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Mastophora (spider)

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Mastophora, also known as bolas spiders,[2] is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by E. L. Holmberg in 1876.[3] They can be identified by a pair of lumps on the dorsal surface of the opisthosoma, though not all males will have these lumps.[2]

Adult females of the genus snare prey mid-air by using a silk line with an adhesive blob on the end, similar to bolas used by South American gauchos. They feed on flying insects, particularly moths, sometimes releasing pheromones that mimic those of their prey to attract them. Males and juvenile females capture their prey directly with their legs.[4][2] Mastophora spiders have extreme sexual size dimorphism: adult females reach 0,75 inches (19 mm), while adult males are smaller than 0,067 inches (1,7 mm). These spiders reach maturity after two instars, or fewer. Cephalothorax often with dorsal protuberances, frequently paired. Female abdomen large, wider than long, an occasion has dorsal humps or lobes. Prey specialization by means of aggressive chemical mimicry.[5]

Species

M. bisaccata egg sacs
M. phrynosoma egg sac

As of April 2019 it contains fifty species:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Gen. Mastophora Holmberg, 1876". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  2. ^ a b c "Genus Mastophora". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  3. ^ Holmberg, E. L. (1876). "Arácnidos argentinos". Anales de Agricultura de la República Argentina. 4: 1–30.
  4. ^ Levi, H.W. (2003). "The bolas spiders of the genus Mastophora (Araneae: Araneidae)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 157: 309–382.
  5. ^ Norman, I. Platnick (2020). Spiders of the World: A Natural History. London: Ivy Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-78240-750-8.
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Mastophora (spider): Brief Summary

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Mastophora, also known as bolas spiders, is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by E. L. Holmberg in 1876. They can be identified by a pair of lumps on the dorsal surface of the opisthosoma, though not all males will have these lumps.

Adult females of the genus snare prey mid-air by using a silk line with an adhesive blob on the end, similar to bolas used by South American gauchos. They feed on flying insects, particularly moths, sometimes releasing pheromones that mimic those of their prey to attract them. Males and juvenile females capture their prey directly with their legs. Mastophora spiders have extreme sexual size dimorphism: adult females reach 0,75 inches (19 mm), while adult males are smaller than 0,067 inches (1,7 mm). These spiders reach maturity after two instars, or fewer. Cephalothorax often with dorsal protuberances, frequently paired. Female abdomen large, wider than long, an occasion has dorsal humps or lobes. Prey specialization by means of aggressive chemical mimicry.

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Mastophora ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Mastophora es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Araneidae. Se encuentra en América.[1]

Atrapan insectos al vuelo por medio de una bola pegajosa que cuelga de un hilo, en forma similar a las boleadoras de los gauchos sudamericanos. El nombre común en inglés "bolas spiders" se refiere a esto. Además usan feromonas para atraer a sus presas por medio de mimetismo químico.[2]

Lista de especies

Según The World Spider Catalog 12.0:[3]

Referencias

  1. «Gen. Mastophora Holmberg, 1876». World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Consultado el 13 de mayo de 2019.
  2. «Genus Mastophora». BugGuide. Consultado el 13 de mayo de 2019.
  3. Platnick, 2011: The world spider catalog (American Museum of Natural History).

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Mastophora: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Mastophora es un género de arañas araneomorfas de la familia Araneidae. Se encuentra en América.​

Atrapan insectos al vuelo por medio de una bola pegajosa que cuelga de un hilo, en forma similar a las boleadoras de los gauchos sudamericanos. El nombre común en inglés "bolas spiders" se refiere a esto. Además usan feromonas para atraer a sus presas por medio de mimetismo químico.​

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Mastophora ( French )

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Mastophora est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Araneidae[1].

Il est placé dans la sous-famille des Cyrtarachninae dans la tribu des Mastophorini, avec les genres Cladomelea et Acantharachne (Afrique), Ordgarius (Océanie).

Distribution

Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Amérique[1].

Liste des espèces

Selon World Spider Catalog (version 21.5, 10/01/2021)[2] :

Publication originale

  • Holmberg, 1876 : « Arácnidos argentinos. » Anales de Agricultura de la Republica Argentina, vol. 4, p. 1-30.

Notes et références

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Mastophora: Brief Summary ( French )

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Mastophora est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Araneidae.

Il est placé dans la sous-famille des Cyrtarachninae dans la tribu des Mastophorini, avec les genres Cladomelea et Acantharachne (Afrique), Ordgarius (Océanie).

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Mastophora (zoologia) ( Italian )

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Mastophora Holmberg, 1876 è un genere di ragni appartenente alla famiglia Araneidae.

Etimologia

Il nome deriva dal greco μαστὸς, mastòs, cioè mammella, seno e φέρειν, phèrein, cioè portare, avere con sé, a causa della particolare forma dell'opistosoma, rigonfio verso l'alto e leggermente a punta.

Distribuzione

Le 50 specie oggi note di questo genere sono state reperite nelle Americhe: le specie dall'areale più vasto sono la M. cornigera, rinvenuta in varie località dagli USA al Nicaragua e la M. leucabulba, dagli USA all'Honduras[1].

Tassonomia

Considerato un sinonimo anteriore di Agathostichus Simon, 1897 a seguito di un lavoro di Levi del 2003[1].

Dal 2013 non sono stati esaminati esemplari di questo genere[1].

A marzo 2014, si compone di 50 specie[1]:

  1. Mastophora abalosi Urtubey & Báez, 1983 — Argentina
  2. Mastophora alachua Levi, 2003 — USA
  3. Mastophora alvareztoroi Ibarra & Jiménez, 2003 — USA, Messico
  4. Mastophora apalachicola Levi, 2003 — USA
  5. Mastophora archeri Gertsch, 1955 — USA
  6. Mastophora bisaccata (Emerton, 1884) — USA, Messico
  7. Mastophora brescoviti Levi, 2003 — Brasile
  8. Mastophora caesariata Eberhard & Levi, 2006 — Costa Rica
  9. Mastophora carpogaster Mello-Leitão, 1925 — Brasile
  10. Mastophora catarina Levi, 2003 — Brasile
  11. Mastophora comma Báez & Urtubey, 1985 — Argentina
  12. Mastophora conica Levi, 2006 — Argentina
  13. Mastophora conifera (Holmberg, 1876) — Argentina
  14. Mastophora cornigera (Hentz, 1850) — dagli USA al Nicaragua
  15. Mastophora corpulenta (Banks, 1898) — Messico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Brasile
  16. Mastophora corumbatai Levi, 2003 — Brasile
  17. Mastophora cranion Mello-Leitão, 1928 — Brasile
  18. Mastophora diablo Levi, 2003 — Argentina
  19. Mastophora dizzydeani Eberhard, 1981 — Colombia, Perù
  20. Mastophora escomeli Levi, 2003 — Perù
  21. Mastophora extraordinaria Holmberg, 1876[2] — Brasile, Uruguay, Argentina
  22. Mastophora fasciata Reimoser, 1939 — Costa Rica, Venezuela
  23. Mastophora felda Levi, 2003 — USA
  24. Mastophora felis Piza, 1976 — Brasile
  25. Mastophora gasteracanthoides (Nicolet, 1849) — Cile
  26. Mastophora haywardi Birabén, 1946 — Argentina
  27. Mastophora holmbergi Canals, 1931 — Paraguay, Argentina
  28. Mastophora hutchinsoni Gertsch, 1955 — USA
  29. Mastophora lara Levi, 2003 — Venezuela
  30. Mastophora leucabulba (Gertsch, 1955) — dagli USA all'Honduras
  31. Mastophora leucacantha (Simon, 1897) — Brasile
  32. Mastophora longiceps Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Brasile
  33. Mastophora melloleitaoi Canals, 1931 — Brasile, Argentina
  34. Mastophora obtusa Mello-Leitão, 1936 — Brasile
  35. Mastophora pesqueiro Levi, 2003 — Brasile
  36. Mastophora phrynosoma Gertsch, 1955 — USA
  37. Mastophora pickeli Mello-Leitão, 1931 — Brasile
  38. Mastophora piras Levi, 2003 — Brasile
  39. Mastophora rabida Levi, 2003 — Isole Galapagos
  40. Mastophora reimoseri Levi, 2003 — Paraguay
  41. Mastophora satan Canals, 1931 — Brasile, Uruguay, Argentina
  42. Mastophora satsuma Levi, 2003 — USA
  43. Mastophora seminole Levi, 2003 — USA
  44. Mastophora soberiana Levi, 2003 — Panama
  45. Mastophora stowei Levi, 2003 — USA
  46. Mastophora timuqua Levi, 2003 — USA
  47. Mastophora vaquera Gertsch, 1955 — Cuba
  48. Mastophora yacare Levi, 2003 — Uruguay
  49. Mastophora yeargani Levi, 2003 — USA
  50. Mastophora ypiranga Levi, 2003 — Brasile

Specie trasferite

  • Mastophora fasciolata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889); trasferita al genere Kaira O. P.-Cambridge, 1889[1].

Nomen dubium

  • Mastophora cinerea Mello-Leitão, 1943c; esemplare juvenile, rinvenuto in Argentina; a seguito di un lavoro di Levi del 2003, è da ritenersi nomen dubium[1].

Note

Bibliografia

  • Holmberg, E.L., 1876 - Arácnidos argentinos. Ann. agr. Rep. Argentina vol.4, pp. 1–30.
  • Mello-Leitão, C.F. de, 1925a - Pequenas notas arachnologicas. Bol. Mus. nac. Rio-de-Jan. vol.1, pp. 455–463.
  • Mello-Leitão, C.F. de, 1931b - Contribuiçao ao estudo da tribu Mastophoreas. Ann. Acad. brasil. sci. vol.3, pp. 65–74.
  • Gertsch, W.J., 1955 - The North American bolas spiders of the genera Mastophora and Agatostichus. Bull. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. vol.106, pp. 221–254.
  • Báez, E.C. de & N. Urtubey, 1985 - Mastophora comma, nueva especie de araña "Cabeza de Gato" (Araneae, Araneidae). Ser. Invest. Inst. Anim. Venenosos vol.2, pp. 1–11.
  • Herbert Walter Levi, The bolas spiders of the genus Mastophora (Araneae: Araneidae) (PDF), in Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,, vol. 157, 2003, pp. 309-382. URL consultato il 29 aprile 2014.
  • Paquin, P., N. Dupérré, A. Mochon, M. Larrivée & C. Simard. (Paquin et al., 2008c) - Additions to the spider fauna of Québec (Araneae). J. ent. Soc. Ont. vol.139, pp. 27–39.
  • Baert, L., 2013b - Description of several unknown Galápagos male and female spiders. Bull. Soc. roy. Belge Ent. vol.149, pp. 64–73.

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Mastophora (zoologia): Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Mastophora Holmberg, 1876 è un genere di ragni appartenente alla famiglia Araneidae.

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Mastophora ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Bolas Spider, Mastophora phrynosoma - Julie Metz Wetlands, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg

Mastophora is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie wielwebspinnen (Araneidae).

Jacht

De verschillende soorten worden wel bolaspinnen genoemd omdat ze prooien vangen door een kleverige druppel aan een spindraad heen en weer te bewegen. De druppel bevat geurstoffen die motten aantrekt en zodra een nachtvlinder de druppel raakt plakt deze eraan vast. De spin haalt vervolgens de draad omhoog waarna de vastgekleefde prooi wordt buitgemaakt.

Soorten

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Mastophora: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Bolas Spider, Mastophora phrynosoma - Julie Metz Wetlands, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg

Mastophora is een geslacht van spinnen uit de familie wielwebspinnen (Araneidae).

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Mastophora ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Mastophora este un gen de păianjeni din familia Araneidae.[1]

Specii[1]

Referințe

  1. ^ a b Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). „Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Accesat în 24 september 2012. Verificați datele pentru: |access-date= (ajutor)Mentenanță CS1: Nume multiple: lista autorilor (link)

Legături externe

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Mastophora: Brief Summary ( Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan )

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Mastophora este un gen de păianjeni din familia Araneidae.

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Mastophora ( Swedish )

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Mastophora[1] är ett släkte av spindlar. Mastophora ingår i familjen hjulspindlar.[1]

Honor av ett flertal arter tillhörande släktet Mastophora har utvecklad könsfermoner som lockar hanmyggor inom familjen fjärilsmyggor, Psychodidae. Varje art i släktet verkar ha specialiserat sig på en särskild bytesart. Det är en form av mimikry som kallas Peckhams mimikry, eller aggressiv mimikry.[2]

Dottertaxa till Mastophora, i alfabetisk ordning[1]

Källor

Fotnoter

  1. ^ [a b c] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (8 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/mastophora/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ Pasteur 1982, s. 169-199

Tryckta källor

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Mastophora: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Mastophora är ett släkte av spindlar. Mastophora ingår i familjen hjulspindlar.

Honor av ett flertal arter tillhörande släktet Mastophora har utvecklad könsfermoner som lockar hanmyggor inom familjen fjärilsmyggor, Psychodidae. Varje art i släktet verkar ha specialiserat sig på en särskild bytesart. Det är en form av mimikry som kallas Peckhams mimikry, eller aggressiv mimikry.

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Mastophora ( Vietnamese )

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Mastophora là một chi nhện trong họ Araneidae. De verschillende soorten worden wel bolaspinnen genoemd omdat ze prooien vangen bởi een kleverige druppel aan een spindraad heen en weer te bewegen. De druppel bevat geurstoffen die motten aantrekt en zodra een nachtvlinder de druppel raakt plakt deze eraan vast. De spin haalt vervolgens de draad omhoog waarna de vastgekleefde prooi wordt buitgemaakt.

Chú thích

Tham khảo


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Mastophora: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Mastophora là một chi nhện trong họ Araneidae. De verschillende soorten worden wel bolaspinnen genoemd omdat ze prooien vangen bởi een kleverige druppel aan een spindraad heen en weer te bewegen. De druppel bevat geurstoffen die motten aantrekt en zodra een nachtvlinder de druppel raakt plakt deze eraan vast. De spin haalt vervolgens de draad omhoog waarna de vastgekleefde prooi wordt buitgemaakt.

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