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larva of Stelis punctulatissima parasitises nest of Anthidium manicatum

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Große Wollbiene ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src=
Dornenbewehrtes Hinterleibsende eines Männchens
 src=
Begattung auf einer Blüte
 src=
Schlafendes Weibchen
Siehe auch: Andere Perspektive

Die Große Wollbiene oder Garten-Wollbiene (Anthidium manicatum) ist eine Bienenart aus der Familie der Megachilidae und gehört damit zu den Solitärbienen. Diese Art fällt durch eine wespenähnliche schwarz-gelbe Zeichnung auf. Die gelben Streifen vereinigen sich auf der Oberseite des Abdomens nicht. Die Namensgebung ist auf die Verwendung von Pflanzenwolle zum Brutzellenbau zurückzuführen.

Etymologie

„Von lat. 'manicatum' = 'mit einer Hand versehen', wegen der fünf mehr oder weniger fingerförmigen Fortsätze am Hinterleibsende der Männchen. Der deutsche Name [Garten-Wollbiene] bezieht sich auf einen Lebensraum, in dem man die Art häufig findet.“[1]

Bau der Großen Wollbienen

Die männlichen Tiere sind mit 14 bis 18 Millimeter deutlich größer als die Weibchen, die elf bis zwölf Millimeter groß werden. Der Hinterleib der weiblichen Tiere weist eine meist regelmäßige wespenähnliche gelb-schwarze Zeichnung auf. Die gelben Streifen vereinen sich auf der Oberseite des Abdomens nicht, daher verläuft ein schwarzer Mittelstreifen entlang der Rückenlinie und verjüngt sich in Richtung Hinterleibsende immer weiter. Die Zeichnung der Männchen ist nicht regelmäßig. Die gelben Bereiche sind oft zu Punkten reduziert oder durch schwarze Bereiche unterbrochen. Am Hinterleibsende der Männchen befinden sich fünf Dornen, drei am Endtergit und zwei weitere am äußeren Rand des vorletzten Tergiten. Diese Dornen setzen die Männchen zur Verteidigung des Paarungsreviers gegen Nahrungskonkurrenten ein.

Revierverhalten der Männchen

Die Männchen besetzen Reviere, in denen sich mehrere bevorzugte Blütenpflanzen – beispielsweise Zieste (Stachys), Salbei (Salvia) oder Herzgespannarten (Leonurus) – befinden, bei denen dann von mehreren Weibchen Pollen, Nektar und Nistmaterial gesammelt wird. Vor diesen Pflanzen patrouilliert das Männchen im Schwebeflug, der dem der Schwebfliegen ähnelt, und vertreibt Nahrungskonkurrenten, wie zum Beispiel Hummeln, Honigbienen oder andere Männchen. Dazu fliegt es auf seinen Gegner zu und krümmt kurz vor dem Zusammenprall seinen Hinterleib nach vorn, so dass die Dornen am Hinterleibsende nach vorn gerichtet sind. Dabei kann es zu Verletzungen der empfindlichen Flügel der Angegriffenen kommen. Werden diese dadurch flugunfähig, müssen sie verhungern.

Fortpflanzung

Die im jeweiligen Revier eines Männchens Pollen und Nektar sammelnden Weibchen werden von dem Männchen angeflogen und meist auf der Blüte begattet. Jeweils ein Ei legt die weibliche Biene in eine mit Pollen und Nektar gefüllte Brutzelle, die sie in vorgefundenen Erd-, Mauer- und Holzlöchern oder Felsspalten anlegt. Nach der Eiablage verschließt sie die Brutzelle mit Pflanzenwolle. Aus befruchteten Eiern entwickeln sich weibliche und aus unbefruchteten Eiern männliche Tiere.

Larvalentwicklung und Flugzeit

Die Larve häutet sich nach dem Schlüpfen mehrmals und frisst wochenlang vom Nahrungsvorrat, bevor sie sich in einen Kokon einspinnt und verpuppt. Die Winterpause erfolgt als Ruhelarve. Am Ende der Metamorphose schlüpft aus der Puppe die flugfähige Biene (Imago). In Mitteleuropa ist eine Generation je Jahr („univoltin“) die Regel. In heißen, langen Sommern kann es zu einer zweiten Brut kommen, die aber nur selten erfolgreich ist. Die Weibchen fliegen von Mitte Juni bis Mitte Oktober. Die Männchen fliegen von Mitte Juni bis Ende September.

Schlafgewohnheiten

Ein ungewöhnliches Verhalten zeigen die Großen Wollbienen beim Schlafen. Wenn es das Wetter erlaubt, beißen sie sich mit den Mandibeln an Pflanzenteilen fest und lassen sich hängen. Zunächst sind die Flügel noch gespreizt. Bei tiefer werdendem Schlaf entspannen sich die Beine und sinken hinab. Bei tiefer Ruhe werden die Flügel am Körper angelegt. Bei Störung lassen sich die Tiere fallen und können sofort abfliegen. Dieses Verhalten kann auch bei anderen Arten der Gattung Anthidium beobachtet werden. Weitere Solitärbienenarten, die auch auf diese Weise schlafen, sind beispielsweise bei den Wespenbienen zu finden. Bei Regenwetter oder starkem Wind ziehen die Großen Wollbienen sich wie andere solitär lebende Bienen in wettergeschützte Hohlräume, wie zum Beispiel in noch leere Brutzellen ihrer Niströhren, zurück.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Scheuchl E., Willner W.: Taschenlexikon der Wildbienen Mitteleuropas. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5, S. 221 f.
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wikipedia DE

Große Wollbiene: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src= Dornenbewehrtes Hinterleibsende eines Männchens  src= Begattung auf einer Blüte  src= Schlafendes Weibchen
Siehe auch: Andere Perspektive

Die Große Wollbiene oder Garten-Wollbiene (Anthidium manicatum) ist eine Bienenart aus der Familie der Megachilidae und gehört damit zu den Solitärbienen. Diese Art fällt durch eine wespenähnliche schwarz-gelbe Zeichnung auf. Die gelben Streifen vereinigen sich auf der Oberseite des Abdomens nicht. Die Namensgebung ist auf die Verwendung von Pflanzenwolle zum Brutzellenbau zurückzuführen.

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Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
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Anthidium manicatum

provided by wikipedia EN

Anthidium manicatum, commonly called the European wool carder bee,[1] is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter bees or mason bees.[2]

They get the name "carder" from their behaviour of scraping hair from leaves[3] such as lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina). They carry this hair bundled beneath their bodies to be used as a nest lining.[4] Like other members of the tribe Anthidiini, these bees do not cut leaves or petals as is typical for megachilids.[5] The males engage in territorial behaviour, aggressively chasing other males and pollinators from their territory.[6]

This bee is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It has recently been seen in regions of South America, New Zealand, and the Canary Islands. They are generalists, and do not seem to prefer any plant genera for foraging, although in New Zealand, native plants are visited less frequently by this bee species.

It was accidentally introduced into North America from Europe some time in the mid-20th century, first seen in 1963 near Ithaca, New York, and since then an invasive pest.[6]

Taxonomy and phylogeny

This species belongs to the family Megachilidae and the order Hymenoptera, which consists of organisms such as ants, bees and wasps, and the superfamily Apoidea, which is more specific to bees and wasps.[7]

Description and identification

Detail of patterns on the abdomen of a male A. manicatum
A female A. manicatum
A male A. manicatum

Anthidium manicatum is originally an Old World bee. It has a wingspan around 20 millimetres (0.79 in), with a body length of about 11–13 mm (0.43–0.51 in) for females, and 14–17 mm (0.55–0.67 in) for males.[8] The males are substantially larger than females.[1]

A. manicatum bees are black and covered with yellow-grey hairs. Their faces and abdomens are covered in yellow spots. A male A. manicatum has a black head and thorax, coated with short yellowish-brown hairs. The cheeks below the antennae, a small spot behind each eye, a bilobate spot on the clypeus, and the mandibles (except the apex) are yellow. The wings are dusky in color. The abdomen is black with grey hairs, with a band of brown hairs at each segment's apex, as well as along the lateral margins.[9] This feature distinguishes male A. manicatum from New World Anthidium species.[10] A yellow spot is on each side of the segments except the seventh. A second pair of spots is often seen on the disks of the fourth and fifth segments. A spine occurs on each side of the sixth and seventh segments at the apex, the seventh having a third thin spine in the middle. The legs exhibit variegation of yellow and are covered with grey hairs. A female A. manicatum is smaller in size than the male, but has a similar color pattern. The abdominal spots are smaller and the apex is rounded. Female legs are almost completely black, with very small yellow spots.[9] The anterior sides of the tarsal segments of each leg of female A. manicatum have fine, soft and small white-colored hairs. This pilosity occurs in most species of Anthidium in the Western Palearctic region.[11]

Males of A. manicatum resemble A. maculosum in appearance. The two species have similar spiniform pygidia, as well as largely rounded sixth sterna (although that of A. manicatum is more so).[10]

Distribution and habitat

A. manicatum is found in parts of Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America. It has also recently been documented in the Canary Islands, and South American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.[12][13] As of 2006, this species is also now established in New Zealand.[14]

This insect was accidentally introduced into the United States from Europe sometime prior to 1963, when it was discovered in New York.[15] It has since spread from the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada across the United States to California, where it was first collected in 2007.[16] This species' tendency to occupy ready-made nesting sites, usually movable objects, allows it to spread to new locations easily.[10]

In Europe, this species is normally found in gardens, fields, and meadows in the southern part of Wales and England, but is localized in other places within the United Kingdom,[4] where they can be seen from May to September.[4] A. manicatum is the only species of the genus Anthidium that can be found in England.[17]

Nesting

'Wooly' trichomes as seen on Stachys byzantina, used by A. manicatum for nest construction.

Being a member of the Anthidiini tribe of megachilid bees, A. manicatum engages in highly elaborate nesting behavior. These bees construct their nests in pre-existing cavities, using the trichomes of wooly plants. Females of A. manicatum use their mandibles, which are sharply toothed, to remove trichomes from the stems and leaves of various plants. They then roll up the trichomes into a ball and bring them to a pre-existing cavity. Inside the cavity, the bees fashion the trichome ball into cells, where they deposit an egg and a provisioning mass consisting of nectar and pollen. The female creates several cells in a cavity. Once finished, she seals the entrance to the cavity with a terminal plug, which consists of inorganic and organic materials that she brings to the nest.[18]

Females collect "down" from such plants as lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina). They scrape the hairs from the leaves and carry them back to their nests bundled beneath their bodies. There, the bundle is used as a lining for their nest cavities.[1][19]

Females tend to build their nests at high locations. This may be to minimize the nest's exposure to parasites and predators. This may also be to avoid nest usurpation by other females of A. manicatum.[18]

Materials

Besides trichomes, other materials used by a female A. manicatum for building brood cells include mud, stones, resin, and leaves. Some of the plant materials that are collected are hydrophobic, a feature that may serve an antimicrobial function for the nest. Females smear a plant substrate, plant extrafloral trichome secretions, on brood cells. The primary material used to build the cells are plant hairs, or "wool" (hence the name "wool carder bee"), that is collected from the stems and leaves of plants. Females largely use the hairs of Lamiaceae, especially those of the genus Betonica or Stachys. Additionally, females use specialized hair-like structures on the exterior of their tarsi to absorb the secretions of the plant hairs to apply onto the brood cells. These secretions are obtained from different species, such as Anthirrinum, Crepis, and Pelargonium.[20]

Behavior

A. manicatum in a flower

Mating behavior

The mating system of A. manicatum is unlike those of most other bees. Females exhibit polyandry and continuously mate throughout their reproductive lives.[21] The interval of time between copulations amongst different males can be as short as 35 seconds in length.[22] Males exhibit resource defense polygyny. A. manicatum displays extreme polyandry, which is linked to male territoriality and resource defence of flowering plants. Males claim patches of floral plants, aggressively ward off conspecific males, bees, and other resource competitors, and mate with the females that forage in their territories. Copulations occur repeatedly and regularly in both sexes. Males that are unable to defend their own territory (usually because of their relatively small size) use an alternative "sneaking" tactic. These unfit males receive fewer copulation opportunities than females.[21]

Such mating and territorial behaviour in bees has also been observed in Anthidiellum notatum, Anthidiellum perplexum, and Anthidium banningense. However, males of the genus Anthidiellum chase away intruders rather than physically attacking them, so their aggressive behaviour differs significantly.[23]

Resource defence and aggression

The territorial mating behaviour of males of A. manicatum occurs when foraging resources are amassed, allowing for monopolization and defence of territories by individual males.[21] Resource defence, as exhibited by male A. manicatum bees, has been thought to benefit females by reducing foraging competition for pollen and nectar.[21] The rate a female visits a territory is highly correlated with the number of flowers in that area.[22] If females forage in sites that are being defended by males and the cost of additional matings is low for female members, then male resource defence and female polyandry may co-evolve.[21]

Males of A. manicatum display highly aggressive behaviour,[24] both to conspecifics and other visitors to the flowers in its territory.[1] In the process of obtaining and defending flowering plant territories, males regularly patrol their territories and attack conspecific males and heterospecific pollinators. This typically consists of brief, aggressive "tackles", but they sometimes lethally injure the pollinators as a result of their aggression.[18] The territorial behaviour of males develops after a period of flight without any localisation in search of a suitable flower patch.[24] They will also defend conspecific females,[13] although they do harass them by holding them immobile and repeatedly attempting to mate.[2]

Late male sperm precedence

Apparently, no selection pressure exists on males of A. manicatum to be the first to copulate, hence no (or very little) selection pressure arises for them to emerge before females.[25] This is due to the females' polyandrous behaviour, and can also be attributed to a phenomenon called "late male sperm precedence".

Patterns of sperm use by the females determine the benefits of resource defence for males. If the female uses only the sperm from her first copulation in a breeding season, then selection will not favor the 'sit-and-wait' strategy of resource defence for the males over strategies that are pre-emptive, such as patrolling nest sites. However, if delayed mating can still ensure a high probability of procreating, then the resource defence strategy will be favoured.[21]

'Late male sperm precedence', or LMSP, is an experimental situation in which two males mate in sequence with a female and the second male will hold paternity of over 50% of the female's offspring. Although females do have a spermatheca for long-term sperm storage, more recent mates tend to father the brood she produces. This phenomenon might be caused by a variety of mechanisms, including sperm digestion or removal by the female, removal by the next male, or stratification of sperm from different males in the sperm storage organ of the female (i.e. the last sperm in is the first to come out). Studies have shown that A. manicatum males that copulate late in a sequence have a greater than average chance of paternity of the female's eggs. Late male sperm precedence may have fostered the evolution of resource defence in A. manicatum males.[21]

Diet and foraging behavior

A. manicatum bees consume the pollen from flowers of varying families. They are thus considered to be generalists. They visit garden flowers and weeds, preferring blue flowers that have long throats[1] with Old World origins.[1] Both males and females can maintain a precise static hover near flowers similar to flies in the family Syrphidae.[26]

Sexual dimorphism

Unlike most other species of Hymenoptera, male A. manicatum bees are larger than females in size, displaying male-biased sexual dimorphism. The selection for larger size in males may have resulted due to their aggressive territorial behavior and subsequent differential mating success. Although it does not tear other males apart, the abdominal armature of a male A. manicatum may have been developed due to territorial aggression, rather than for mating purposes.[24] Male size has been found to correlate with mating success. Smaller males implement alternative mating tactics if they cannot defeat larger males for territory.[18]

The mating behavior of a male A. manicatum can be determined by its relative body size compared to other conspecific males. Territory owners are larger in size than wanderers, and copulate with females more frequently, as well. The number of copulations a male territory owner can achieve varies based on the size of the territory – males with larger territories generally achieve more copulations than those with smaller territories. This difference may be due to the energy expenditure of smaller bees to defend their territory from larger males, the inability of small males to mate on their territory, or female choice of larger males (regardless of territory size).[27] Hence the number of copulations a male obtains is positively correlated with territory quality as well as male size.[21]

Subspecies [2]

  • A. m. barbarum Lepeletier, 1841
  • A. m. gribodoi Schwarz and Gusenleitner, 2003
  • A. m. manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms [3]

  • Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758
  • Apis pervigil Harris, 1776
  • Apis maculata Fabricius, 1781
  • Apis fulvipes de Villers, 1789 (homonym)
  • Apis modesta Christ, 1791
  • Apis amoenita Christ, 1791
  • Apis uncata Schrank, 1802
  • Anthidium maculatum Latreille, 1806 (homonym)
  • Anthidium marginatum Latreille, 1809
  • Anthidium obtusatum Lepeletier, 1841
  • Anthidium productum Lepeletier, 1841
  • Anthidium manicatum var. nigrithorax Dalla Torre, 1877
  • Anthidium manicatum var. fasciatum Schirmer, 1915
  • Anthidium manicatum var. nasicolle Friese, 1917
  • Anthidium manicatum var. luteus Gribodo, 1924 (homonym)
  • Anthidium manicatum subcrenulata Alfken, 1930
  • Anthidium manicatum cyrenaica van der Zanden, 1992 (homonym)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Species Anthidium manicatum – European Wool Carder Bee – BugGuide.Net
  2. ^ a b Wool Carder Bee / Leafcutting Bee – Anthidium manicatum
  3. ^ Anthidium manicatum – Wool Carder Bee Archived July 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Bees, Wasps & Ants Recording Society
  4. ^ a b c Wool Carder Bees – Anthidium manicatum – UK Safari
  5. ^ Michener, C.D. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. 913 pp.
  6. ^ a b Graham, Kelsey K. "Bee battles: why our native pollinators are losing the war". The Conversation. Retrieved 10 July 2020. The European wool-carder bee was first discovered in North America in 1963 near Ithaca, New York, and since then, its impact has been felt from coast to coast.
  7. ^ "Anthidium Manicatum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System on-line database. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  8. ^ Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Discover Life
  9. ^ a b Saunders, Edward (1884). The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for the Year 1884. The Society., 1884. p. 218.
  10. ^ a b c Jaycox, Elbert R. (January 1967). "An Adventive Anthidium in New York State (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 40 (1): 124–126. JSTOR 25083603.
  11. ^ Müller, A.; Töpfl, W.; Amiet, F. (1996). "Collection of Extrafloral Trichome Secretions for Nest Wool Impregnation in the Solitary Bee Anthidium manicatum". Naturwissenschaften. 83 (5): 230–232. Bibcode:1996NW.....83..230M. doi:10.1007/BF01143331. S2CID 30688474.
  12. ^ "Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)". Moure's Bee Catalogue. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  13. ^ a b L. L. Pechuman (1967). "Observations on the behavior of the bee Anthidium manicatum (L.)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 75 (2): 68–73. JSTOR 25006048.
  14. ^ [1] Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 57.
  15. ^ "UC Davis Department of Entomology - News: Wool Carder Bee Not the Terrorist Some Folks Think It is". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
  16. ^ Anthidium manicatum – Definition and Scientific Information – Page 1
  17. ^ Pechuman, L. L. (June 1967). "Observations on the Behavior of the Bee Anthidium manicatum (L.)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 75 (2): 68–73. JSTOR 25006048.
  18. ^ a b c d Payne, Ansel; Schildroth, Dustin A.; Starks, Philip T. (12 May 2010). "Nest site selection in the European wool-carder bee, Anthidium manicatum, with methods for an emerging model species" (PDF). Apidologie. 42 (2): 181–191. doi:10.1051/apido/2010050. S2CID 5748082. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  19. ^ Anthidium manicatum – Wool Carder Bee Archived July 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Eltz, Thomas; Küttner, Jennifer; Lunau, Klaus; Tollrian, Ralph (6 January 2015). "Plant secretions prevent wasp parasitism in nests of wool-carder bees, with implications for the diversification of nesting materials in Megachilidae". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2. doi:10.3389/fevo.2014.00086.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Lampert, Kathrin P.; Pasternak, Vanessa; Brand, Philipp; Tollrian, Ralph; Leese, Florian (9 January 2014). "'Late' male sperm precedence in polyandrous wool-carder bees and the evolution of male resource defence in Hymenoptera" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 90: 211–217. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.034. S2CID 53157215. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  22. ^ a b Severinghaus, Lucia L.; Kurtak, Barbara H.; Eickwort, George C. (27 March 1981). "The Reproductive Behavior of Anthidium manicatum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and the Significance of Size for Territorial Males". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 9: 51–58. doi:10.1007/BF00299853. S2CID 25629329.
  23. ^ Turell, Michael J. (March 1976). "Observations on the Mating Behavior of Anthidiellum notatum and Anthidiellum perplexum". The Florida Entomologist. 59 (1): 55–61. doi:10.2307/3493170. JSTOR 3493170.
  24. ^ a b c Jaycox, Elbert R. (October 1967). "Territorial Behavior Among Males of Anthidium Bamngense". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 40 (4): 565–570. JSTOR 25083662.
  25. ^ Wirtz, P.; Kopka, S.; Schmoll, G. (1991). "Phenology of two territorial solitary bees, Anthidium manicatum and A. florentinum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)". Journal of Zoology. 228 (4): 641–651. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04461.x.
  26. ^ "Wool Carder Bee – Anthidium manicatum Family Megachilidae". North American Insects and Spiders. Red Planet, Inc. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  27. ^ Starks, P. T.; Reeve, H. K. (1999). "Condition-based alternative reproductive tactics in the wool-carder bee, Anthidium manicatum". Ethology Ecology & Evolution. 11: 71–75. doi:10.1080/08927014.1999.9522843.
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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN

Anthidium manicatum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Anthidium manicatum, commonly called the European wool carder bee, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter bees or mason bees.

They get the name "carder" from their behaviour of scraping hair from leaves such as lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina). They carry this hair bundled beneath their bodies to be used as a nest lining. Like other members of the tribe Anthidiini, these bees do not cut leaves or petals as is typical for megachilids. The males engage in territorial behaviour, aggressively chasing other males and pollinators from their territory.

This bee is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It has recently been seen in regions of South America, New Zealand, and the Canary Islands. They are generalists, and do not seem to prefer any plant genera for foraging, although in New Zealand, native plants are visited less frequently by this bee species.

It was accidentally introduced into North America from Europe some time in the mid-20th century, first seen in 1963 near Ithaca, New York, and since then an invasive pest.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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Anthidium manicatum ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Anthidium manicatum[1]​ es una especie de abeja de la familia Megachilidae.

En inglés se las llama abejas cardadoras.[2]​ Reciben este nombre por la forma en que coleccionan los pelillos de las hojas de las plantas,[3]​ como los de Stachys byzantina. Acarrean estos pelillos debajo del abdomen y los usan para forrar el interior de las celdillas del nido.[4]​ Al igual que otros miembros de la tribu Anthidiini, no cortan hojas o pétalos lo que las diferencia de otras abejas megaquílidas.[5]

Los machos poseen comportamiento agresivo territorial contra otros machos.[1]

Descripción e identificación

 src=
Detale del abdomen de un macho Anthidium manicatum
 src=
A. manicatum, hembra
 src=
A. manicatum, macho

Tiene una envergadura aproximada de 20 mm y una longitud del cuerpo de 11 a 13 mm para la hembra y de 14 a 17 mm para el macho.[6]​ A diferencia de la mayoría de species de abejas, los machos son más grandes que las hembras.[1]

Tiene el cuerpo negro cubierto de pelos amarillos grisáceos. La cara y el abdomen están cubiertos de manchas amarillas.

El macho tiene la cabeza negra y el tórax cubierto de manchas con pelos castaño amarillentos. Las mejillas, bajo las antenas, una mancha en el clípeo y las mandíbulas (excepto el ápice) son amarillas. Las alas son oscuras. El abdomen es negro con vellos grises y con una banda de pelos marrones en cada segmento, así como en los márgenes laterales.[7]​ Este rasgo diferencia al macho de A. manicatum de las especies de Anthidium del Nuevo Mundo. Las patas presentan manchas de colores amarillos cubiertos por pelos grises.

La hembra es más chica que el macho pero tiene coloración similar. Las manchas abdominales son más pequeñas. Las patas de la hembra son negras con pequeñas manchas amarillas.[7][8]

El macho A. manicatum se parece a A. maculosum. Tienen pigidios de forma similar, así como un sternum sexto alargado, (aunque el de A. manicatum es más pronunciado).[9]

Distribución y hábitat

Anthidium manicatum se encuentra en Europa, Asia y norte de África, su distribución original. Ahora ha llegado a muchas partes del mundo, Norte América, también se la ha documentado en las islas Canarias y en Sudamérica, en Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay.[10][11]​ Desde 2006 se ha establecido en Nueva Zelanda.[12][9]

Fue accidentalmente introducida en los Estados Unidos, desde Europa algo antes de 1963, cuando se la descubrió en el estado de Nueva York.[13]​ Desde entonces se ha difundido al noreste de Estados Unidos, sudeste de Canadá y el resto de Norteamérica hasta California, donde fue encontrada por primera vez en 2007.[14]

Subespecies [2]

  • Anthidium manicatum manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Anthidium manicatum barbarum Lepeletier, 1841
  • Anthidium manicatum gribodoi Schwarz and Gusenleitner, 2003

Sinónimos [3]

  • Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758
  • Apis pervigil Harris, 1776
  • Apis maculata Fabricius, 1781
  • Apis fulvipes de Villers, 1789 (homonym)
  • Apis modesta Christ, 1791
  • Apis amoenita Christ, 1791
  • Apis uncata Schrank, 1802
  • Anthidium maculatum Latreille, 1806 (homonym)
  • Anthidium marginatum Latreille, 1809
  • Anthidium obtusatum Lepeletier, 1841
  • Anthidium productum Lepeletier, 1841
  • Anthidium manicatum var. nigrithorax Dalla Torre, 1877
  • Anthidium manicatum var. fasciatum Schirmer, 1915
  • Anthidium manicatum var. nasicolle Friese, 1917
  • Anthidium manicatum var. luteus Gribodo, 1924 (homonym)
  • Anthidium manicatum subcrenulata Alfken, 1930
  • Anthidium manicatum cyrenaica van der Zanden, 1992 (homonym)

Referencias

  1. a b c Species Anthidium manicatum – European Wool Carder Bee – BugGuide.Net
  2. Wool Carder Bee / Leafcutting Bee – Anthidium manicatum
  3. Anthidium manicatum – Wool Carder Bee Archivado el 28 de julio de 2010 en Wayback Machine., Bees, Wasps & Ants Recording Society
  4. Wool Carder Bees – Anthidium manicatum – UK Safari
  5. Michener, C.D. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. 913 pp.
  6. Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Discover Life
  7. a b Saunders, Edward (1884). The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for the Year 1884. The Society., 1884. p. 218.
  8. Müller, A.; Töpfl, W.; Amiet, F. (1996). «Collection of Extrafloral Trichome Secretions for Nest Wool Impregnation in the Solitary Bee Anthidium manicatum». Naturwissenschaften 83 (5): 230-232. Bibcode:1996NW.....83..230M. doi:10.1007/BF01143331.
  9. a b Jaycox, Elbert R. (January 1967). «An Adventive Anthidium in New York State (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)». Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 40 (1): 124-126. JSTOR 25083603.
  10. «Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)». Moure's Bee Catalogue. Archivado desde el original el 11 June 2016. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2016.
  11. L. L. Pechuman (1967). «Observations on the behavior of the bee Anthidium manicatum (L.)». Journal of the New York Entomological Society 75 (2): 68-73. JSTOR 25006048.
  12. [1] Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 57.
  13. «Archived copy». Archivado desde el original el 18 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 29 de enero de 2011.
  14. Anthidium manicatum – Definition and Scientific Information – Page 1

Lecturas adicionales

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Anthidium manicatum: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Anthidium manicatum​ es una especie de abeja de la familia Megachilidae.

En inglés se las llama abejas cardadoras.​ Reciben este nombre por la forma en que coleccionan los pelillos de las hojas de las plantas,​ como los de Stachys byzantina. Acarrean estos pelillos debajo del abdomen y los usan para forrar el interior de las celdillas del nido.​ Al igual que otros miembros de la tribu Anthidiini, no cortan hojas o pétalos lo que las diferencia de otras abejas megaquílidas.​

Los machos poseen comportamiento agresivo territorial contra otros machos.​

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Huopamehiläinen ( Finnish )

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Huopamehiläinen eli seinähuopamehiläinen (Anthidium manicatum) on huopamehiläisten sukuun kuuluva laji. Se on 11–18 mm:n pituinen. Koiras on isompi kuin naaras. Takaruumiissa on keltaisia poikkijuovia tai kylkilaikkuja. Pesä sijaitsee kolossa ja se on vuorattu pähkämöllä tai porrolla, joita huopamehiläinen kuljettaa allaan. Se on erakkomehiläinen. Lentoaika on kesäkuulta syyskuulle. Huopamehiläistä tavataan eteläisessä ja keskisessä Suomessa.[2] Huopamehiläinen toimii kasvien pölyttäjänä vieraillen imemässä pitkällä kielellään mettä esimerkiksi huulikukkaiskasveista.

Lähteet

  1. Anthidium manicatum Itis Report. 7.8.2015. Viitattu 7.8.2015. (englanniksi)
  2. Lars-Henrik Olsen, Jakob Sunesen, Bente Vita Pedersen: ”Huopamehiläinen”, Murkkuja ja mehiläisiä, s. 57. Suomentanut Aino Ahola. WSOY, 1997. ISBN 951-0-21393-4.

Aiheesta muualla

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Huopamehiläinen: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Huopamehiläinen eli seinähuopamehiläinen (Anthidium manicatum) on huopamehiläisten sukuun kuuluva laji. Se on 11–18 mm:n pituinen. Koiras on isompi kuin naaras. Takaruumiissa on keltaisia poikkijuovia tai kylkilaikkuja. Pesä sijaitsee kolossa ja se on vuorattu pähkämöllä tai porrolla, joita huopamehiläinen kuljettaa allaan. Se on erakkomehiläinen. Lentoaika on kesäkuulta syyskuulle. Huopamehiläistä tavataan eteläisessä ja keskisessä Suomessa. Huopamehiläinen toimii kasvien pölyttäjänä vieraillen imemässä pitkällä kielellään mettä esimerkiksi huulikukkaiskasveista.

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Anthidium manicatum ( French )

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Anthidium manicatum est une espèce d'hyménoptères de la famille des Megachilidae.

Comme d'autres espèces de son genre[1], on l'appelle abeille cotonnière[2] à cause de son comportement : gratter les poils des feuilles comme celles de la Molène Bouillon-blanc ou de l'Épiaire laineuse qu'elle met en boule et qu'elle transporte sous son corps pour en revêtir son nid[3]. Hors d'Europe, elle est considérée comme espèce invasive.

Description

 src=
Un anthidium manicatum. Juin 2020.

Elle a une envergure d'environ 20 mm, avec une longueur de corps d'environ 11 à 13 mm pour les femelles, et 14 à 17 mm pour les mâles[4]. Cette abeille est le plus souvent noire et jaune, avec une fourrure orange. Elle a aussi des taches jaunes sur les pattes et les côtés de l'abdomen. Les mâles sont nettement plus grands que les femelles.

Distribution

Originaire d'Europe, d'Asie occidentale et de la côte d'Afrique du Nord, on la trouve aujourd'hui en Amérique du Nord, en Amérique du Sud, et de là Nouvelle-Zélande et dans les îles Canaries. Selon une étude de 2011, elle est considérée comme l'abeille plus largement répandue dans le monde parmi celles qui ne sont pas gérées par l'humain (telles que l'abeille mellifère (Apis mellifera), le bourdon terrestre (Bombus terrestris) ou Megachile rotundata)[5].

Elle a été introduite accidentellement aux États-Unis dans les années 60, et détectée pour la première fois à Ithaca, dans l'Etat de New-York. Elle s'y est apparemment d'abord étendue lentement, détectée en 1991 en Ontario et en 1996 en Pennsylvanie. Dès 2001, elle s'est répandue à grande vitesse, tant au Nord-Est du continent (Québec, Illinois en 2004[6]) que dans l'ouest, où elle est présente en Californie (2007) et en Oregon (2009), en Utah et au Colorado, et dans l'Ouest du Canada[7]. Sa présence y est fortement corrélée avec les plantes exotiques, et son potentiel invasif, considéré comme important, serait surtout lié aux habitats développés (synanthropie)[8].

En parallèle, elle s'est répandue en Amérique du Sud, du Surinam à l'Argentine au Pérou et jusqu'au Chili[9] (2015). Des données ont été collectées en Asie centrale dans les années 60, mais on ne sait pas s'il s'agit d'expansion ou si elle n'avait pas été détectée auparavant en raison des faibles prospections de la zone[5].

Les impacts de son invasion est encore peu étudiés[10]. En Nouvelle-Zélande, qui possède une faune et une flore très particulière, elle est considérée comme ne présentant pas une menace directe, tout en supposant de plus amples recherches[11]. Aux États-Unis, une étude montre qu'en présence d'Anthidium manicatum, les bourdons locaux (notamment Bombus affinis, et Bombus impatiens), en forte diminution à cause de la perte de leurs habitats, sont exclus des ressources florales. Dans ce cas, le rôle des femelles est aussi important que celui des mâles par la compétition pour les sources de nectar. Toutefois, les bourdons semblaient capables de trouver des ressources ailleurs.[12],[13].

Habitat

En Europe, cette espèce se trouve normalement dans les jardins, champs, prairies. Elle niche dans des cavités dans le sol, le bois pourri, les galeries creusées par des insectes xylophages et les creux de murs.

Comportement

 src=
Anthidium manicatum - mâle, détail
 src=
A. manicatum en vol stationnaire

L'espèce est territoriale. Les mâles, qui portent cinq pointes sur les deux segments terminaux de leur abdomen, sont très agressifs contre les autres mâles de leur espèce, ainsi que les autres insectes qui viennent butiner les fleurs de leur territoire, en les percutant à haute vitesse[14]. Juste avant l'impact, ils arquent leur abdomen pour frapper avec leurs dards. Une étude a montré une moyenne de 70 attaques à l'heure sur les fleurs défendues, et qu'ils peuvent aller jusqu'à tuer des concurrents[15]. Ils défendent également les femelles même s'ils les harcèlent en les immobilisant et en tentant à plusieurs reprises de s'accoupler avec elles. Mâles et femelles peuvent voler en vol stationnaire près des fleurs comme les mouches de la famille des Syrphidae.

Contrairement à d'autres espèces de la famille des Megachilidae, ces abeilles ne découpent pas les feuilles ou les pétales pour garnir leur nid[2], mais amassent les poils de certaines plantes (« coton »), ce qui leur a valu leur nom de cotonnière. En anglais, elles sont appelées « wool carder bee », ce qui signifie « abeille cardeuse de laine ».

Alimentation

Elles consomment le nectar et le pollen des fleurs de différentes familles. Elles sont donc considérées comme des abeilles généralistes. Elles préfèrent les fleurs bleues qui ont une gorge longue.

Sous-espèces

  • Anthidium manicatum var. nigrithorax, Dalla Torre, 1877
  • Anthidium manicatum var. fasciatum, Schirmer, 1915
  • Anthidium manicatum var. nasicolle, Friese, 1917
  • Anthidium manicatum var. luteum homonym, Gribodo, 1925
  • Anthidium manicatum var. subcrenulata, Alfken, 1930
  • Anthidium manicatum var. cyrenaica homonym, van der Zanden, 1992
  • Anthidium manicatum var. gribodoi, Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2003
  • Anthidium manicatum var. barbarum, Lepeletier, 1841
 src=
Anthidium manicatum endormie sur une fleur
 src=
Femelle

Notes et références

  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. Michael Chinery, Insectes de France et d'Europe occidentale, Paris, Flammarion, août 2012, 320 p. (ISBN 978-2-08-128823-2), p. 246-247
  2. a et b Stéphanie Boucher, Les insectes de nos jardins, Broquet Inc., 2006, 208 p. (ISBN 978-2-89000-742-0, présentation en ligne, lire en ligne), « Hymenoptera », p. 187
  3. Wool Carder Bees – Anthidium manicatum – UK Safari
  4. Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758), Discover Life
  5. a et b (en) Terry Griswold, Lindsay Nemelka, Victor H. Gonzalez et Jonathan B. Koch, « Global invasion by Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): assessing potential distribution in North America and beyond », Biological Invasions, vol. 13, no 9,‎ septembre 2011, p. 2115–2133 (ISSN , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  6. (en-US) « Wool Carder Bee - Anthidium manicatum », sur North American Insects & Spiders (consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  7. (en) R.L. Rosetta, Extension Nursery Integrated Pest Management, Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, « European wool carder bee », sur oregonstate.edu, 21 juin 2017 (consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  8. (en) Kelsey K Graham, « Habitat suitability analysis for an invasive bee,Anthidium manicatum » [PDF], sur https://sites.tufts.edu, 5 novembre 2016 (consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  9. (en) Felipe Vivallo, Mauro Ríos et Jose Miguel Montalva, « First record of the invasive bee Anthidium manicatum (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Chile », Journal of Melittology, no 56,‎ 30 novembre 2015, p. 1–5 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  10. Laura Russo, « Positive and Negative Impacts of Non-Native Bee Species around the World », Insects, vol. 7, no 4,‎ 28 novembre 2016 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  11. (en) J Soper et JR Beggs, « Assessing the impact of an introduced bee, Anthidium manicatum, on pollinator communities in New Zealand », New Zealand Journal of Botany, no 51:3,‎ 2013, p. 213-228 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne [PDF])
  12. (en) Kelsey Graham, « How an invasive bee (Anthidium manicatum) is changing bumble bee foraging patterns » [PDF], sur bostonbeekeepers.org, 2015 (consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  13. (en) Kelsey K. Graham, Katherine Eaton, Isabel Obrien et Philip T. Starks, « Anthidium manicatum, an invasive bee, excludes a native bumble bee, Bombus impatiens, from floral resources », Biological Invasions,‎ 8 décembre 2018 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  14. (en-US) « Under Attack: European Wool Carder Bee Vs. Male Valley Carpenter Bee », sur ANR Blogs (consulté le 22 mars 2019)
  15. (en) Peter Wirtz, Michael Szabados, Horst Pethig et John Plant, « An Extreme Case of Interspecific Territoriality: Male Anthidium manicatum (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) Wound and Kill Intruders », Ethology, vol. 78, no 2,‎ 1988, p. 159–167 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 mars 2019)

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Anthidium manicatum: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR
 src= Mâle - Muséum de Toulouse.

Anthidium manicatum est une espèce d'hyménoptères de la famille des Megachilidae.

Comme d'autres espèces de son genre, on l'appelle abeille cotonnière à cause de son comportement : gratter les poils des feuilles comme celles de la Molène Bouillon-blanc ou de l'Épiaire laineuse qu'elle met en boule et qu'elle transporte sous son corps pour en revêtir son nid. Hors d'Europe, elle est considérée comme espèce invasive.

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Grote wolbij ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De grote wolbij (Anthidium manicatum) is een bijensoort uit de familie Megachilidae.

Algemeen

Deze solitaire bijensoort heeft een voorkeur voor vlinderbloemigen, lipbloemigen en helmkruidachtigen[1] en vliegt van mei tot september. Het is een vrij algemene soort in Nederland, die in allerlei bestaande holten nestelt. De grote wolbij is verspreid over het Palearctisch, Nearctisch en Neotropisch gebied te vinden.[2] De vrouwtjes bekleden het nest met haren van planten zoals ezelsoor, slangenkruid of klit waaraan de naam wolbij te danken is. Deze soort wordt ongeveer 14 tot 18 millimeter lang. Het achterlijf heeft een overwegend zwarte kleur met smalle, gele banden die echter op het midden van de rug onderbroken zijn. Hoe dichter de streep bij de kop zit, hoe groter deze onderbreking is. De grote wolbij heeft eenzelfde vlucht als sommige zweefvliegen, het is een goede vlieger die snel en behendig is, maar aan de typische bij-achtige vleugels, en vooral de ogen is te zien dat het niet om een vlieg gaat. De ogen zijn smal, en hebben een metaalachtige glans. Mannetjes worden iets groter dan vrouwtjes, zijn duidelijk hariger en hebben een meer afstekende tekening.

Voortplanting

 src=
De vork-achtige achterzijde van het mannetje.

De mannelijke grote wolbij speurt bloemhoofden binnen een bepaald territorium af op zoek naar een vrouwtje om mee te paren. Andere insecten die hij tegenkomt worden verjaagd. Hij is niet bang uitgevallen en valt alles aan wat op de bloem zit, ook al zijn deze insecten groter dan hemzelf. Met drie vork-achtige punten aan het achterlijf steekt de wolbij in op verstoorders of werkt ze naar de grond. Hierdoor krijgen andere insecten geen kans om het nectar te eten en blijft de nectar binnen het territorium in de bloem. Als er zich een vrouwtje aandient heeft deze genoeg te eten, waardoor het mannetje alle tijd heeft om te paren. Als het vrouwtje eitjes heeft gelegd, meestal in een oud verlaten nest van een andere bijensoort, wordt stuifmeel verzameld als voedsel voor de larven.

Externe links

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Peeters, T.M.J., H. Nieuwenhuijsen, J. Smit, F. van der Meer, I.P. Raemakers, W.R.B. Heitmans, C. van Achterberg, M. Kwak, A.J. Loonstra, J. de Rond, M. Roos & M. Reemer 2012. De Nederlandse bijen (Hymenoptera: Apidae s.l.). – Natuur van Nederland, Naturalis Biodiversity Center & European Invertebrate Survey - Nederland, Leiden.
  2. Taxonomische informatie over Anthidium manicatum bij Fauna Europaea.
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Grote wolbij: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De grote wolbij (Anthidium manicatum) is een bijensoort uit de familie Megachilidae.

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Anthidium manicatum ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Anthidium manicatum é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de abelhas pertencente à família Apidae.[1]

A autoridade científica da espécie é Linnaeus, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1758.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências

  1. «Anthidium manicatum». Sistema Global de Informação sobre Biodiversidade (em inglês). Consultado em 18 de agosto de 2019

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Anthidium manicatum: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Anthidium manicatum é uma espécie de insetos himenópteros, mais especificamente de abelhas pertencente à família Apidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Linnaeus, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1758.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

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Storullbi ( Swedish )

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Storullbi (Anthidium manicatum) är ett solitärt bi i familjen buksamlarbin. Arten kallas även större ullbi[3].

Utseende

Arten har en svart grundfärg med gula markeringar; mellankroppen har gula fläckar på sidorna, och varje tergit (bakkroppssegment) har två gula fläckar på sidorna (hos hanen kan antalet fläckar vara mer variabelt, upp till fyra). Färgteckningen ger arten ett visst getingliknande utseende, men kroppsformen är för robust för att någon egentlig förväxlingsrisk ska föreligga. Ovanligt bland de flesta buksamlarbin är att hanen kan bli större än honan: 10 till 16 mm mot honans 10 till 13 mm.[4]

Ekologi

Storullbiet förekommer i habitat som parker, trädgårdar, skogsbryn och gles lövskog, sluttningar, sand- och lertag, sanddyner med flera landskapstyper.[4][5] Flygtiden varar från maj till mitten av september, honorna in i oktober. I varmare klimat förekommer det att arten har två generationer per år. Arten är inte specialiserad på några bestämda blommor, men besöker bland andra kransblommiga växter, ärtväxter och lejongapsväxter.[4]

Fortplantning

Hanen hävdar revir kring blommor som honorna flyger till. Han kör bort andra insekter, och kan även döda inkräktare. Honorna släpps emellertid igenom, och parningen sker på blommorna. Honorna inrättar larvbona i existerande håligheter som insektsgångar i murket trä, ihåliga växtstjälkar, sprickor i murfogar, hålrum i marken och andra ihåliga objekt. Larvcellerna kläs med växthår som honan hämtar från växter som lammöron, röllika, kungsljus, näveväxter, taklökar och ulltistel. Hon använder sina taggiga käkar för att karda av håren från växterna. Cellerna förslutes med en propp av samma hår.[5] Cellerna fylls sedan med en flytande blandning av nektar och pollen, som tjänar till föda åt larverna, en i varje cell.[6] Larven övervintrar som passiv vilolarv, för att sedan förpuppa sig.[4]

Utbredning

Arten finns i hela Europa upp till 64° N.[4] Under sent 1960-tal har den oavsiktligt införts till Nordamerika, där den spridit sig och även populerat delar av Sydamerika. Arten har även införts till Nya Zeeland och Kanarieöarna[7]. Den är reproducerande i Sverige och klassificerad som livskraftig.[3]

Referenser

  1. ^ Anthidium manicatum Linnaeus, 1758” (på engelska). Discover Life. http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Anthidium+manicatum. Läst 1 juli 2013.
  2. ^ Anthidium manicatum Linnaeus, 1758” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=699663. Läst 1 juli 2013.
  3. ^ [a b] Oskar Kindvall (18 maj 2004). Anthidium manicatum - storullbi”. Artdatabanken. https://www.dyntaxa.se/Taxon/Info/103200?changeRoot=True. Läst 1 juli 2013.
  4. ^ [a b c d e] ”Wollbienen: Anthidium manicatum (på tyska). Wildbienen. http://www.wildbienen.de/eb-amani.htm. Läst 24 juli 2013.
  5. ^ [a b] Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus,1758) Läst 2013-07-01 Bees, Wasps & Ants Recording Society
  6. ^ Christopher O'Toole & Anthony Raw (1991). Bees of the World. London: Blandford. sid. 92. ISBN 0-7137-2085-9
  7. ^ ”Global invasion by Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae): assessing potential distribution in North America and beyond” (på engelska). Agricultural Research Service. http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=257905. Läst 1 juli 2013.
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Storullbi: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Storullbi (Anthidium manicatum) är ett solitärt bi i familjen buksamlarbin. Arten kallas även större ullbi.

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Anthidium manicatum ( Vietnamese )

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Anthidium manicatum là một loài ong trong họ Megachilidae. Loài này được Linnaeus miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1758.[1]

Chú thích

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết tông ong Anthidiini này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Anthidium manicatum: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Anthidium manicatum là một loài ong trong họ Megachilidae. Loài này được Linnaeus miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1758.

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Anthidium manicatum ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Надкласс: Шестиногие
Класс: Насекомые
Надотряд: Hymenopterida
Надсемейство: Apoidea
Семейство: Мегахилиды
Подсемейство: Megachilinae
Триба: Anthidiini
Род: Anthidium
Подрод: Anthidium
Вид: Anthidium manicatum
Международное научное название

Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758)

Синонимы
  • Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758[1][2]
  • Megachile manicata Latreille, 1802[2]
  • Anthidium manicatum Fabricius, 1804[2]
  • Anthophora manicata Illiger, 1806[2]
  • Anthidium manicatum Jurine, 1807[2]
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ITIS 699663NCBI 473950EOL 1045708

Пчела-шерстобит (лат. Anthidium manicatum) — вид перепончатокрылых насекомых из семейства мегахилид (Megachilidae).

Распространение

Распространён в Европе[3][4], Азии и Северной Африке[5]. Был интродуцирован из Европы в Северную Америку, поскольку является эффективным опылителем некоторых культур, в частности посевной люцерны (Medicago sativa)[4]. В Северной Америке особи данного вида впервые были отмечены в штате Нью-Йорк (США) в 1963 году[6][7] и провинции Онтарио (Канада). Затем они распространились западнее до юга штата Мичиган[8]. Также были отмечены в Южной АмерикеПеру и юго-восточной Бразилии[9], и Новой Зеландии[2].

Описание

Длина тела самки 7,7—10,2 мм, ширина — 3,8—4,8 мм; длина переднего крыла 5,7—6,6 мм. Длина тела самцов 10,8—15,9 мм, ширина — 4—5,4 мм; длина переднего крыла 5,7—8,7 мм[2].

Экология и местообитания

Пчёлы посещают цветки различных семейств, в том числе акантовых, амарантовых, астровых, бурачниковых, толстянковых, бобовых, яснотковых, дербенниковых, мальвовых, подорожниковых и вербеновых. Они предпочитают синие и махровые цветки[3][9][10].

Размножение и развитие

Самцы являются агрессивными территориальными насекомыми, прогоняющие не только самцов своего вида, но и даже пчёл других видов[3][11][12]. Самки немного меньше и имеют более тусклые тона в окраске, чем самцы[2][10].

Галерея

  • Anthidium manicatum 3503.jpg
  • Sleeping Anthidium manicatum 8803.jpg
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    Самка

  • Detail of a male of Anthidium manicatum 8857.jpg
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    Музейный экземпляр

Примечания

  1. David Brewster. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia; Gentelment Eminent in Science and Literature: in Eighteen Volumes.. — 1830. — Т. IX. — С. 157. — 766 с.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Donovan B. J. Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) / Series editor: Dr T. K. Crosby. — Fauna of New Zealand. Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa. — Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press / Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd, 2007. — Т. 57. — 295 с. — ISBN 978-0-478-09389-6.
  3. 1 2 3 Species Anthidium manicatum - Wool Carder Bee (англ.). BugGuide.net. Проверено 15 июля 2011. Архивировано 18 апреля 2012 года.
  4. 1 2 Wool Carder Bee / Leafcutting Bee - Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (англ.). Red Planet Inc. / North American Insects and Spiders / Tree Encyclopedia (cirrusimage.com). Проверено 15 июля 2011. Архивировано 18 апреля 2012 года.
  5. Pechuman L. L. Observations on the Behavior of the Bee Anthidium manicatum (L.) (англ.) // Journal of the New York Entomological Society. — New York, United States of America: New York Entomological Society, 1967. — Vol. 75, no. 2. — P. 68-73.
  6. Tonietto K. Rebecca & Ascher John S. Occurrence of the Old World Bees Species Hylaeus hyalinatus, Anthidium manicatum, A. oblongatum, and Megachile Sculpturalis, and the Native Species Coelioxys banksi, Lasioglossum michiganense, and L. zophops in Illinois (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae) (англ.) // The Great Lakes Entomologist. — 2008. — Vol. 41, no. 1—2. — P. 200—2003.
  7. Jaycox R. Elbert. An adventive Anthidium in New York state (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) (англ.) // JSTOR / Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. — 1967. — Vol. 40, no. 1. — P. 124-126.
  8. Miller R. Shane, Robert Gaebel, Randall J. Mitchell & Mike Arduser. Occurrence of Two Species of Old World Bees, Anthidium manicatum and A. Oblongatum (Apoidea: Megachilidae), in Northern Ohio and Southern Michigan (англ.) // The Great Lakes Entomologist. — 2002. — P. 65—69.
  9. 1 2 Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (англ.)
  10. 1 2 Some solitary bees found in British gardens (недоступная ссылка) (англ.)
  11. Pablo Vargas, Concepción Ornosa, Francisco Javier Ortiz-Sánchez & Juan Arroyo. Is the occluded corolla of Antirrhinum bee-specialized? (англ.) // Journal of Natural History. — Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. — Vol. 44, no. 23–24. — P. 1427–1443. — ISSN 0022-2933. DOI:10.1080/00222930903383552
  12. Schultz Jaime K. & Switzer Paul V. Pursuit of Heterospecific Targets by Territorial Amberwing Dragonflies (Perithemis tenera Say): A Case of Mistaken Identity (англ.) // Journal of Insect Behavior. — 2001. — Vol. 14, no. 5. — P. 607—620.
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Anthidium manicatum: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Пчела-шерстобит (лат. Anthidium manicatum) — вид перепончатокрылых насекомых из семейства мегахилид (Megachilidae).

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Авторы и редакторы Википедии