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Description

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This salamander measures from 39.1-53.3mm SVL in adult males and 44.5-53.0mm SVL in adult females. Bradytriton silus has a robust, cylindrical body with a short, stocky tail (mean SL/tail length of 1.4). The head is broad and rounded, with a short, broad snout, and there is no clearly defined neck. Nostrils are small. The adetoglossal tongue has a distinct small pad. Eyes are moderately sized and in dorsal view protrude slightly beyond the jaw margin. Adult males have 3-8 premaxillary teeth, while females have 6-10. The row of maxillary teeth extends to a point nearly posterior to the eye. A single, curved row of vomerine teeth is present. Posterior vomerine teeth are present in two bilateral patches. A well developed gular fold and large sublingual fold are also present. Limbs are short and thin, with small syndactylous hands and feet that lack subdigital pads. Digits are mostly cartilaginous, including most of the terminal phalanges, with only the proximal phalanx of the longest finger and toe consistently well-ossified. Distinct post-iliac glands are present. The short tail has a marked basal constriction. The tail is also strongly tapered and laterally compressed, with a prominent dorsal glandular ridge running along its length. Females have shorter snouts and poorly developed labial protuberances, while males have prominent, wide labial protuberances and large, hooked premaxillary teeth extending through or under the lip. Males also have mental glands but they are not visible externally. The dorsal coloration is reddish brown, extending halfway down the lateral surfaces. The head is nearly black, having black cheeks flecked with white. The lower flanks and the sides of the tail are also black with white speckling. Legs are brown proximally, shading into black with white flecks distally. The feet are black with white speckling. Eyes are chestnut brown.This species is the sole member of its genus. The generic name Bradytriton refers to the slow and lethargic movement of this salamander. The specific name silus is Latin for pug-nosed, referring to the short, broad, wide snout.

References

  • IUCN (2008). 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 7 February 2009.
  • Wake, D. B., and Elias, P. (1983). ''New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae).'' Contributions of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 345, 1-19.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Endemic to extreme northwestern Guatemala, on the eastern slopes of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes. The type locality is near Chiblac, at 1,310m asl, with a second locality recently discovered at Finca Ixcansán at 1,640 m asl, about 50km NW of the original locality. This species inhabits humid cloud forest receiving 5 to 6 meters of annual rainfall.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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The habitat at the type locality (Chiblac) is under severe pressure from increasing human use (IUCN 2008). The habitat at the second locality (near Finca Ixcansán) is relatively undisturbed but there has been selective logging of hardwood trees. Areas surrounding the second locality have been nearly completely logged in the past, and are now a combination of grassland, cow pasture, cornfields, and secondary forest (Papenfuss pers. comm.).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Bradytriton silus is a focus species for Conservation International, which has chosen ten critically endangered Guatemalan amphibians for special research efforts. This species was rediscovered by a joint University of California at Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala expedition, in January 2009, 33 years after last being collected in 1976. Eight specimens were collected in January 2009. Six were found under or inside logs, one was walking in the forest at night, and one was collected from a pitfall trap (Papenfuss pers. comm.). This species presumably has direct development.
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Bradytriton silus ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Bradytriton silus és una espècie de salamandra en la família Plethodontidae. És monotípica del gènere Bradytriton. És endèmica de Guatemala.

El seu hàbitat natural són els montans humits tropicals o sub-tropicals. Està amenaçada d'extinció a causa de la destrucció del seu hàbitat.

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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Bradytriton silus és una espècie de salamandra en la família Plethodontidae. És monotípica del gènere Bradytriton. És endèmica de Guatemala.

El seu hàbitat natural són els montans humits tropicals o sub-tropicals. Està amenaçada d'extinció a causa de la destrucció del seu hàbitat.

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Bradytriton

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Bradytriton is a monotypic genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae.[1][3] it is represented by the species Bradytriton silus, commonly known as the Finca Chiblac salamander,[4] and has been considered the sister taxon of the genus Oedipina.[5] It is found in north-western Guatemala and in Chiapas, south-eastern Mexico.[3]

Description

Adult males measure 39–53 mm (1.5–2.1 in) and adult females 49–53 mm (1.9–2.1 in) in snout–vent length. The body is stocky. The head is relatively broad and essentially continuous with the body. The tail is short and laterally compressed, appearing stout when viewed from the side. The limbs are short and slender with diminutive digits that are, apart from their tips, fused together. Dorsal coloration is reddish brown. The head is mostly black and there are black flecks on the anterior part of the body. The cheeks, sides of the tail, and lower flanks are black with dense white flecks.[2]

Habitat and conservation

In north-western Guatemala, Bradytriton silus is known from both disturbed and undisturbed wet forest at an elevation of about 1,310 m (4,300 ft) above sea level. Specimens were found under pieces of wood and logs. Development is presumably direct (i.e., no free-living larval stage) and not dependent on water.[1]

The area of the type locality is subject to severe habitat loss caused by the settlement of refugees and expanding agriculture; the species has not been recorded there after 1976, despite later searches.[1] However, another population was reported from Chiapas, Mexico in 2015.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Bradytriton silus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T59220A54376751. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T59220A54376751.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Wake, David B. & Elias, Paul (1983). "New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae)". Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 345: 1–19.
  3. ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Bradytriton silus Wake and Elias, 1983". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  4. ^ "Plethodontidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  5. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Bradytriton Wake and Elias, 1983". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
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Bradytriton: Brief Summary

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Bradytriton is a monotypic genus of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. it is represented by the species Bradytriton silus, commonly known as the Finca Chiblac salamander, and has been considered the sister taxon of the genus Oedipina. It is found in north-western Guatemala and in Chiapas, south-eastern Mexico.

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Bradytriton silus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Bradytriton silus es una especie de salamandra de la familia Plethodontidae. Es monotípica del género Bradytriton. Es endémica del extremo noroeste de Guatemala, en las laderas de la Sierra de los Cuchumatanes y la zona adyacente de Chiapas.[2]

Su hábitat natural son los montanos húmedos tropicales o subtropicales. Está amenazada de extinción debido a la destrucción de su hábitat.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b Acevedo, M., Wake, D., Elias, P., Rovito, S., Vasquez, C. & Papenfuss, T. (2008). «Bradytriton silus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 22 de septiembre de 2015.
  2. Frost, D.R. «Bradytriton silus ». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 22 de septiembre de 2015.

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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Bradytriton silus es una especie de salamandra de la familia Plethodontidae. Es monotípica del género Bradytriton. Es endémica del extremo noroeste de Guatemala, en las laderas de la Sierra de los Cuchumatanes y la zona adyacente de Chiapas.​

Su hábitat natural son los montanos húmedos tropicales o subtropicales. Está amenazada de extinción debido a la destrucción de su hábitat.​

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Bradytriton silus ( Basque )

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Bradytriton silus Bradytriton generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Bradytriton silus Bradytriton generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Bradytriton silus ( French )

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Bradytriton silus, unique représentant du genre Bradytriton, est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :

Description

La femelle holotype mesure 85,1 mm de longueur totale dont 48,5 mm de longueur standard et 36,6 mm pour la queue. Les mâles mesurent de 39,1 à 53,3 mm de longueur standard et les femelles de 44,5 à 53,0 mm[2].

Étymologie

Le nom du genre Bradytriton est formé à partir des termes grecs bradys qui signifie « mouvements lents et léthargiques » et triton terme générique pour tritons et salamandres, faisant référence aux mœurs de cette espèce[2]. Le nom spécifique silus vient du latin silus, plat et écrasé, en référence au "nez écrasé" caractéristique de cette espèce[2].

Publication originale

  • Wake & Elias, 1983 : New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, no 345, p. 1-19 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. a b et c Wake & Elias, 1983 : New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, no 345, p. 1-19 (texte intégral).
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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Bradytriton silus, unique représentant du genre Bradytriton, est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae.

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Bradytriton silus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Bradytriton silus is een salamander uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). Het is de enige soort uit het geslacht Bradytriton. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door David Burton Wake en Paul Elias in 1983.[2]

Uiterlijke kenmerken

Het lichaam is gedrongen, de zijdelings afgeplatte staart is duidelijk korter dan het lichaam. De poten en snuit zijn relatief kort, evenals de vingers en tenen. De kleur is donkerbruin met zwarte, onregelmatige vlekken, de flanken zijn zwart. De salamander bereikt een kopromplengte tot 5,3 centimeter, de mannetjes blijven kleiner dan vrouwtjes.[3]

Verspreiding en habitat

De salamander is endemisch in Guatemala, en is alleen bekend van één locatie in de Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in het noordwesten van het land. De habitat bestaat uit berghellingen van zeer vochtige nevelbossen met een extreem hoge regenval. Over de biologie en levenswijze is weinig bekend.

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. (en) Bradytriton silus op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Bradytriton silus.
  3. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Bradytriton silus.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Bradytriton silus - Website Geconsulteerd 5 maart 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Bradytriton silus - Website
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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Bradytriton silus is een salamander uit de familie longloze salamanders (Plethodontidae). Het is de enige soort uit het geslacht Bradytriton. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door David Burton Wake en Paul Elias in 1983.

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Bradytriton silus ( Portuguese )

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Bradytriton silus é uma espécie de salamandra da família Plethodontidae. É a única espécie do género Bradytriton.

É endémica da Guatemala.

Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude.[1]

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.[1]

Referências

  1. a b c Acevedo, M. & Wake, D. (2004). Bradytriton silus (em inglês). IUCN 2006. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2006 . Página visitada em 23 de Julho de 2007.
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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Bradytriton silus é uma espécie de salamandra da família Plethodontidae. É a única espécie do género Bradytriton.

É endémica da Guatemala.

Os seus habitats naturais são: regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude.

Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.

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Bradytriton silus ( Swedish )

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Bradytriton silus[2][3] är en groddjursart som beskrevs av David Burton Wake och Elias 1983. Bradytriton silus är ensam i släktet Bradytriton som ingår i familjen lunglösa salamandrar.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[4]

Denna salamander upptäcktes i en liten bergstrakt i nordvästra Guatemala vid 1310 meter över havet. Den hittades även längre norrut fram till södra Mexiko.[2] Arten lever på marken i fuktiga skogar.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2004 Bradytriton silus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ [a b] Frost, Darrel R. (2016) , database. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference v6.0 Bradytriton silus
  3. ^ (2004) , database, Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (23 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/bradytriton+silus/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar

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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Bradytriton silus är en groddjursart som beskrevs av David Burton Wake och Elias 1983. Bradytriton silus är ensam i släktet Bradytriton som ingår i familjen lunglösa salamandrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad. Inga underarter finns listade.

Denna salamander upptäcktes i en liten bergstrakt i nordvästra Guatemala vid 1310 meter över havet. Den hittades även längre norrut fram till södra Mexiko. Arten lever på marken i fuktiga skogar.

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Bradytriton silus ( Vietnamese )

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Bradytriton silus là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae.[2][3][4][5] Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Guatemala và là đại diện duy nhất của chi Bradytriton.

Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Loài này đang bị xếp vào phân loại bị đe dọa hoặc tuyệt chủng do mất môi trường sống.[6]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Bradytriton silus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2012.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. 2004. Truy cập 24/10/2012. Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |accessdate= (trợ giúp)
  2. ^ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (2011). “Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 9 năm 2012.
  3. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2009), database. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference v5.3
  4. ^ (2004), database, Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ “Danh sách lưỡng cư trong sách Đỏ”. IUCN. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 7 năm 2012.

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Bradytriton silus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Bradytriton silus là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của Guatemala và là đại diện duy nhất của chi Bradytriton.

Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới. Loài này đang bị xếp vào phân loại bị đe dọa hoặc tuyệt chủng do mất môi trường sống.

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