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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 7 years (captivity) Observations: One captive specimen lived for 7 years (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Trophic Strategy

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The diet of Indian gerbils consists of grasses, leaves, roots, and grains. They also eats grubs, insects, and nestling ground birds. T. indica store grain in their burrows for consumption in the dry season and move on to roots and fruits of plants when the stores have been consumed. During the wet season insect availability increases and the proportion of insects and other arthropods in their diet rises to as high as 40%. This species has also been known to kill and eat smaller rodents and other mammals. Cannibalism on young is common in both captivity and the wild.

Animal Foods: birds; mammals; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Behavior

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Little research has been conducted on communication in Tatera indica. However, like most mammals, they communicate through auditory, chemical, visual, and tactile signals. As nocturnal rodents it is likely that they perceive their environment largely through auditory and chemical signals, as well as using their vibrissae to sense tactile stimuli.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Conservation Status

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Tatera indica is not listed by CITES or the IUCN, they are the most common species of gerbil in the Indian subcontinent and are abundant throughout their range.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Benefits

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Tatera indica are crop pests, especially in areas where grain is stored. The animals will feed on seeds, sprouts, mature plants, ears of corn, and saplings in orchards.

The presence of this species in villages results in transfer of fleas from wild to domestic rodents, which may be partly responsible for the transmission of bubonic plague in and around India.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (carries human disease); crop pest

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Benefits

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These gerbils consume large quantities of insects which are potential agricultural pests. Indian gerbils are also hunted for food in southern India.

Positive Impacts: food ; controls pest population

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Associations

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The role of Tatera indica in the ecosystem is not well understood. However, it is clear that, through their abundance and food habits, they significantly impact populations of plants and arthropods throughout their range. They also serve as an important prey base for birds of prey and other small to medium-sized predators. Their burrowing activities aid in soil turnover and the re-distribution of soil nutrients.

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Distribution

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The range of Tatera indica includes India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, as far west as Syria, and north to Afghanistan and Nepal.

Biogeographic Regions: palearctic ; oriental

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Habitat

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Tatera indica individuals prefer sandy plains and grasslands that allow extensive burrowing. They will dig extensive burrows with chambers for resting, food storage, and sleeping. The depth of a burrow depends on the surrounding soil composition and season. These gerbils are generally not found in areas with very low rainfall or cold temperatures. They occupy almost any kind of habitat if there is enough suitable food and are found frequently near agricultural fields. These are perhaps the most common gerbil species throughout much of their range.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland

Other Habitat Features: agricultural

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Life Expectancy

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A captive Tatera indica lived for 7 years. In the wild, however, most individuals don't survive their first year of life and adults probably live only a few years.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
7 (high) years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
7.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
7.0 years.

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Morphology

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Tatera indica is one of the largest species in the murid subfamily Gerbillinae. Body mass ranges from 100 to 227 grams, and body length from 15 to 17 centimeters. Color ranges from reddish brown to fawn. Thick fur covers the body but the tail hair is sparse. A small tuft of black hair is found at the tip of the tail. The tail is approximately one half the body length of the animal and has a light brown band on each side. The soles of the feet are hairless and pigmented, as in other members of the genus Tatera, while the ears are also naked and elongated.

Range mass: 100 to 227 g.

Range length: 150 to 170 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.422 W.

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Associations

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These gerbils are primarily preyed on by birds of prey, especially owls. Jackals, snakes, lizards, cats, and foxes will also eat these gerbils. Their primary means of escaping predation are nocturnality, escaping to their burrows, and heightened senses that allow them to detect predators. They are also very fast and can leap meters into the air when surprised.

Known Predators:

  • owls (Strigiformes)
  • hawks and falcons (Accipitridae)
  • golden jackals (Canis aureus)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
  • monitor lizards (Varanus)
  • foxes (Vulpes)
  • domestic cats (Felis silvestris)
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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Reproduction

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Males and females of this species live apart. The relationship between the sexes is currently not known.

It is not yet known whether mating occurs above or below ground in burrows. Duration of the estrous cycle was found to be 4.5 days in the laboratory. The gestation period for T. indica ranges from 21 to 30 days, with litter size ranging from 1 to 10 young, with 5 to 6 being the most common number of young per litter. Young Indian gerbils are independent as early as 21 days of age and reach sexual maturity as early as 10 weeks of age. Females attain sexual maturity earlier than males.

Breeding interval: Indian gerbils can breed multiple times throughout the year, the interval is not well known.

Breeding season: Indian gerbils breed throughout the year, with peaks in February, July, August, and November.

Range number of offspring: 4 to 10.

Range gestation period: 21 to 30 days.

Range time to independence: 21 (low) days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 (low) weeks.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 10 (low) weeks.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 3 g.

Average number of offspring: 5.4.

Parental care in T. indica has not been described. However, as in all mammals, females nurse and care for their young until they reach independence. The young are born in a relatively helpless state in a nest chamber in a burrow. Their eyes open at 14 days old.

Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care

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Mott, S. 2004. "Tatera indica" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tatera_indica.html
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Tatera indica ( Asturian )

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El jerbillo de la India (Tatera indica) ye una especie de royedor miomorfu de la familia Muridae. Ye la única especie del xéneru Tatera.

Distribución

Alcuéntrase n'Afganistán, India, Irán, Iraq, Kuwait, Nepal, Paquistán, Sri Lanka y Siria.

Referencies

  • Baillie, J. 1996. Tatera indica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Daos de 9 de Julho de 2007.
  • MUSSER, G. G.; CARLETON, M. D. Superfamily Muroidea. In: WILSON, D. Y.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 2, p. 894-1531.

Enllaces esternos

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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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El jerbillo de la India (Tatera indica) ye una especie de royedor miomorfu de la familia Muridae. Ye la única especie del xéneru Tatera.

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Tatera indica ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Tatera indica és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels múrids. Viu a altituds d'entre 0 i 2.000 msnm a l'Afganistan, l'Índia, l'Iran, l'Iraq, Kuwait, el Nepal, el Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Síria i Turquia. Ocupa una gran varietat d'hàbitats secs i àrids, com ara boscos caducifolis, boscos amb matolls, herbassars, zones rocoses i deserts calorosos. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]

Referències

  1. Kryštufek, B. Tatera indica. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 2 juliol 2017.
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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Tatera indica és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels múrids. Viu a altituds d'entre 0 i 2.000 msnm a l'Afganistan, l'Índia, l'Iran, l'Iraq, Kuwait, el Nepal, el Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Síria i Turquia. Ocupa una gran varietat d'hàbitats secs i àrids, com ara boscos caducifolis, boscos amb matolls, herbassars, zones rocoses i deserts calorosos. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.

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Indische Nacktsohlenrennmaus ( German )

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Die Indische Nacktsohlenrennmaus (Tatera indica) ist ein Nagetier in der Unterfamilie der Rennmäuse (Gerbillinae) und der einzige Vertreter der monotypischen Gattung Tatera. In verschiedenen älteren Abhandlungen wurden die Nacktsohlen-Rennmäuse (Gerbilliscus) in Tatera eingeordnet.[1]

Merkmale

Fünf Exemplare, die 2001 während einer Studie gemessen wurden, hatten eine Gesamtlänge von 368 bis 480 mm, eine Schwanzlänge von 181 bis 198 mm, 45 bis 59 mm lange Hinterfüße sowie ein Gewicht von 200 bis 270 g. Die Haare der Oberseite besitzen eine aschgraue Basis, einen gelben Mittelteil sowie schwarze Spitzen. Somit ergibt sich für das Fell der Oberseite eine gesprenkelte gelblich-rehfarbene bis orangebraune Tönung. An den Wangen sowie an den Körperseiten ändert sich die Farbe zu schmutzig weiß, während die Unterseite reinweiß ist. Es kommen helle Augenringe vor.[2] Der Schwanz ist mit kurzen Haaren bedeckt, mit Ausnahme der schwarzen Quaste an der Spitze. Die 28 bis 30 mm langen Ohren sind fast nackt.[3]

Verbreitung und Habitat

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Indischen Nacktsohlenrennmaus reicht von der südöstlichen Türkei über Syrien, Irak, Iran, Afghanistan und Pakistan bis nach Indien, Sri Lanka und Süd-Nepal. Diese Rennmaus hält sich im Flachland sowie in Regionen bis 2000 Meter Höhe auf. Sie kann sich an verschiedene aride Habitate anpassen. Die Art wurde unter anderem in Wüsten und Halbwüsten, in Grasländern, in Gebüschflächen, in Laubwäldern, in felsigen Gebieten sowie auf Ackerflächen angetroffen. Sie meidet jedoch Regionen mit intensiver Landwirtschaft.[4]

Lebensweise

Die Indische Nacktsohlenrennmaus gräbt unterirdische Tunnelsysteme mit zwei Ausgängen, die in ihrer Form einem Y ähneln. Aufgrund hoher Außentemperaturen liegen die tiefsten Bereiche des Baus im Sommer tiefer. Mit Ausnahme von Weibchen mit Jungtieren bewohnt jedes Exemplar einen eigenen Bau. Die Tiere sind nachtaktiv und halten sich meist in der Nähe des Baus auf. Zwischen Individuen benachbarter Baue kann es zu kleineren Rangeleien kommen.[3]

Die Zusammensetzung der Nahrung variiert je nach Verbreitung und Jahreszeit. Körner und Samen werden vor allem in feuchten Monaten aufgenommen. Frisches Saatgut spielt dagegen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. In den Trockenperioden besteht die Nahrung vorwiegend aus Rhizomen von Gräsern. Über das ganze Jahr stellen Insekten und andere Wirbellose eine Ergänzung dar. Gelegentlich jagt diese Rennmaus andere kleine Säugetiere. Weiterhin kommt in verschiedenen Fällen Kannibalismus an den eigenen Jungtieren vor.[5][3]

Das Fortpflanzungsverhalten wurde hauptsächlich anhand von Labortieren ermittelt. Bei diesen waren Weibchen zu verschiedenen Jahreszeiten paarungsbereit. Nach einer Trächtigkeit von 21 bis 30 Tagen erfolgte die Geburt von bis zu 10 Jungtieren, meist 5 oder 6. Diese wiegen etwa 3 g und sind blind und hilflos. Sie öffnen die Augen nach zwei Wochen und erhalten etwa 24 Tage Muttermilch. Die Geschlechtsreife tritt bei Weibchen durchschnittlich nach 77 Tagen ein, während Männchen etwa nach 91 Tagen geschlechtsreif werden. Einzelne Exemplare erreichten in Gefangenschaft ein Alter von 7 Jahren.[3][6]

Indische Nacktsohlenrennmäuse und Menschen

Die Tiere gelten einerseits als Pflanzenschädlinge wenn sie Getreide, Mais oder andere Nutzpflanzen fressen.[3] Andererseits stellen sie eine beachtliche landwirtschaftliche Hilfe dar, da Unkräuter, Erdraupen und Insektenlarven zu ihrer Nahrung zählen.[5]

Im Süden Indiens wird die Art als Fleischlieferant gejagt.[3]

Für den Gesamtbestand liegt keine nennenswerte Bedrohung vor. Die IUCN listet die Indische Nacktsohlenrennmaus als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern).[4]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 3. Auflage. 2 Bände. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (englisch, Tatera, Tatera indica).
  2. N. Yigit et al. A Study on the Distribution, Morphology and Karyology of Tatera indica, Turk J Zool, 25 (2001) 67–70.
  3. a b c d e f Stephanie Mott: Indian gerbil im Animal Diversity Web der University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Abgerufen: 9. Oktober 2016.
  4. a b Tatera indica in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2016.2. Eingestellt von: Kryštufek, B., Shenbrot, G., Sozen, M. & Molur, S., 2008. Abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2016.
  5. a b M.R.N. Prasad Food of the Indian Gerbille, The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Band 52, 1954, S. 321–325
  6. Tatera indica, The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database
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Indische Nacktsohlenrennmaus: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Indische Nacktsohlenrennmaus (Tatera indica) ist ein Nagetier in der Unterfamilie der Rennmäuse (Gerbillinae) und der einzige Vertreter der monotypischen Gattung Tatera. In verschiedenen älteren Abhandlungen wurden die Nacktsohlen-Rennmäuse (Gerbilliscus) in Tatera eingeordnet.

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மறிமான் எலி ( Tamil )

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மறிமான் எலி (Tatera indica) என்பது பாலைவன எலி வகையைச் சேர்ந்த கொறிணி ஆகும். இது தென்னாசியாவில் உள்ள சிரியாவில் இருந்து வங்காளதேசம் வரை உள்ள பகுதிகளில் காணப்படுகிறது.[1]

மேற்கோள்கள்

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மறிமான் எலி: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

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மறிமான் எலி (Tatera indica) என்பது பாலைவன எலி வகையைச் சேர்ந்த கொறிணி ஆகும். இது தென்னாசியாவில் உள்ள சிரியாவில் இருந்து வங்காளதேசம் வரை உள்ள பகுதிகளில் காணப்படுகிறது.

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దుప్పి ఎలుక ( Telugu )

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దుప్పి ఎలుక (ఆంగ్లం Indian Gerbil లేదా లాటిన్ Tatera indica) మ్యురిడే కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఎలుక. ఇవి ఆఫ్ఘనిస్థాన్, చైనా, ఇరాన్, ఇరాక్, కువైట్, నేపాల్, పాకిస్థాన్, శ్రీలంక, సిరియా దేశాలలో విస్తరించాయి. ఇవి టటేరా (Tatera) ప్రజాతికి చెందిన ఏకైక జాతికి చెందిన జీవులు.

మూలాలు

  • Baillie, J. 1996. Tatera indica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 July 2007.
  • Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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దుప్పి ఎలుక: Brief Summary ( Telugu )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

దుప్పి ఎలుక (ఆంగ్లం Indian Gerbil లేదా లాటిన్ Tatera indica) మ్యురిడే కుటుంబానికి చెందిన ఎలుక. ఇవి ఆఫ్ఘనిస్థాన్, చైనా, ఇరాన్, ఇరాక్, కువైట్, నేపాల్, పాకిస్థాన్, శ్రీలంక, సిరియా దేశాలలో విస్తరించాయి. ఇవి టటేరా (Tatera) ప్రజాతికి చెందిన ఏకైక జాతికి చెందిన జీవులు.

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Indian gerbil

provided by wikipedia EN

The Indian gerbil (Tatera indica) also known as antelope rat, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.

It is found in southern Asia from Syria to Bangladesh.[2]

It is the only species in the genus Tatera. Members of the genus Gerbilliscus have historically been placed in Tatera.

Description

Head and body length is 17–20 cm. Tail is 20–21 cm. Dorsal surface including entire head is light brown or light brown with rusty wash. Underparts are white. Tail fully furred, dark blackish brown with grayish sides and prominent black tuft on tip. Fur on body soft, sparse underneath; tail fur is longer. Eyes are large and prominent. Bounding gait is distinguished when running.[3]

Reproduction

Both the sexes of this species lives apart. The relation between male and female gerbils is not known yet.[4]

Diet

Omnivorous. Known to eat grains, seeds, plants, roots, insects, reptiles and even small birds and mammals it can catch.[3]

References

  1. ^ Kryštufek, B.; Shenbrot, G.; Sozen, M.; Molur, S. (2017). "Tatera indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T21514A22411969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21514A22411969.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Red List of Bangladesh : Volume 2 : Mammals" (PDF). Portals.iucn.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b Yapa, A.; Ratnavira, G. (2013). Mammals of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka. p. 1012. ISBN 978-955-8576-32-8.
  4. ^ Stephanie Mott. "ADW: Tatera indica: INFORMATION". Animaldiversity.org. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
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Indian gerbil: Brief Summary

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The Indian gerbil (Tatera indica) also known as antelope rat, is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.

It is found in southern Asia from Syria to Bangladesh.

It is the only species in the genus Tatera. Members of the genus Gerbilliscus have historically been placed in Tatera.

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Tatera indica ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El jerbillo de la India (Tatera indica) es una especie de roedor miomorfo de la familia Muridae. Es la única especie del género Tatera.

Distribución

Se encuentra en Afganistán, India, Irán, Irak, Kuwait, Nepal, Pakistán, Sri Lanka y Siria.

Referencias

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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El jerbillo de la India (Tatera indica) es una especie de roedor miomorfo de la familia Muridae. Es la única especie del género Tatera.

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Tatera indica ( Basque )

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Tatera indica Tatera generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Gerbillinae azpifamilia eta Muridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Hardwicke (1807) Muridae Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 279. or..

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Tatera indica Tatera generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Gerbillinae azpifamilia eta Muridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Tatera indica ( French )

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La Gerbille d'Inde (Tatera indica) est la seule espèce du genre Tatera depuis la séparation de Gerbilliscus. Cette gerbille est un rongeur de la famille des Muridés.

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Seirbil Indiach ( Irish )

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Is ainmhí í an seirbil Indiach. Mamach atá ann.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Tatera indica ( Italian )

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Il gerbillo indiano (Tatera indica Hardwicke, 1807) è un roditore della famiglia dei Muridi, unica specie del genere Tatera (Lataste, 1882), diffuso nel Medio Oriente e nel Subcontinente indiano.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Roditore di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 150 e 210 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 160 e 220 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 40 e 50 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 25 e 30 mm e un peso fino a 190 g.[3]

Caratteristiche craniche e dentarie

Il cranio è grande, con le ossa nasali insolitamente allungate e le placche zigomatiche fortemente rivolte in avanti. Sono presenti quattro fori palatali, la coppia anteriore è molto allungata. La bolla timpanica è relativamente piccola, in rapporto agli altri membri della sottofamiglia dei Gerbillini.

Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:

3 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 Totale: 16 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;

Aspetto

Le parti superiori variano dal color sabbia al fulvo, mentre le parti inferiori sono bianche. La linea di demarcazione lungo i fianchi è netta. Sono presenti delle macchie bianche sopra e dietro ogni occhio, dietro ogni orecchio e sull'intero labbro superiore. Gli occhi sono grandi. Le orecchie sono di proporzioni moderate, rotonde e finemente ricoperte di peli. Il dorso delle zampe è biancastro. La pianta dei piedi è priva di peli, mentre le estremità sono ricoperte di piccoli granuli. Sono presenti 4 cuscinetti carnosi. La coda è più lunga della testa e del corpo, è marrone con i lati più chiari e tende a divenire nerastra verso la punta dove è presente un ciuffo di lunghi peli neri. Le femmine hanno 2 paia di mammelle pettorali e 2 paia inguinali. Il cariotipo è 2n=68 FN=82-84-86.

Biologia

Comportamento

È una specie fossoria, gregaria e notturna. Vive all'interno di tane costruite in ambienti ruderali, sabbiosi, ghiaiosi e rocciosi. Nelle città indiane sono state osservate tane lungo i marciapiedi delle strade principali. In queste aree possono raggiungere una densità di 175-460 individui per ettaro, mentre nelle zone agricole soltanto 10 per ettaro.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di rizomi, semi d'erba, granaglie, foglie, fiori, insetti e lumache. Viene considerata una piaga dagli agricoltori.

Riproduzione

In Rajasthan è stato registrato un periodo riproduttivo annuale, mentre in India meridionale si riproduce da agosto a marzo. Le femmine danno alla luce 1-9 piccoli dopo una gestazione di 26-30 giorni. Mediamente possono partorire fino a 18 cuccioli l'anno. L'estro dura mediamente 4,82 giorni. I nascituri aprono gli occhi dopo 14 giorni e vengono svezzati dopo 21-30 giorni. Raggiungono la maturità sessuale dopo 10-16 settimane. L'aspettativa di vita in cattività è di 7 anni.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa in Asia, dall'Anatolia sud-orientale fino all'India orientale, Sri Lanka e a nord fino alle pendici dell'Himalaya.

Vive in foreste decidue secche, boscaglie, praterie, arbusteti, zone rocciose, deserti caldi, regioni aride e semi-aride e aree non coltivate fino a 2.000 metri di altitudine.

Tassonomia

Sono state riconosciute 3 sottospecie[4]

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale e la popolazione numerosa, classifica T.indica come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Kryštufek, B., Shenbrot, G., Sozen, M. & Molur, S. 2008, Tatera indica, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Tatera indica, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Aulagnier & Al., 2011.
  4. ^ Agrawal, 2000.

Bibliografia

  • Ronald M. Novak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780801857898
  • V.C.Agrawal, Taxonomic studies on Indian Muridae and Hystricidae (Mammalia: Rodentia), in Records of the Zoological Survey of India, vol. 180, 2000, pp. 1-177.
  • Stephan Aulagnier & Al., Guide des mammiferes d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient, Delachaux & Niestlé SA, Parigi, 2011, ISBN 9788889999707.

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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il gerbillo indiano (Tatera indica Hardwicke, 1807) è un roditore della famiglia dei Muridi, unica specie del genere Tatera (Lataste, 1882), diffuso nel Medio Oriente e nel Subcontinente indiano.

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Plikapėdės smiltpelės ( Lithuanian )

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Plikapėdės smiltpelės (lot. Tatera, angl. Large naked - soled gerbils, vok. Nacktsohlenrennmäuse) – pelinių (Muridae) šeimos graužikų gentis. Kailis švelnus. Nugara šviesiai pilka, tamsiai pilka, juodai ruda ar smėlio spalvos. Pilvas baltas arba šviesus. Kūnas 9-19 cm, uodega – 12-24,5 cm ilgio. Masė apie 30-100 g. Akys didelės. Ausys ilgos, apvalios. Užpakalinės kojos žymiai ilgesnės už priekines. Letenų pagalvėlės plikos. Pėda siaura. Užpakalinių kojų penktasis pirštas žymiai trumpesnis už tris vidurinius. Priekinių kojų pirštų nagai dažnai ilgi. Uodega apaugusi plaukais, gale būna ilgesnių plaukų šepetėlis. Turi 3-4 poras spenelių.

Gyvena lygumose, savanoje ir miškingose vietose. Aktyvios naktį. Dieną slepiasi urvuose, kuriuos išsikasa gana sudėtingus, iki 1 m gylyje, su daug išėjimų ir lizdo kamera (paprastai centre). Išėjimus dažnai uždengia. Ištikus pavojui šoliuoja iki 1,5 aukščio šuoliais (indinė plikapėdė smiltpelė net iki 3,5 m į tolį). Maitinasi augalų dalimis, sėklomis, vabzdžiais. Nėštumas vidutiniškai trunka 22 dienas. Vadoje 4-8 jaunikliai, kurie lizde išbūna iki 3-4 savaičių.

Paplitusios Afrikoje, Mažojoje Azijoje ir Arabijos pusiasalyje, Irane, Pakistane, Indijos pusiasalyje.

Gentyje žinoma 14 rūšių, tačiau jos sistematika dar nenusistovėjusi, kai kurie autoriai išskiria iki 25 rūšių:

Pogentė. Gerbilliscus

Pogentė. Taterona

Pogentė. Tatera

Nuorodos

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Plikapėdės smiltpelės: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

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Plikapėdės smiltpelės (lot. Tatera, angl. Large naked - soled gerbils, vok. Nacktsohlenrennmäuse) – pelinių (Muridae) šeimos graužikų gentis. Kailis švelnus. Nugara šviesiai pilka, tamsiai pilka, juodai ruda ar smėlio spalvos. Pilvas baltas arba šviesus. Kūnas 9-19 cm, uodega – 12-24,5 cm ilgio. Masė apie 30-100 g. Akys didelės. Ausys ilgos, apvalios. Užpakalinės kojos žymiai ilgesnės už priekines. Letenų pagalvėlės plikos. Pėda siaura. Užpakalinių kojų penktasis pirštas žymiai trumpesnis už tris vidurinius. Priekinių kojų pirštų nagai dažnai ilgi. Uodega apaugusi plaukais, gale būna ilgesnių plaukų šepetėlis. Turi 3-4 poras spenelių.

Gyvena lygumose, savanoje ir miškingose vietose. Aktyvios naktį. Dieną slepiasi urvuose, kuriuos išsikasa gana sudėtingus, iki 1 m gylyje, su daug išėjimų ir lizdo kamera (paprastai centre). Išėjimus dažnai uždengia. Ištikus pavojui šoliuoja iki 1,5 aukščio šuoliais (indinė plikapėdė smiltpelė net iki 3,5 m į tolį). Maitinasi augalų dalimis, sėklomis, vabzdžiais. Nėštumas vidutiniškai trunka 22 dienas. Vadoje 4-8 jaunikliai, kurie lizde išbūna iki 3-4 savaičių.

Paplitusios Afrikoje, Mažojoje Azijoje ir Arabijos pusiasalyje, Irane, Pakistane, Indijos pusiasalyje.

Gentyje žinoma 14 rūšių, tačiau jos sistematika dar nenusistovėjusi, kai kurie autoriai išskiria iki 25 rūšių:

Pogentė. Gerbilliscus

Boemo plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera boehmi)

Pogentė. Taterona

Baltapilvė plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera leucogaster) Juodauodegė plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera nigricauda) Šukauodegė plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera robusta) Gvinėjinė plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera guineae) Tatera phillipsi Pietų Afrikos plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera afra) Savaninė plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera valida) Kempo plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera kempi) Tatera gambiana Bransto plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera brantsii) Tatera inclusa Tatera pringlei

Pogentė. Tatera

Indinė plikapėdė smiltpelė (Tatera indica)
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Indische naaktzoolrenmuis ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Indische naaktzoolrenmuis (Tatera indica) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Muridae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Hardwicke in 1807.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Afghanistan, India, Iran, Irak, Koeweit, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syrië en Turkije.

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Indische naaktzoolrenmuis: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De Indische naaktzoolrenmuis (Tatera indica) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Muridae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Hardwicke in 1807.

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Gołostópka indyjska ( Polish )

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Gołostópka indyjska[3] (Tatera indica) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny myszoskoczków. Jest jedynym przedstawicielem rodzaju gołostópka (Tatera)[3][4].

Średnie wymiary

  • Długość ciała: 15-19 cm
  • Długość ogona: 20-25 cm

Występowanie

Występuje w południowo-wschodniej Anatolii, w Syrii, Iraku, Kuwejcie, Iranie, Afganistanie, Pakistanie, w Indiach, Nepalu i na Sri Lance[4][2].

Tryb życia

Gołostópka indyjska żyje w dużych grupach, zamieszkuje systemy głębokich nor z licznymi otworami wejściowymi. Wejścia te są często przez gryzonie zamykane pulchną ziemią w celu zabezpieczenia nor przed wtargnięciem mangust i węży. Niekiedy tak licznie się rozmnażają, że opuszczają dotychczasowe siedziby i nawiedzają pobliskie ogrody i pola. Żywią się kłączami, bulwami, zielonymi częściami roślin, korzeniami, owadami, a nawet pisklętami i jajami. Sądzi się, że mogą przyczyniać się do rozprzestrzeniania się dżumy.

Rozmnażanie

Gołostópki indyjskie rozmnażają się przez cały rok. W jednym miocie rodzi się do 8 młodych.

Przypisy

  1. Tatera indica, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b Tatera indica. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. a b Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. a b Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Tatera indica. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2017-03-21]
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Gołostópka indyjska: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Gołostópka indyjska (Tatera indica) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny myszoskoczków. Jest jedynym przedstawicielem rodzaju gołostópka (Tatera).

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Tatera indica ( Portuguese )

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Tatera indica é uma espécie de roedor da família Muridae. É a única espécie do género Tatera.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Afeganistão, Índia, Irão, Iraque, Kuwait, Nepal, Paquistão, Sri Lanka e Síria.

Referências

  • (em inglês) Baillie, J. 1996. Tatera indica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Dados de 9 de Julho de 2007.
  • MUSSER, G. G.; CARLETON, M. D. Superfamily Muroidea. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 2, p. 894-1531.
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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Tatera indica é uma espécie de roedor da família Muridae. É a única espécie do género Tatera.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Afeganistão, Índia, Irão, Iraque, Kuwait, Nepal, Paquistão, Sri Lanka e Síria.

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Tatera indica ( Swedish )

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Tatera indica[2][3] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Thomas Hardwicke 1807. Tatera indica är ensam i släktet Tatera som ingår i underfamiljen ökenråttor bland råttdjuren.[4][5] Inga underarter finns listade.[4] Tidvis räknades ytterligare 11 arter till Tatera men de utgör numera ett eget släkte, Gerbilliscus.[6]

IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Med en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 15 till 17 cm (sällan upp till 20 cm) och en vikt mellan 100 och 230 g är Tatera indica en ganska stor ökenråtta.[7] Svansen är cirka 9 cm lång och har en tofs vid spetsen. På ovansidan har pälsen en rödbrun till gulbrun färg och undersidan är vitaktig. Förutom tofsen är svansen bara glest täckt med hår. Arten har inga hår på fötternas undersida och öronen är ganska stora jämförd med öron av andra ökenråttor.[7]

Utbredning och habitat

Utbredningsområdets norra gräns sträcker sig från östra Syrien över norra Irak, centrala Iran, centrala Afghanistan, norra Pakistan, norra Indien och södra Nepal till västra Bangladesh. Södra gränsen utgörs av Persiska viken och Indiska oceanen. Denna ökenråtta finns dessutom på Sri Lanka. I bergstrakter når den 200 meter över havet. Habitatet varierar men är alltid torr. Arten vistas bland annat i gräsmarker, buskskogar, öppna skogar, öknar och i jordbruksområden.[1]

Ekologi

Arten gräver underjordiska bon som kan ligga 50 cm under markytan. Allmänt lever bara en individ i boet med undantag av honor med ungar. Däremot kan flera individer ha sina bon nära varandra. De letar på natten efter föda som utgörs av växtdelar som gräs, löv och rötter samt av smådjur som insekter, andra gnagare och ungar av fåglar som har boet på marken. Det är även dokumenterad att Tatera indica äter ungar av artfränder.[7]

Honor kan para sig flera gånger per år. Dräktigheten varar 21 till 30 dagar och sedan föds cirka fem ungar, ibland upp till tio ungar. Ungarna föds blinda och de öppnar ögonen efter ungefär två veckor. Efter tre veckor klarar sig ungar på egen hand och de blir efter tio veckor eller lite senare könsmogna. De flesta individer dör under första levnadsåret. Med människans vård kan de bli sju år gamla.[7]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Tatera indica Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/tatera+indica/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ (2005) , website Tatera, Mammal Species of the World
  7. ^ [a b c d] S. Mott (24 april 2004). ”Indian gerbil” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Tatera_indica/. Läst 7 november 2013.

Externa länkar

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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Tatera indica är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Thomas Hardwicke 1807. Tatera indica är ensam i släktet Tatera som ingår i underfamiljen ökenråttor bland råttdjuren. Inga underarter finns listade. Tidvis räknades ytterligare 11 arter till Tatera men de utgör numera ett eget släkte, Gerbilliscus.

IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Hint gerbili ( Turkish )

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Hint gerbili (Tatera indica), gerbilgiller (Gerbillinae) alt familyasından kemirgen türüdür.

Habitat

Kuru ve kurak alanlar ana yaşam alanlarıdır. Güney Asya'da, kurak yaprak döken ormanlar, çalılıklar, meralar, kayalık alanlar, çöller, yarı kurak bölgeler ve ekim yapılmayan alanlarda bulunurlar.

Türkiye'de yumuşak topraklarda ve kuru nehir yamaçlarında bulunur.

Gececildir. Çiftliklere yakın alanlarda bulunduklarından gece insanlarca görülebilir.

Yayılımı

Hindistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Afganistan, İran, Irak, Kuveyt, Suriye ve Türkiye.

Türkiye'de görüldüğüne dair ilk kayıt 1957 yılında X. Misonne tarafından yapılmıştır. İkinci kayıt 2000 yılında Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde, Urfa Ceylanpınar'da 5 canlı örnek (1 erkek, 4 dişi) ile Nuri Yiğit ve arkadaşlarınca ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Nuri Yiğit, Ercüment Çolak, reyhan verimli, Şakir Özkurt ve Mustafa Sözen (2001), A Study on the Distribution, Morphology and Karyology of Tatera indica (Hardwicke, 1807) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25, (2001), 67-70.
  • [2] The IUCN Red List of threatened Species : Tatera indica
  • [3] A. Khajeh and J. Meshkani (2010), A Study of Intraspecies Variations of Indian Gerbil, Tatera indica Hardwicke, 1807 (Muridae, Rodentia) in Eastern Border of Iran, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 13 (2): 59-65, 2010
Stub icon Kemiriciler ile ilgili bu madde bir taslaktır. Madde içeriğini geliştirerek Vikipedi'ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.
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Hint gerbili: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Hint gerbili (Tatera indica), gerbilgiller (Gerbillinae) alt familyasından kemirgen türüdür.

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Tatera indica ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Довжина голови і тіла від 150 до 210 мм, довжина хвоста між 160 і 220 мм, довжина стопи між 40 і 50 мм, довжина вух між 25 і 30 мм і вага до 190 г. Верх від піщаного до палевого кольору. Низ білий. Є чітка розмежувальна лінія між забарвленнями низу й верху тіла. Є білі плями вище і позаду кожного ока, за вухами і на всю верхню губу. Вуха помірної пропорції, круглі і вкриті тонкими волосками. Підошви ніг голі. Очі дуже великі. Хвіст довший голови і тіла, коричневий і прагне стати чорнуватим до кінця, де закінчується пучком довгого чорного волосся. Самиці мають дві пари грудних і 2 пари пахових молочних залоз. Зубна формула: 1/1, 0/0, 0/0, 3/3 = 16. Каріотип : 2n=68 FN=82-84-86.

Поширення

Країни проживання: Афганістан, Індія, Іран, Ірак, Кувейт, Непал, Пакистан, Шрі-Ланка, Сирія, Туреччина. Проживає на висотах від рівня моря до 2000 м. Цей вид зустрічається в діапазоні сухих або посушливих місць проживання: в сухих листяних лісах, чагарниках, луках, кам'янистих ділянках, жарких пустелях, посушливих і напівпосушливих регіонах і необроблених областях.

Звички

Веде нічний спосіб життя і знаходить притулок в норах в денний час. Їсть кореневища, насіння трав, зерно, листя, квіти, комах і равликів.

Самиці народжують 1—9 дитинчат після періоду вагітності 26—30 днів. У середньому, самиця може народити до 18 дитинчат на рік. У дітей відкриваються очі після 14 днів і віднімають від грудей після 21—30 днів. Вони досягають статевої зрілості через 10—16 тижнів. Тривалість життя в неволі становить 7 років.

Загрози та охорона

Немає серйозних загроз для цього виду. Живе в численних охоронних територіях.

Джерела

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Tatera indica ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Tatera indica là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Hardwicke mô tả năm 1807.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Tatera indica”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Chuột này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Tatera indica: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Tatera indica là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Hardwicke mô tả năm 1807.

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印度沙鼠 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Tatera indica
(Hardwicke, 1807)

印度沙鼠(學名Tatera indica)是鼠科中的一個物種,也是大裸蹠沙鼠屬(Tatera)中的唯一物種。發現於阿富汗印度伊朗伊拉克科威特尼泊爾巴基斯坦斯里蘭卡敘利亞

Gerbilliscus屬曾經被歸類在大裸蹠沙鼠屬。

參考文獻

  • Baillie, J. 1996. Tatera indica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 July 2007.
  • Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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维基百科作者和编辑

印度沙鼠: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

印度沙鼠(學名Tatera indica)是鼠科中的一個物種,也是大裸蹠沙鼠屬(Tatera)中的唯一物種。發現於阿富汗印度伊朗伊拉克科威特尼泊爾巴基斯坦斯里蘭卡敘利亞

Gerbilliscus屬曾經被歸類在大裸蹠沙鼠屬。

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인도저빌 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

인도저빌(Tatera indica)은 쥐과 황무지쥐아과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 아프가니스탄인도, 이란, 이라크, 쿠웨이트, 네팔, 파키스탄, 스리랑카, 시리아에서 발견된다. 인도저빌속(Tatera)의 유일종이다.[2] 보엠저빌속에 속하는 종은 역사적으로 인도저빌속으로 분류했다.

각주

  1. B. Kryštufek, G. Shenbrot, M. Sozen, S. Molur (2008). Tatera indica. 2010 IUCN 위기종의 적색 목록. IUCN 2010. 2012년 6월 12일 내려받음.
  2. Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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