Morpho deidamia Hübner 1816

Morpho deidamia, the Deidamia morpho, is a Neotropical butterfly. It is found in Panama, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Suriname, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil. It is a species group, which may be, or may not be several species. Many subspecies have been described.

Description

The basal part of the upper surface in the males brilliant steel blue, the distal area of both wings delicate light blue. But in the female the proximal region is darkened, being broadly black, though with intensive metallic reflection. Forewing with three white median dots, the light blue restricted to a relatively narrow median area.

Taxonomy

The accepted subspecies are:

• M. d. neoptolemus Wood, 1863 (Brazil: Amazonas, Colombia, Peru) Basal part of both wings black brown, only distally with slight dark blue sheen. Female: The blue median band of both wings broader, darker but more glossy blue than in the nominate deidamia. Under surface with somewhat less extended red submarginal patches, but with more copious white reticulation.
• M. d. granadensis C. & R. Felder, [1867] (Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela) Upper surface similar to Morpho peleides, but the black distal border considerably more extended, the wings more rounded, the Morpho reflection deeper blue, and especially characterized by its large, light cinnamon-brown ringed ocelli, those on the forewing of uniform size, whilst on the hindwing the apical eyespots far surpass the three closely approximated anal ocelli.
• M. d. polybaptus Butler, 1875 (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama) The black distal area of the upper surface somewhat widened and the white subapical spot of the forewing more strongly expressed. On the under surface the whitish yellow anteterminal bands are more prominent and the bordering to the ocelli is of a finer bronzy greenish colour. Median band of the hindwing strongly elbowed, distally with a nose-shaped projection in the middle of the wing.
• M. d. pyrrhus Staudinger, 1887 (Peru)
• M. d. electra Röber, 1903 (Bolivia) A highly specialized local form from Bolivia with the hindwing decidedly more rounded and the forewing shorter. The upper surface is brilliant light blue, in certain lights with greenish gloss. The black distal margin very narrow, at the hinder angle of the forewing only about 2 mm and at the apex about 10 mm, in the middle of the hindwing about 3 mm in breadth. In the apex of the forewing are placed two white spots; the costal margin of the forewing is brown black from the base to the discocellular, the white costal spot which follows about 10 mm in length. The base of the wing only very slightly darkened. Under surface dark red brown; the form of the light markings quite similar to those of deidamia, but the eyespots much smaller, margined with red yellow (granadensis Felder, but the subapical eyespot of the hindwing is considerably larger in the latter), the distal-marginal markings are white (not yellow as in deidamia), the proximal silver white markings reduced, less continuous, and at the distal margin of the hindwing there are only small, narrow red longitudinal spots (no transverse band).
• M. d. hermione Röber, 1903 (Colombia) Differs from the typical deidamia of the Lower Amazon in having the black distal border much narrower; at the posterior angle of the forewing it is only about 2 mm in breadth, but gradually widens and at the apex attains a breadth of about 1.5 mm; the distal margin of the hindwing is about 3 mm in breadth in the middle. The greenish-blue median band is about 25 mm in breadth, with its proximal boundary sharp and almost straight, the distal indistinct. The dark brown basal part is about 18 mm in breadth and has only in the distal third a dark blue gloss. In the apex of the forewing are placed two small, distinct white spots and one very indistinct light one. At the costal margin of the forewing there is a small white spot. At the inner angle of the hindwing there are only traces of small reddish spots. The under surface is dark mahogany brown, on the hindwing somewhat lighter about the veins, the light markings are in shape almost like those of deidamia, but are much less developed (narrower) and of the submarginal brick-red spots of the hindwing only slight traces are present.
• M. d. neoptolemus Fruhstorfer, 1907 (Ecuador, Colombia) Basal part of both wings black brown, only distally with slight dark blue sheen. Female: the blue median band of both wings broader, darker but more glossy blue than in deidamia from Surmame and Obidos. Under surface with somewhat less extended red submarginal patches, but with more copious white reticulation.
• M. d. guaraura Le Cerf, 1925 (Venezuela)
• M. d. diomedes Weber, 1944 (Peru)
• M. d. diffusa Le Moult & Réal, 1962 (Brazil: Maranhão)
• M. d. steinbachi Le Moult & Réal, 1962 (Bolivia)

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  Morpho deidamia deidamia, male - MHNT

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  Morpho deidamia deidamia, male underside - MHNT

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  Morpho deidamia deidamia, female - MHNT

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  Morpho deidamia deidamia, female underside - MHNT

Etymology

Deidamia was the daughter of Lycomedes, king of Scyros, figures in Greek mythology.

In pop culture

The butterflies that often surround Soubi in the anime Loveless are probably males of this species.

References

• Le Moult (E.) & Réal (P.), 1962–1963. Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult, Paris.
• Paul Smart, 1976 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World in Color. London, Salamander: Encyclopedie des papillons. Lausanne, Elsevier Sequoia (French language edition) ISBN 9780948427046 ISBN 0600313816 page 236 fig. 1 (Guyana) fig. 2 underside (Guyana)

Morpho (Morpho) deidamia est une espèce d'insectes lépidoptères (papillons) qui appartient à la famille des nymphalidés, sous-famille des Morphinae, à la tribu des Morphini et au genre Morpho.

Description

Morpho deidamia est un très grand papillon d'une envergure allant de 150 mm à 170 mm, aux ailes antérieures à bord externe concave^[1]. Le dessus des ailes du mâle est bleu avec une bande basale noire se prolongeant au bord interne des ailes postérieures jusqu'à l'angle anal et une bordure noire du bord externe légèrement festonné des ailes antérieures et postérieures. Elles peuvent être assez larges ne laissant qu'une bande bleue ou étroites et presque toute l'aile est bleue. Le dessus des ailes de la femelle est marron orné d'une bande suffusée de bleu^[2].

Le revers est marron orné d'une ligne de gros ocelles noirs cernés de jaune, trois aux ailes antérieures et quatre aux ailes postérieures.

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♀ - MHNT

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♀ △ - MHNT

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♂ - MHNT

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♂ △ - MHNT

Biologie

Plantes hôtes

Les plantes hôtes de la chenille sont diverses Fabaceae, et Macharium seemani pour Morpho deidamia granadensis^[3].

Écologie et distribution

Morpho deidamia est présent au Nicaragua, au Costa Rica, à Panama, au Venezuela, au Suriname, en Guyane, en Colombie, en Équateur, en Bolivie, au Pérou et au Brésil^[3].

Biotope

Morpho deidamia réside dans tous les types de forêt, et jusqu'à une altitude de 1 400 m^[4].

Systématique

• L'espèce Morpho deidamia a été décrite par l'entomologiste allemand Jakob Hübner en 1819 sous le nom initial de Leonte deidamia^[3]. Deidamia était la fille de Lycomède, roi de Scyros, dans la mythologie grecque.
• La localité type est le Surinam.

Synonymie

• Leonte deidamia (Hübner, 1819) Protonyme
• Morpho deidamia erica Fruhstorfer, 1907^[5]
• Morpho deidamia praenestina Fruhstorfer, 1913
• Morpho neoptolemus schematica Le Moult & Réal, 1962
• Morpho neoptolemus faroensis Le Moult & Réal, 1962

Nom vernaculaire

En anglais Morpho deidamia se nomme Marbled Morpho et Morpho deidamia granadensis comme Morpho deidamia polybaptus Scarce Morpho. En Guyane il est appelé Bleu Barré du fait de sa silhouette laissant penser à un Morpho Menelaus ayant des ailes barrées de noir^[4],[6].

Taxinomie

Le nom complet est Morpho (Morpho) deidamia

Sous-espèces

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ; présent au Venezuela, au Suriname et au Brésil.
• Morpho deidamia diffusa Le Moult & Réal, 1962 ; présent au Brésil.
• Morpho deidamia diomedes Weber, 1944 ; présent au Pérou.
• Morpho deidamia electra Röber, 1903 ; présent en Bolivie
• Morpho deidamia granadensis C. & R. Felder, [1867] ; présent à Panama, au Nicaragua, au Venezuela, en Colombie et en Équateur.
• Morpho deidamia guaraura Le Cerf, 1925 ; présent au Venezuela.
• Morpho deidamia hermione Röber, 1903 ; présent en Colombie.
• Morpho deidamia neoptolemus Wood 1863 et Fruhstorfer, 1907 ; présent en Colombie, en Équateur, au Pérou et au Brésil.
• Morpho deidamia polybaptus Butler, 1875 ; présent à Panama, au Nicaragua et au Costa Rica.
• Morpho deidamia pyrrhus Staudinger, 1887 ; présent au Pérou
• Morpho deidamia steinbachi Le Moult & Réal, 1962 ; présent en Bolivie^[3].

• Morpho deidamia granadensis

• Morpho deidamia polybaptus

• Morpho deidamia pyrrhus

Morpho deidamia et l'Homme

Protection

Pas de statut de protection particulier^[1].

Notes et références

Morpho deidamia est papilio neotropica, in Panama, Nicaragua, Ora Opulenta, Surinamia, Bolivia, Columbia, Peruvia, Aequatoria, et Brasilia endemicus. Putatur grex specierum, qui fortasse est, aut non est, nonnullae species. Multae species descriptae sunt.

Etymologia

Deidamia fuit filia Lycomedis, Regis Scyri, qui est persona in mythologia Graeca.

Taxinomia

Subspecies acceptae sunt:

• M. d. neoptolemus Wood, 1863 (Brasilia [Amazonas], Columbia, Peruvia)
• M. d. granadensis C. & R. Felder, [1867] (Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Aequatoria, Venetiola)
• M. d. polybaptus Butler, 1875 (Nicaragua, Ora Opulenta, Panama)
• M. d. pyrrhus Staudinger, 1887 (Peruvia)
• M. d. electra Röber, 1903 (Bolivia)
• M. d. hermione Röber, 1903 (Columbia)
• M. d. neoptolemus Fruhstorfer, 1907 (Aequatoria, Columbia = deidamia neoptolemus Fruhstorfer, 1907)
• M. d. guaraura Le Cerf, 1925 (Venetiola = deidamia)
• M. d. diomedes Weber, 1944 (Peruvia)
• M. d. diffusa Le Moult & Réal, 1962 (Brasilia [Maranhão])
• M. d. steinbachi Le Moult & Réal, 1962 (Bolivia)

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♂ (MHNT)

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♂ △ (MHNT)

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♀

• Morpho deidamia deidamia ♀ △

In cultura populari

Papiliones qui Soubi in anime Loveless saepe circumvolitant probabiliter sunt mares huius speciei.

Bibliographia

• Le Moult, Eugène, et Pierre Réal. 1962–1963. Les Morpho d'Amérique du Sud et Centrale. Lutetiae: Editions du cabinet entomologique E. Le Moult.

Nexus externi

• Morpho, ftp.funet.fi
• Photogrammata, en.butterflycorner.net

Morpho deidamia is een vlinder uit de onderfamilie Satyrinae.

Kenmerken

De bovenzijde van de vleugels vertoont een brede band van blauwe weerschijnkleuren, terwijl de onderzijde een bruin vlekkenpatroon toont met oogvormige structuren. De kleurverschillen tussen onder- en bovenvleugels veroorzaken verwarring bij eventuele belagers. De vlinder heeft een spanwijdte tussen de 100 en 120 millimeter.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze vlindersoort komt voor in de regenwouden van noordelijk Zuid-Amerika, met name van Guyana tot het Amazonebekken langs bosranden en rivieroevers.

De rups en zijn waardplanten

Voedselplanten van de vlinder zijn van de familie Leguminosae.

Morpho deidamia é uma borboleta neotropical da família Nymphalidae, subfamília Satyrinae^[2] e tribo Morphini,^[1] descrita em 1819 por Jakob Hübner e com subespécies distribuídas pela Nicarágua, Costa Rica, Panamá, Guianas, Venezuela, Colômbia, Equador, Peru, Bolívia e Brasil (Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão), em altitudes de zero a 1.400 metros.^[4][3] Segundo Adrian Hoskins, esta espécie está adaptada para se reproduzir em uma ampla variedade de habitats florestais, ocorrendo em florestas decíduas secas da Nicarágua e com maior frequência em floresta primária tropical.^[4] Visto por cima, o padrão básico (macho) apresenta asas de coloração azul iridescente com a tonalidade escurecendo próximo ao corpo do inseto e com as pontas das asas anteriores de coloração enegrecida e contendo três^[5] a mais de cinco^[6] pontuações brancas.^[7] Em M. deidamia, vista por baixo, se apresenta um número de sete ocelos desenvolvidos em cada par (anterior e posterior) de asas.^[8][9][7] O dimorfismo sexual é acentuado, com as fêmeas de dimensões maiores e menos frequentes; reconhecidas pelas margens escuras mais amplas sobre a superfície das asas.^[10] Sua envergadura vai de 15 a 17 centímetros.^[11]

Hábitos

Adrian Hoskins cita que os machos de M. deidamia, e da maioria das espécies de Morpho, patrulham trilhas ao longo dos cursos de córregos e rios. Nas tardes quentes e ensolaradas, às vezes, podem ser encontradas absorvendo a umidade da areia ou do solo com urina;^[4] também alimentando-se de frutos em fermentação.^[8]

Subespécies

M. deidamia possui doze subespécies:^[3]

• Morpho deidamia deidamia - Descrita por Hübner em 1819, de exemplar proveniente do Suriname.^[5][9]
• Morpho deidamia neoptolemus - Descrita por Wood em 1863, de exemplar proveniente do Brasil (Amazonas).^[12]
• Morpho deidamia granadensis - Descrita por C. & R. Felder em 1867, de exemplar proveniente da Nicarágua.^[6]
• Morpho deidamia polybaptus - Descrita por Butler em 1875, de exemplar proveniente da Costa Rica.
• Morpho deidamia pyrrhus - Descrita por Staudinger em 1887, de exemplar proveniente do Peru.^[13]
• Morpho deidamia electra - Descrita por Röber em 1903, de exemplar proveniente da Bolívia.
• Morpho deidamia hermione - Descrita por Röber em 1903, de exemplar proveniente da Colômbia.^[14]
• Morpho deidamia lycanor - Descrita por Fruhstorfer em 1907, de exemplar proveniente do Equador.^[15]
• Morpho deidamia guaraura - Descrita por Le Cerf em 1925, de exemplar proveniente da Venezuela.
• Morpho deidamia diomedes - Descrita por Weber em 1944, de exemplar proveniente do Peru.
• Morpho deidamia diffusa - Descrita por Le Moult & Réal em 1962, de exemplar proveniente do Brasil (Maranhão).
• Morpho deidamia steinbachi - Descrita por Le Moult & Réal em 1962, de exemplar proveniente da Bolívia.^[16]

Referências