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American Red Bellied Turtle

Pseudemys rubriventris (Le Conte 1830)

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Observations: One animal lived 11.2 years in captivity (http://www.pondturtle.com/). Their maximum lifespan is unknown.
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Life Cycle

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Psuedemys rubriventris lay eggs under 10 cm of sand. The young emerge as hatchlings after 73 to 80 days and quickly make their way to the nearest water source, where they will develop into adults. Hatchlings are typically between 29 and 36 mm in plastron length. Eastern red-bellied turtles reach sexual maturity after 5 to 9 years.

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status

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Red-bellied turtles are considered endangered according to the Endangered Species Act of 1973. The subspecies P. rubriventris bangsi is considered threatened by the Lacey Act. This makes it illegal to import, export, transport, sell, or buy any part of the animal, dead or alive. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for maintaining water treatment plants that do not harm the turtles. Main causes of endangerment include expanding housing developments and a loss of nesting sights, pollutants, pesticides, and predation on eggs and hatchlings. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service enacted a plan in 1985 to protect existing populations, to prevent hunting of the turtles, to collect eggs to hatch in captivity, and to educate the local public on the turtles.

US Federal List: threatened

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: lower risk - near threatened

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Behavior

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There is little known communication among P. rubriventris. They frequent the same rocks and logs while sunbathing and often sit on top of each other. Regarding Pseudemys concinna, a closely related species, females communicate by the emission of pheromones and males by tactile contact and a mating dance.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: pheromones

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Untitled

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There is a dispute over the correct genus of the eastern redbelly turtle. Some choose to use Pseudemys while others use Chrysemys. Oftentimes, Chrysemys is used only for painted turtles.

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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There are no known adverse effects of P. rubriventris on humans.

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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Red-bellied turtles were economically important to humans in the colonial times as a source of food and trade. Today, their shells make decorative art. Doctors have an interest in the workings of the turtles' hearts and have performed operations recorded in scientific journals. Red-bellied turtles also help control the population of hyacinth, an invasive aquatic plant.

Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material; research and education; controls pest population

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Eastern red-bellied turtles act as both predator and prey. Their prey include crayfish, snails, fish, and tadpoles. Predators of P. rubriventris include bullfrogs, skunks, raccoons, wading birds, crows, and mice. Eastern redbelly turtles play an important role in the middle of the food chain. They also are responsible for controlling the population of hyacinth, an invasive plant.

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy

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Red-bellied turtles primarily eat aquatic vegetation and algae such as Myriophyllum, Utricularia, and Sagittaria. Secondary food sources include crayfish, snails, fish, and tadpoles. Juveniles are herbivorous and adults are omnivorous. Laboratory hatchlings can be fed brine shrimp

Animal Foods: amphibians; fish; insects; mollusks; aquatic crustaceans

Plant Foods: leaves; algae; macroalgae

Primary Diet: herbivore (Algivore); omnivore

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution

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The range of Pseudemys rubriventris spans the Mid-Atlantic coastal waters of the USA from New Jersey to North Carolina. This includes areas east to the Potomac River and west to W. Virginia. There is a disjunctive population of eastern red-bellied turtles in Massachusetts, as well as a small, introduced population in Long Island, New York.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat

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Eastern red-bellied turtles inhabit large freshwater lakes, rivers, ponds, and creeks. Most of these waters are fast moving, deep-bodied, and contain a muddy bottom where the water depth ranges from 2-3.5 m. Occasionally, P. rubriventris are found in brackish water at the mouths of rivers. They surround themselves with aquatic vegetation, rocks, and logs for basking in the sun. Eastern red-bellied turtles become terrestrial for short periods of time while laying eggs in June or July. They show little evidence of migration and often occupy the same habitat year-round.

Range depth: 2 to 3.5 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial ; freshwater

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland

Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams; brackish water

Other Habitat Features: suburban ; riparian ; estuarine

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy

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The lifespan of P. rubriventris ranges from 40 to 55 years.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
40 to 55 years.

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology

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The carapaces of adult red-bellied turtles are on average 26 to 32 cm in length. The carapace is a mahogany black color with red lines running dorso-ventrally. They have a serrated front upper-jaw. The head is brown and arrow-shaped with a yellow line that extends between the eyes and snout. A series of consecutive thick and thin yellow bands come off the anterior of the eye and travel laterally down the neck. This species exhibits sexual dimorphism. The plastrons of male red-bellied turtles are light pink. They have long, straight claws on their feet and an anal opening that extends beyond the shell. The females are larger than the males with brighter red plastrons containing gray borders. The hatchlings of P. rubriventris have an orange plastron and a green carapace covered with light green markings. The skin is light green as well. A possible subspecies, P. rubriventris bangsi of Massachusetts, has a greater height (by 2.4 times) due to a more domed carapace.

Range mass: 3900 (high) g.

Range length: 40 (high) cm.

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry ; polymorphic

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; sexes colored or patterned differently; ornamentation

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Common predators of P. rubriventris include raccoons, skunks, crows, herons, and bullfrogs. Lawn mowers frequently kill turtles resting in grass. Housing developments around rivers and ponds result in loss of nesting sights. Crows, rats, and mice eat the hatchlings and eggs. Red-bellied turtles escape predators by burying themselves in the mud, swimming aggressively, or by withdrawing into their shells.

Known Predators:

  • raccoons (Procyon lotor)
  • skunks (Mephitinae)
  • crows (Corvus)
  • herons (Ardeidae)
  • bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus)
  • rats (Rattus)
  • deer mice and white-footed mice (Peromyscus)
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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction

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The mating of P. rubriventris has never been observed. Scientists know mating does occur in shallow water in the fall or spring. With regards to a closely related species, Pseudemys concinna, the male pursues the female and sniffs her tail after the female releases a pheromone. In the following mating ritual, he then swims above and in front of her in the water and rapidly strokes her face with his claws. If a female P. concinna accepts his advances, the male then swims behind the female, mounting her for copulation.

Mating System: polygynous

Female eastern red-bellied turtles dig a nest cavity 10 cm wide by 10 cm deep in the sand in early June or July. This nest cavity is found in a well-insulated area 90 m from the water, and 1 m above pond level. Pseudemys rubriventris produce one clutch of eggs yearly containing 8 to 22 eggs. Hatching occurs in 73 to 80 days. The hatchlings emerge from August to October. If late nesting occurs, hatchlings do not emerge before the winter. Eggs incubated on natural sand are larger and have a better chance of survival than eggs incubated in artificial settings. Due to the loss of natural habitats, female red-bellied turtles sometimes lay eggs in homeowner's yards. Females try to return to the same nesting sights every year.

Breeding interval: Once yearly

Breeding season: Egg laying occurs in June-July

Range number of offspring: 8 to 22 .

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 5 to 7 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 9 years.

Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; oviparous

Female P. rubriventris provide no parental care once they lay their eggs and cover the nest.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth

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Clark, K. 2004. "Pseudemys rubriventris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pseudemys_rubriventris.html
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Kelly Clark, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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David Armitage, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution

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Continent: North-America
Distribution: USA (along the Atlantic Coastal Plain in New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, NE North Carolina, and west up the Potomac River to E West Virginia, relict populations in Plymouth county and possibly Essex county, Massachusetts) bangsi:
Type locality: Boot Pond, Plymouth, Massachusetts. Holotype: MCZ 16778, adult, collected by H.J. Thayer, 1912.
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Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte ( German )

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Die Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte (Pseudemys rubriventris) ist eine Schildkröte der Gattung Echte Schmuckschildkröten, die zur Familie der Neuwelt-Sumpfschildkröten gehört. Ihr Vorkommen ist auf den Osten der USA begrenzt und reicht dort vom Osten Massachusetts mit einem disjunkten Verbreitungsgebiet und dem zentralen Gebiet von New Jersey bis zum nordöstlichen North Carolina.[1] Zum Verbreitungsgebiet gehören auch Regionen östlich des Potomac. Auf Long Island gibt es eine kleine Population, die sich auf dort eingeführte Tiere begründet.

Erscheinungsbild

Die Carapaxlänge der ausgewachsenen Nördlichen Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte erreicht eine Länge von 26 bis 32 Zentimeter. Die Farbe des Rückenpanzers ist ein braunschwarzes Mahagoni mit einem roten Netzwerk. Der Kopf ist braun. Eine dünne gelbe Linie verläuft von den Augen zur Schnauze. Auch der Hals weist eine Reihe von dickeren und dünneren gelben Linien auf.

Die Bauchpanzer von Männchen sind fast rosafarben. Die Krallen an den Extremitäten sind lang und gerade. Die Kloake befindet sich deutlich außerhalb des Bauchpanzers. Ausgewachsene Weibchen sind in der Regel größer als Männchen. Bei ihnen ist der Bauchpanzer deutlich rötlicher als bei den Männchen.

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Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte (Pseudemys rubriventris)

Lebensraum und Lebensweise

Diese Schmuckschildkröte lebt in großen Süßwasserseen, Flüssen, Teichen und Wasserarmen. Die meisten Gewässer, die sie bewohnt, haben eine schnelle Wasserbewegung, sind tief und haben einen schlammigen Boden. Sie wird gelegentlich auch in Brackwassergebieten gefunden.

Die Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte präferiert Gewässer mit einem reichen Pflanzenbewuchs und zahlreichen Möglichkeiten wie Steine oder Baumstämme, um in der Sonne zu baden. Sie verbringen einen großen Teil des Tages damit, in der Sonne zu ruhen. Sie fressen vorwiegend Wasserpflanzen und Algen. Dazu kommen Krustentiere, Schnecken, Fische und Kaulquappen.

Fortpflanzung

Die Eiablage der Weibchen fällt in den Zeitraum Juni bis Juli. Die Nistgrube wird von den Weibchen im Schnitt 90 Meter vom Wasser angelegt und befindet sich etwa 1 Meter oberhalb der Wasserlinie. Ein Gelege umfasst in der Regel zehn bis siebzehn Eier. Bis zum Schlupf vergehen bei der Umgebungstemperatur von 25 Grad etwa 75 Tage.[2] Bei späten Gelegen überwintern die Jungtiere in der Regel in den Eiern. Die Tiere sind mit etwa fünf bis sieben Jahre geschlechtsreif.

Fressfeinde und Mortalitätsursachen

Zu den Fressfeinden der Nördlichen Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte zählen Waschbären, Skunks, Krähen, Reiher und Ochsenfrösche. Eine Reihe von Gebieten, in denen traditionell diese Schmuckschildkröten nisten, sind mittlerweile zu Siedlungen umgewandelt worden. In diesen Gebieten werden eine große Anzahl von Pseudemys rubriventris auch durch Rasenmäher getötet, weil die Tiere gerne im Rasen ruhen.

Bestand

In den USA wird die Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte als eine bedrohte Art geführt (gemäß dem Endangered Species Act aus dem Jahre 1973). Damit ist es verboten, mit diesen Tieren zu handeln. Zu den Ursachen des Bestandsrückgangs zählen die Verluste von Nistgebieten, Umweltverschmutzung, eine negative Beeinflussung durch Pestizide und eine verstärkte Räuberung von Eiern und Jungtieren. Seit 1985 unternimmt der United States Fish and Wildlife Service Anstrengungen, diese Art zu schützen. Dazu gehört die Aufklärung der Bevölkerung in den Regionen, in denen diese Schildkrötenart vorkommt und eine Unterbindung der Jagd.

Nachweise

Einzelnachweise

  1. Rogner, S. 70
  2. Rogner, S. 71

Literatur

  • Manfred Rogner: Schildkröten – Biologie, Haltung, Vermehrung, Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5440-1

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Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Nördliche Rotbauch-Schmuckschildkröte (Pseudemys rubriventris) ist eine Schildkröte der Gattung Echte Schmuckschildkröten, die zur Familie der Neuwelt-Sumpfschildkröten gehört. Ihr Vorkommen ist auf den Osten der USA begrenzt und reicht dort vom Osten Massachusetts mit einem disjunkten Verbreitungsgebiet und dem zentralen Gebiet von New Jersey bis zum nordöstlichen North Carolina. Zum Verbreitungsgebiet gehören auch Regionen östlich des Potomac. Auf Long Island gibt es eine kleine Population, die sich auf dort eingeführte Tiere begründet.

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Northern red-bellied cooter

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The northern red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys rubriventris)[2] or American red-bellied turtle is a species of turtle in the Pseudemys (cooter) genus of the family Emydidae.

Description

A fairly large river turtle, it averages about 29 to 30 cm (11 to 12 in) in length and weighs on average around 3 kg (6.6 lb), although large females can measure up to 40 cm (16 in) in length.[4]

Distribution and habitat

It is endemic to the United States. The current range of the red-bellied turtle includes a population in Massachusetts, the Plymouth red-bellied turtle, which was previously considered a distinct subspecies (Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi) as well as the coastal areas of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina.

A northern red-bellied cooter in Long Pond in Plymouth, Massachusetts in July 2021.

The red-bellied turtle has appeared on Pennsylvania Fish Commission lists of endangered amphibians and reptiles since 1978 (McCoy 1985). By 1985 the red-bellied turtle was known to exist in Pennsylvania only in isolated colonies in a few counties (McCoy 1985). Small (less than thirty individuals) colonies were known in Manor and Silver lakes in Bucks county, the Tinicum wetlands in Philadelphia and Delaware counties, the West Branch of Conococheague Creek in Franklin County and possibly Springton Reservoir in Delaware county (McCoy 1985).

Conservation

The red-bellied turtle is a threatened[5] species within Pennsylvania. However, it is listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as well as the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (Massachusetts).[6]

The potential threats to red-bellied turtle populations are numerous. Primary threats include wetland loss, habitat fragmentation, pollution, collecting of turtles for pets, food or other trophies, competition with the invasive red-eared slider turtle for food, habitat, basking sites or nesting sites, and the potential for hybridization with red-eared slider turtles.

The Massachusetts wildlife preserve foundation has started to repopulate the turtles by placing them in many southeastern Massachusetts ponds. One example is at Long and Little Long Pond in Plymouth, Massachusetts, where the population is starting to regrow.

References

  1. ^ van Dijk, P.P. (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]. "Pseudemys rubriventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T18460A97427406. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T18460A8299690.en. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b Rhodin 2010, p. 000.102
  3. ^ Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 195–196. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-01. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  4. ^ http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/18460/0
  5. ^ Threatened species - Pennsylvania
  6. ^ "Amphibians and Reptiles in Massachusetts".
Bibliography
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pseudemys rubriventris.
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Northern red-bellied cooter: Brief Summary

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The northern red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys rubriventris) or American red-bellied turtle is a species of turtle in the Pseudemys (cooter) genus of the family Emydidae.

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Pseudemys rubriventris ( Basque )

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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Pseudemys rubriventris: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Pseudemys rubriventris Pseudemys generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Emydidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Pseudemys rubriventris ( French )

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Pseudemys rubriventris est une espèce de tortue de la famille des Emydidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique des États-Unis[1]. Elle se rencontre au Maryland, en Pennsylvanie, au New Jersey, au Delaware, en Virginie, en Virginie-Occidentale, en Caroline du Nord et au Massachusetts.

Publication originale

  • Le Conte, 1830 : Description of the species of North American tortoises. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, vol. 3, p. 91-131 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

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Pseudemys rubriventris: Brief Summary ( French )

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Pseudemys rubriventris est une espèce de tortue de la famille des Emydidae.

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Roodbuiksierschildpad ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

De roodbuiksierschildpad[2] (Pseudemys rubriventris) is een soort uit de familie moerasschildpadden (Emydidae).[3] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door John Lawrence LeConte in 1830. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Testudo rubriventris gebruikt.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De roodbuiksierschildpad is een vrij grote soort, de vrouwtjes kunnen een maximale schildlengte bereiken tot ongeveer 40 centimeter, de mannetjes blijven kleiner.[4] De soort is makkelijk te herkennen aan de meestal bloedrode buik, vooral bij de juvenielen. Bij oudere dieren vervaagt deze kleur maar blijft zelfs bij heel oude dieren zichtbaar. De buik heeft een zwarte lijnentekening; een lengtestreep met onder en boven een dwarsstreep en in het midden een iets kortere dwarsstreep. Deze tekening kan variëren en ook de buikkleur is soms oranjerood. Het schild is groen tot groenbruin en de poten en kop hebben een groene basiskleur met een dunne, gele lijnentekening.

Algemeen

De roodbuiksierschildpad komt voor in de Verenigde Staten; van de staat New Jersey tot North Carolina. De habitat bestaat uit helder, lauwwarm water bij rotsen in vochtige moeras-achtige gebieden. Bij voorkeur plantenrijk en ondiep water tot drie meter diep en deze soort komt soms ook in brakwater voor. Vanwege de bonte kleuren is de schildpad gewild in aquaria en is de soort door het vangen van de dieren sterk achteruitgegaan. Een neveneffect is dat de soort op verschillende plaatsen in de wereld opduikt in het wild. Dit komt doordat de schildpad in gevangenschap als juveniel nog klein is maar al snel groter wordt. Sommige eigenaren zetten de schildpad hierdoor uit in de natuur.

Onder andere in Nederland zijn al exemplaren aangetroffen in stadsvijvers en rivieren. Deze exemplaren overleven de strenge winters van de Lage Landen waarschijnlijk niet. Het voedsel bestaat uit kleine waterdieren als vissen en insecten maar ook waterplanten.

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. (en) Roodbuiksierschildpad op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Bernhard Grzimek, Het Leven Der Dieren Deel VI: Reptielen, Kindler Verlag AG, 1971, Pagina 104. ISBN 90 274 8626 3.
  3. Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann, The Reptile Database – Pseudemys rubriventris.
  4. C.H. Ernst, R.G.M. Altenburg & R.W. Barbour, Turtles of the World.
Bronnen
  • (en) Peter Uetz & Jakob Hallermann - The Reptile Database – Pseudemys rubriventris - Website Geconsulteerd 26 mei 2015
  • (en) - Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G. J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer & Roger Bour - Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status - ISSN 10887105 (2014) - Website
  • (en) C.H. Ernst, R.G.M. Altenburg & R.W. Barbour - Turtles of the World - Website
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Roodbuiksierschildpad: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

De roodbuiksierschildpad (Pseudemys rubriventris) is een soort uit de familie moerasschildpadden (Emydidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door John Lawrence LeConte in 1830. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Testudo rubriventris gebruikt.

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Żółw czerwonobrzuchy ( Polish )

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Żółw czerwonobrzuchy (Pseudemys rubriventris) – gatunek gada z podrzędu żółwi skrytoszyjnych z rodziny żółwi błotnych.

Uwaga
Żółwie Pseudemys rubriventris w Polsce uznawane, są za gatunek inwazyjny. Oznacza to, że nie wolno takich żółwi wypuszczać do środowiska naturalnego.[3]

Zobacz też

Pseudemys nelsoni – również nazywany żółwiem czerwonobrzuchym[4].

Linki zewnętrzne

Przypisy

  1. Pseudemys rubriventris, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Pseudemys rubriventris. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Ministerstwo Środowiska (pol.). Projekt rozporządzenia w sprawie roślin i zwierząt gatunków obcych, które w przypadku uwolnienia do środowiska przyrodniczego mogą zagrozić gatunkom rodzimym lub siedliskom przyrodniczym (pol.).
  4. Aleksandra Maluta: Żółwie wodno-lądowe - Hodowla i choroby. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza "HOŻA", 2005. ISBN 83-85038-97-3.
p d e
Systematyka współcześnie żyjących żółwi Domena: eukariontyKrólestwo: zwierzętaTyp: strunowcePodtyp: kręgowceGromada: gady / zauropsydyRząd: żółwiePodrząd
Cryptodira
Pleurodira
Układ filogenetyczny na podstawie Anders G.J. Rhodin, James F. Parham, Peter Paul van Dijk, and John B. Iverson: Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy and Synonymy, 2009 Update, with Conservation Status Summary (ang.). 2009.
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Żółw czerwonobrzuchy: Brief Summary ( Polish )

provided by wikipedia POL

Żółw czerwonobrzuchy (Pseudemys rubriventris) – gatunek gada z podrzędu żółwi skrytoszyjnych z rodziny żółwi błotnych.

Uwaga Żółwie Pseudemys rubriventris w Polsce uznawane, są za gatunek inwazyjny. Oznacza to, że nie wolno takich żółwi wypuszczać do środowiska naturalnego.
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Прикрашена черепаха червоночеревна ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Загальна довжина карапаксу коливається від 25 до 40 см. Спостерігається статевий диморфізм: самиці більші за самців. Голова середнього розміру. Має зубчатий, кликоподібний виріст на верхній щелепі. Карапакс довгий і досить низький. У самиць карапакс трохи зморшкуватий. Пластрон великий. Пахвові щитки коротки.

Зверху черепаха забарвлена у темно-коричневі тони. Голова, шия та кінцівки з поздовжніми білими переривчастими смужками. Пластрон і нижній край карапаксу червонуваті. У самиць карапакс коричневий з червоними поперечними рисками і безліччю дрібних червоних міток, а пластрон помаранчевий або червоний зі складним малюнком, що з віком зникає. Старі особини дуже темні, але відмітини з віком не зникають.

Спосіб життя

Полюбляє струмки, ставки, озера, болота з прісною і солонуватою водою. Населяє сильно замулені водойми, порослі різноманітною водною рослинністю з переважанням перистолистників. Дуже обережна і часто ховається у густих заростях водних рослин. Активна з середини квітня при температурі води 13-14 °C до середини вересня. Коли вода охолоджується, черепаха може переміщатися по суші на значні відстані. Харчується рибою, земноводними, молюсками, комахами, водними рослинами.

Статева зрілість настає у 9 років. Сезон парування припадає на березень—липень в залежності від місця проживання. Самиці відкладають яйця у травні—червні. У кладці 13—17, іноді 30 яєць. Інкубаційний період триває 70—100 днів. Новонароджені черепашата завдовжки 2,8—3,2 см.

Розповсюдження

Мешкає уздовж Атлантичного узбережжя від Північної Кароліни до Нью-Джерсі та Массачусетса. Зустрічається також у Пенсильванії (США).

Джерела

  • Stephens, P.R. & Wiens, J.J. 2003. Ecological diversification and phylogeny of emydid turtles. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 79: 577–610
  • White, Christopher P. 1986. Freshwater turtles: Designed for survival turtles. National Geographic 169(1):40-59
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Pseudemys rubriventris ( Vietnamese )

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Pseudemys rubriventris là một loài rùa trong họ Emydidae. Loài này được Le Conte mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1830.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Pseudemys rubriventris”. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Pseudemys alabamensis tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến rùa này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Pseudemys rubriventris: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Pseudemys rubriventris là một loài rùa trong họ Emydidae. Loài này được Le Conte mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1830.

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紅腹偽龜 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Pseudemys rubriventris[1]
(LeConte, 1830)[1]
  • Testudo rubriventris LeConte, 1830
  • Terrapene rubriventris Bonaparte, 1830
  • Emys irrigata Bell, 1835
  • Emys irrigita Duméril & Bibron, 1835 (ex errore)
  • Emys rubriventris Duméril & Bibron, 1835
  • Clemmys (Clemmys) rubriventris Fitzinger, 1835
  • Chrysemys rubriventris Boulenger, 1889
  • Pseudemys rubriventris Baur, 1893
  • Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi Babcock, 1937
  • Pseudemys rubriventris rubriventris Babcock, 1937
  • Chrysemys rubriventris rubriventris Weaver & Rose, 1967
  • Chrysemys rubriventris bangsi Ernst & Barbour, 1972
  • Pseudemys bangsi Collins, 1991
  • Chrysemys rubriventris fubriventris Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore)

紅腹偽龜英語northern red-bellied turtle學名Pseudemys rubriventris[1])是偽龜屬下的一種,原産於美國

描述

這一種較大的淡水龜,平均長29~30厘米(11~12英寸),重3公斤(6.6英磅),雌性個體可以長到40厘米(16英寸)長。[2]

保護

 src=
一隻發現與馬薩諸賽州安多弗的紅腹偽龜

賓夕法尼亞州紅腹偽龜是一個受威脅物種,[3]美國魚類及野生動物管理局及麻薩諸塞州分局列為“瀕臨滅絕”。[4]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rhodin 2010,第000.102页
  2. ^ The IUCN Red list of Threatened SpeciesPseudemys rubriventris (American Red-bellied Turtle, Northern Red-bellied Cooter, Northern Redbelly Turtle)
  3. ^ Threatened species - Pennsylvania
  4. ^ http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/wildlife/facts/reptiles/herp_list.htm 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2012-10-13.
參考書目
 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:紅腹偽龜
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紅腹偽龜: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

紅腹偽龜(英語:northern red-bellied turtle,學名:Pseudemys rubriventris)是偽龜屬下的一種,原産於美國

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キタアカハラガメ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
キタアカハラガメ キタアカハラガメ
キタアカハラガメ Pseudemys rubriventris
保全状況評価[a 1] LOWER RISK - Near Threatened
(IUCN Red List Ver.2.3 (1994))
Status iucn2.3 NT.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 爬虫綱 Reptilia : カメ目 Testudines 亜目 : 潜頸亜目 Cryptodira 上科 : リクガメ上科 Testudinoidea : ヌマガメ科 Emydidae 亜科 : アミメガメ亜科 Deirochlyinae : クーターガメ属 Pseudemys : キタアカハラガメ
P. rubriventris 学名 Pseudemys rubriventris
(LeConte, 1830) シノニム

Testudo rubriventris LeConte, 1830 Chrysemys rubriventris bangsi
Ernst & Barbour, 1972

和名 キタアカハラガメ 英名 American red-bellied turtle

キタアカハラガメ(北赤腹亀、学名Pseudemys rubriventris)は、ヌマガメ科クーターガメ属に分類されるカメ

分布[編集]

アメリカ合衆国ウエストバージニア州北東部、デラウェア州ニュージャージー州南部、ノースカロライナ州北東部、バージニア州東部、ペンシルベニア州南東部、マサチューセッツ州東部、メリーランド州[1]

クーターガメ属内(アカハラガメ類)では最も北に分布することが、和名の由来と考えられている[1]。マサチューセッツ州と他の分布域の間にも近年まで分布していたものの、人為的な理由により絶滅したと考えられている[1]

形態[編集]

最大甲長40センチメートル[1]。オスよりもメスの方が大型になり、オスは最大でも甲長32センチメートル[1]背甲はややドーム状で、上から見ると第7縁甲板と第8縁甲板の継ぎ目付近で最も幅が広い卵型[1]。背甲前部は中央部が前方に突出せず、幅広くやや凹む[1]項甲板はやや大型で、細長く後方がやや幅広い等脚台形[1]。第1椎甲板は縦幅と横幅が同じかやや縦幅が長いが、第2椎甲板以降は横幅の方が長い。第2椎甲板から第4椎甲板にかけては平坦かわずかに凹む[1]。背甲の色彩は濃い暗黄色や褐色、暗褐色で、大型個体は暗色化し黒くなる個体もいる[1]。肋甲板や縁甲板に黄色や橙色、赤の横縞や波状の筋模様が入る[1]。第2肋甲板の筋模様は太く、先端が枝分かれする個体が多い[1]。成体は第1、第3肋甲板の筋模様が消失する個体が多く、また暗色化した個体は背甲の筋模様が全て消失する個体が多い[1]鼠蹊甲板は短い。腹甲の色彩は赤や赤みの強い橙色一色[1]。種小名rubriventrisは「赤い腹の」の意[1]

上顎の先端が凹み、その両脇が突出して牙状になる[1]。頭部や四肢、尾の色彩は濃い暗黄色(暗色化した個体では暗褐色)で、細く黄色い筋模様が入る[1]。頭部吻端に矢尻状の斑紋が入り、正中線上に入った筋模様と繋がり矢印状になる[1]。頭部の正中線両脇に入る縦縞は眼より前方から入る[1]。喉に入る縦縞は細く、正中線付近の縦縞の太さは頭部の横幅の7%未満。

卵は長径2.5-3.7センチメートル、短径1.9-2.5センチメートルの楕円形状[1]。孵化直後の幼体は甲長2.8-3.2センチメートル。幼体は椎甲板に筋状の隆起(キール)があり、腹甲の甲板の継ぎ目(シーム)の周辺に暗色斑が入る[1]。成長に伴いキールや斑紋は消失する[1]

分類[編集]

隔離分布するマサチューセッツ州の個体群を亜種として分割する説もあった[1]。しかし形態および酵素の電気泳動からなる分子系統学的解析から他地域の個体群との明瞭な差異がないとして、亜種を認めない説が有力[1]

生態[編集]

低地にある河川湖沼湿原などに生息し、底質が泥で水生植物が繁茂した環境を好む[1]。水棲傾向が強く産卵を除いて水場から離れる事はまれだが、陸伝いに水場を移動したり水場から10-250メートル離れた場所に産卵することもある[1]昼行性で、日光浴を好む[1]

食性は雑食で、植物、藻類、魚類、両生類の幼生、昆虫甲殻類貝類、動物の死骸などを食べる[1]。幼体は動物食傾向の強い雑食だが、成長に伴い植物食傾向が強くなる[1]

繁殖形態は卵生。5-7月に基底が砂が混ざった粘土やローム質の開けた場所に穴を掘り、1回に10-17個(大型個体では30個以上の卵を産むとする文献もある)の卵を産む[1]。卵は70-100日で孵化する[1]。オスは腹甲の直線距離にして約22センチメートル(生後9年)で性成熟する[1]

人間との関係[編集]

開発による生息地の破壊、水質汚染、蚊に対する殺虫剤の散布などにより生息数は減少している[1]。隔離分布するマサチューセッツ州の個体群は法的に保護の対象とされている[1]

ペットとして飼育されることもあり、日本にも輸入されている。古くから流通しているものの流通量は少なかったが、流通量は増加している[1]。飼育下繁殖個体の幼体が流通する[1]。別種と混同されたり、別種の名称で本種が流通した事もある[1]。成長が早く大型になるため、大型のケージが用意できない場合は一般家庭での飼育には勧められない[1]。属単位で要注意外来生物に指定されている。

参考文献[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al 安川雄一郎 「クーターガメ属、ニシキガメ属、アミメガメ属の分類と自然史(II)」『クリーパー』第44号、クリーパー社、2008年、4-5、26-34頁。
  • 海老沼剛 『爬虫・両生類ビジュアルガイド 水棲ガメ1 アメリカ大陸のミズガメ』、誠文堂新光社2005年、34頁。

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにキタアカハラガメに関する情報があります。

外部リンク[編集]

  1. ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
    • Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1996. Pseudemys rubriventris. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.
 title=
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キタアカハラガメ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

キタアカハラガメ(北赤腹亀、学名:Pseudemys rubriventris)は、ヌマガメ科クーターガメ属に分類されるカメ

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붉은배거북 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

붉은배거북거북목 늪거북과의 파충류이다.

특징

Turtle from Pomp's Pond in Andover.jpg

몸의 길이는 평균 29~30cm이고 몸무게는 평균 3kg이다. 암컷은 최대 40cm까지 성장할 수 있다.

생태

하천과 호수, 연못, 습지 등에 서식하고 수생 식물이 무성한 환경을 좋아한다. 주행성 동물이고 일광욕을 좋아한다.

잡식동물로서 식물, 조류, 어류, 양서류의 유생, 곤충, 갑각류, 조개, 동물의 사체 등을 먹는다.

참조

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