkörpern zu finden.

Verbreitung und Ökologie

Die Gattung ist weltweit verbreitet und ihre Vertreter wachsen bevorzugt saprobiontisch auf Totholz und Pflanzenresten. Einige Arten sind an Moore gebunden.

Arten

In Europa kommen rund 20 Arten vor bzw. sind dort zu erwarten.[2]

Aufgrund phylogenetischer Untersuchungen wird der Rausporige Torf-Schwefelkopf (Bogbodia uda, Syn. Hypholoma udum) nicht mehr zu den Schwefelköpfen, sondern in die Gattung Bogbodia gestellt.[3]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Elias Magnus Fries: Agaricus. In: Systema Mycologicum. Band 1. Lund, 1821, S. 288 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  2. Eric Strittmatter: Die Gattung Hypholoma. In: Fungiworld.com. Pilz-Taxa-Datenbank. 25. August 2010, archiviert vom Original am 23. Januar 2013; abgerufen am 19. August 2012 (inkl. Update Nr. 86).
  3. Scott A. Redhead: Index Fungorum no. 15. Abgerufen am 12. Januar 2021.
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Schwefelköpfe: Brief Summary ( German )

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Schwefelköpfe (Hypholoma, syn. Naematoloma) sind eine Pilzgattung aus der Familie Träuschlingsverwandten. Am bekanntesten und häufigsten sind der essbare Graublättrige Schwefelkopf (H. capnoides) und der giftige Grünblättrige Schwefelkopf (H. fasciculare), die Typusart der Gattung.

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Hypholoma

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Hypholoma is a genus of fungi which are quite well known due to the commonness of sulphur tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) on stumps in temperate woodlands. Species in this genus are easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside. Hypholoma means "mushrooms with threads" because of the thread-like veil that connects the cap to the stem when young and for the bundles of rhizomorphs which radiate outwards from the stem base.[2] Other well-known species are H. capnoides and H. lateritium.

Synonyms

Sometimes Hypholoma has not been considered a genus in its own right, but it has been grouped together with Stropharia and Psilocybe under the name of Geophila, Naematoloma, or Nematoloma.

General characteristics

  • The fruiting bodies mostly have a central stipe. Some are medium-sized and there are also smaller species. The caps range in colour from yellow/brown to brick red.
  • The spore colour is dark brown to black.
  • The cap is smooth.
  • The developing mushroom is enveloped in a veil, but in Hypholoma this can be seen only in very young examples. This means that there is no well-defined ring, and nor are there distinctive flakes on the cap, but there may be cottony ring zones on the stipe, sometimes coloured by the dark spores.
  • The genus is widespread throughout the world and its best known representatives grow on dead wood, whilst some others grow in moss, sometimes on moors.

Species

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hypholoma (Fr.) P.Kumm. 1871". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
  2. ^ Paul Stamets, Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms, p. 239, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed. (2000), ISBN 1-58008-175-4
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Hypholoma: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Hypholoma is a genus of fungi which are quite well known due to the commonness of sulphur tuft (Hypholoma fasciculare) on stumps in temperate woodlands. Species in this genus are easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside. Hypholoma means "mushrooms with threads" because of the thread-like veil that connects the cap to the stem when young and for the bundles of rhizomorphs which radiate outwards from the stem base. Other well-known species are H. capnoides and H. lateritium.

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Hypholoma ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src=
Especia de Hypholoma sin identificar.

Hypholoma es un género de hongos basidomicetos de la familia Strophariaceae. Tiene 25 especies reconocidas científicamente, con una distribución cosmopolita.[1]

Especies

Comestibilidad

Este género de hongos contiene especies tóxicas.

Referencias

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Hypholoma: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src= Especia de Hypholoma sin identificar.

Hypholoma es un género de hongos basidomicetos de la familia Strophariaceae. Tiene 25 especies reconocidas científicamente, con una distribución cosmopolita.​

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Hypholoma ( French )

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Hypholoma (les hypholomes) est un genre de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des strophariacées.

Leur nom est tiré du grec ûphos, "filament" et loma, "bord", en référence à la marge parfois frangée de leur cortine[1].

Caractéristiques

Les hypholomes présentent un chapeau ogival à l'état jeune, devenant galériculé en vieillissant. Ils ont des lames reliées par voile filaire qui relie le chapeau au pied quand ils sont jeunes.[précision nécessaire]

Ils sont généralement grégaires.

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Hypholome en Tasmanie, individus cespiteux

Liste des espèces

Le genre comprend une vingtaine d'espèces assez proches, dont :

  • Hypholoma acutum (Cooke) E. Horak 1971
  • Hypholoma capnoides (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1971
  • Hypholoma dispersum (Fr.) Quel. 1872
  • Hypholoma elongatipes (Peck) A.H. Sm. 1941
  • Hypholoma elongatum (Pers.) Ricken 1915
  • Hypholoma epixanthum (Fr.) Quel. 1872
  • Hypholoma ericaeoides P.D. Orton 1960
  • Hypholoma ericaeum (Pers.) Kuhner 1936
  • Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm. 1871 - espèce type
  • Hypholoma laeticolor (F.H. Muller) P.D. Orton 1960
  • Hypholoma lapponicum (Fr.) M.M. Moser 1967
  • Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871 (syn. de Hypholoma sublateritium) - espèce très commune
  • Hypholoma marginatum (Pers.) J. Schroet. 1889
  • Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange 1955
  • Hypholoma polytrichi (Fr.) Ricken 1912
  • Hypholoma radicosum J.E. Lange 1923
  • Hypholoma subericaeum (Fr.) Kuhner 1936
  • Hypholoma sublateritium (Fr.) Quélet 1873
  • Hypholoma udum (Pers.) Kuhner 1936
  • Hypholoma xanthocephalum P.D. Orton 1984

Sources

Galerie

Notes et références

  1. John Jaccottet, Les champignons dans la nature, Delachaux & Niestlé, 1957, p. 147

Voir aussi

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Hypholoma: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Hypholoma (les hypholomes) est un genre de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des strophariacées.

Leur nom est tiré du grec ûphos, "filament" et loma, "bord", en référence à la marge parfois frangée de leur cortine.

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Hypholoma ( Italian )

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Hypholoma (E. M. Fries) Kummer, Führ. Pilzk. 21, 72. 1871 (nom. cons.).

Graublaettriger.jpg

Al genere Hypholoma appartengono funghi con il velo "cortiniforme".
Le specie sono state ridotte unicamente a quelle di consistenza "tenace" poiché quelle "fragili" sono state incorporate nel genere Psathyrella.
Hanno affinità con le Pholiota, specialmente con il genere Flammula ma il colore delle spore le avvicina a quello delle Stropharia.

Descrizione del genere

Cappello

Emisferico o campanulato.

Lamelle

Fitte, adnate.

Gambo

Sottile, elastico, alla base, mancante di un vero anello, sostituito da filamenti detti velo o cortina, non sempre molto visibile.

Carne

Di consistenza soda ed elastica.

Odore e sapore: non significativi, talvolta molto sgradevoli.

Spore

Porporino-violette con poro germinativo, lisce.

Habitat

Il genere annovera sia specie lignicole che terricole; spesso fascicolate cioè a gruppi.

Commestibilità

Senza valore.

L'unica specie commestibile è la Hypholoma capnoides.

Attenzione
l'unica specie velenosa del genere è l'Hypholoma fasciculare, che si è rivelata molto pericolosa in quanto facilmente confondibile con specie eduli; tuttavia il suo sapore molto amaro la può rendere facilmente riconoscibile; si consiglia prudenza.

Specie di Hypholoma

La specie tipo è il già menzionato Hypholoma fasciculare (E. M. Fries : E. M. Fries) Kummer.

ALtre specie sono:

  • Hypholoma acutum (Cooke) E. Horak 1971
  • Hypholoma capnoides (Fr.) P. Kumm. 1971
  • Hypholoma dispersum (Fr.) Quel. 1872
  • Hypholoma elongatipes (Peck) A.H. Sm. 1941
  • Hypholoma elongatum (Pers.) Ricken 1915
  • Hypholoma epixanthum (Fr.) Quel. 1872
  • Hypholoma ericaeoides P.D. Orton 1960
  • Hypholoma ericaeum (Pers.) Kuhner 1936
  • Hypholoma laeticolor (F.H. Muller) P.D. Orton 1960
  • Hypholoma lapponicum (Fr.) M.M. Moser 1967
  • Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. 1871
  • Hypholoma marginatum (Pers.) J. Schroet. 1889
  • Hypholoma myosotis (Fr.) M. Lange 1955
  • Hypholoma polytrichi (Fr.) Ricken 1912
  • Hypholoma radicosum J.E. Lange 1923
  • Hypholoma rubrococcineum (Balletto) Bellù
  • Hypholoma subericaeum (Fr.) Kuhner 1936
  • Hypholoma sublateritium (Schaeff.) Qu?l. 1873
  • Hypholoma udum (Pers.) Kuhner 1936
  • Hypholoma xanthocephalum P.D. Orton 1984

Sinonimi e binomi obsoleti

  • Naematoloma P. A. Karsten, Bidrag Kännedom Finlands Natur Folk 32: xxv, 495. ante Apr 1880 ('1879').

Galleria d'immagini

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Hypholoma: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Hypholoma (E. M. Fries) Kummer, Führ. Pilzk. 21, 72. 1871 (nom. cons.).

Graublaettriger.jpg

Al genere Hypholoma appartengono funghi con il velo "cortiniforme".
Le specie sono state ridotte unicamente a quelle di consistenza "tenace" poiché quelle "fragili" sono state incorporate nel genere Psathyrella.
Hanno affinità con le Pholiota, specialmente con il genere Flammula ma il colore delle spore le avvicina a quello delle Stropharia.

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Kelmabudė ( Lithuanian )

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Kelmabudė (lot. Hypholoma) – gleiviabudinių šeimos grybų gentis.

Lietuvoje auga šios rūšys:

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