Long, tapered, pinkish orange column; top part with a greenish brown, smelly slime coating; white cup around the base. Grows on leafy debris, mulch piles, and rotting wood. July–September. Fruiting body cylindrical, hollow column, straight or curving, pinkish orange, tapering toward the top; top covered with a slimy, greenish brown, unpleasant-smelling spore mass, with a small opening at the tip; base enclosed in a white, saclike cup that is attached to the ground by a white, cordlike tissue. Spores greenish brown. Spores magnified are elliptical, smooth. Fruiting body width: ½–1 inches; height: 4–7 inches.
Grows in leafy debris, mulch piles, rotting wood; also in woods and fields. Commonly grows in landscaping mulch. The elegant stinkhorn can emerge from its "egg" and grow to full size (and stinkiness) in just a few hours.
This species spends most of its life as a network of fungal cells (mycelium) that penetrates the soil or rotting mulch, digesting and decaying organic materials. When ready to reproduce, the mycelium develops the “stinkhorn” aboveground. The top of the stalk is covered with a foul, greenish slime that attracts flies. The slime contains the spores, and the flies distribute the spores wherever they go. The spores can grow into new mycelia elsewhere
This is one of the many fungus species that live on decaying organic materials. It and other such saprobic fungi play an incredibly important role in breaking down the tough materials living things are made of and returning those nutrients to the soil.
Considered a good edible mushroom—with caution. The immature stage of this stinkhorn is a white, rubbery “egg” or “button.” In that stage, it doesn’t have a foul odor and is reported to be edible and quite good. You can sometimes find them available canned at Asian groceries. It does make for an unusual menu: "Let's have stinkhorn eggs for dinner!" However, if you want to try eating stinkhorn eggs, have an expert identify them, since the deadly amanitas also have an immature “egg” stage.
This is a weird-looking mushroom, and once you see it, you’ll always remember it. The dog stinkhorn (Mutinus caninus) is very similar. Recent research indicates that they may be the same species.
Die Vornehme Hundsrute (Mutinus elegans) ist eine Pilzart aus der Gattung der Hundsruten (Mutinus).
Die Fruchtkörper der Vornehmen Hundsrute sind zunächst unterirdisch wachsende, 2–4 cm hohe und 2 cm breite Hexeneier mit blassbräunlicher Außenseite und kräftigem, verzweigten Mycelstrang. Das aus dem Hexenei hervorbrechende Receptaculum wird bis zu 15 cm lang, es ist an der Basis 1–2 cm dick und läuft nach oben spitz zu. Es ist hohl und porös gekammert und fast überall rot gefärbt. Es ist oft gekrümmt oder am Boden liegend. Die olivgrüne, schleimige Gleba bedeckt den oberen Teil des Receptaculums unregelmäßig. Die Vornehme Hundsrute riecht im Gegensatz zur Gemeinen Hundsrute stark nach Aas.
Die eingeschleppte Vornehme Hundsrute kommt in Mitteleuropa als Neomycet vor, jedoch nur an anthropogen beeinflussten Standorten. Als saprobiontischer Bodenbewohner wird sie in Gartenrasen, in Parks und an Wegeinfassungen gefunden.
Die Vornehme Hundsrute ist eine in Nordamerika heimische Art, die in Mitteleuropa meist nur unbeständig in Spanien, Italien, Frankreich, der Schweiz und Deutschland gefunden wurde. Außerhalb Europas kommt sie auch in Japan vor.
Die Vornehme Hundsrute kommt als Speisepilz nicht in Frage.
Die Vornehme Hundsrute (Mutinus elegans) ist eine Pilzart aus der Gattung der Hundsruten (Mutinus).
Mutinus elegans, commonly known as the elegant stinkhorn,[2] the dog stinkhorn, the headless stinkhorn, or the devil's dipstick, is a species of fungus in the Phallaceae (stinkhorn) family. A saprobic species, it is typically found growing on the ground singly or in small groups on woody debris or leaf litter, during summer and autumn in Japan, Europe, and eastern North America. The fruit body begins its development in an "egg" form, resembling somewhat a puffball partially submerged in the ground. As the fungus matures, a slender orange to pink colored stalk emerges that tapers evenly to a pointed tip. The stalk is covered with a foul-smelling slimy green spore mass on the upper third of its length. Flies and other insects feed upon the slime which contains the spores, assisting in their dispersal. Due to their repellent odor, mature specimens are not generally considered edible, although there are reports of the immature "eggs" being consumed. In the laboratory, Mutinus elegans has been shown to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms that can be pathogenic to humans.
Mutinus elegans was first described by British missionary John Banister in 1679 who chronicled the natural history of Virginia; this early report is thought to be the first account of a fungus in North America.[3] It was first characterized scientifically by French scientist Jean Pierre François Camille Montagne in 1856, who called it Corynites elegans.[4] The genus name Mutinus refers to the Roman phallic deity Mutunus Tutunus, one of the di indigetes placated by Roman brides.[5] The species is commonly known variously as the "elegant stinkhorn",[6] the "headless stinkhorn",[7] the "dog stinkhorn",[8] or the "devil's dipstick".[5] The specific epithet elegans is derived from the Latin word meaning "graceful" or "elegant".[9]
The young fruiting bodies are initially white and spherical or egg-shaped, partially submerged in the ground, with dimensions of 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) by 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in). As the fruit body matures, the egg ruptures and the spongy spore-bearing stalk emerges; fully grown, it may be from 1 to 15 cm (0.4 to 5.9 in) long and 1.5 to 2 cm (0.6 to 0.8 in) thick.[10] The stalk is hollow and strongly wrinkled overall; its shape is cylindrical below, but it gradually tapers to a narrow apex with a small opening at the tip. The upper half of the stalk is bright red to reddish orange, and the color gradually loses intensity transforming into pinkish white below. The stalk may be straight, or slightly curved.[11] A gelatinous greenish-brown gleba covers the upper third of the stalk in newly emerged specimens.[7] The remains of the "egg" forms a volva around the base of the stalk.[10] The odor of the gleba is foul; one author describes it as "sickly sweet or metallic".[12] The spores are a greenish-brown color.[7] Fruit bodies are attached to the substrate by whitish rhizomorphs that resemble plant roots.[9] American mycologist Smith noted that the eggs are often slow to open, sometimes taking up to two weeks before the stalk expands.[10]
The spores are 4–7 by 2–3 µm, oblong-elliptical, smooth, and embedded in the gleba.[9] A 1982 study revealed that spores of species in the family Phallaceae, including Mutinus elegans, have a hilar scar (0.2–0.3 µm diameter) that is observable with scanning electron microscopy. The hilar scar is a circular indentation at one end of the spore, and it most likely results during the separation of the attachment of the spore to the sterigma of the basidium.[13]
The immature egg-forms of Mutinus elegans are edible,[5] but "not recommended".[6] One field guides notes that the eggs of the stinkhorn fungi "taste like the seasonings that are added to them."[14] The fetid odor of mature specimens would probably be repellent to most, although they are not considered poisonous.[15]
The "dog stinkhorn" (Mutinus caninus) is smaller, has a distinct oval or spindle-shaped tip on a slender stem and lacks the bright coloring of M. elegans; it has less of the stalk covered by gleba.[15] The portion of the stalk below the spore mass is pitted in M. caninus, compared to "pebbly" in M. elegans.[15] M. caninus is also less common than M. elegans.[5] Mutinus bambusinus is similar in size and shape, except it does not have a distinct color demarcation between the upper and lower parts of the stalk; instead, the entire stem shows red pigments. The stalk of M. ravenelii is less tapered than M. elegans, and it has a clearly differentiated swollen head.
Mutinus elegans is saprobic—deriving nutrients by breaking down dead or dying organic matter. It is commonly found in gardens and farm areas enriched with manure,[7] near well-decayed stumps and logs, and in wood chips.[9] A Japanese publication mentioned its occurrence in Takatsuki and Osaka-fu, where it fruited in November and December on the ground along paths or in open spaces, under or near bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) and hardwoods such as the Sawtooth Oak, the Japanese Zelkova, and the Camphor tree.[16]
This common species has been collected in eastern North America,[5] in the area extending from Quebec to Florida and west to the Great Lakes,[12] Iowa,[17] Colorado, and Texas.[18] In Europe, it has been reported from Netherlands[19] and in Asia, it has been collected in Japan.[16]
A study of 32 basidiomycete mushrooms showed that Mutinus elegans was the only species to show antibiotic (both antibacterial and antifungal) activity against all six microorganisms tested, namely, the human pathogenic bacteris Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and the yeast Candida albicans.[20][21]
Mutinus elegans, commonly known as the elegant stinkhorn, the dog stinkhorn, the headless stinkhorn, or the devil's dipstick, is a species of fungus in the Phallaceae (stinkhorn) family. A saprobic species, it is typically found growing on the ground singly or in small groups on woody debris or leaf litter, during summer and autumn in Japan, Europe, and eastern North America. The fruit body begins its development in an "egg" form, resembling somewhat a puffball partially submerged in the ground. As the fungus matures, a slender orange to pink colored stalk emerges that tapers evenly to a pointed tip. The stalk is covered with a foul-smelling slimy green spore mass on the upper third of its length. Flies and other insects feed upon the slime which contains the spores, assisting in their dispersal. Due to their repellent odor, mature specimens are not generally considered edible, although there are reports of the immature "eggs" being consumed. In the laboratory, Mutinus elegans has been shown to inhibit the growth of several microorganisms that can be pathogenic to humans.
Mutinus elegans
Mutinus elegans, en français Satyre élégant ou Phalle élégant, est un champignon appartenant à la famille des Phallaceae.
Sous le basionyme de Corynites elegans, il est décrit pour la première fois par le mycologue explorateur français Camille Montagne en 1850 (herbier inédit), publié en 1856 dans son ouvrage Sylloge Cryptogamarum[1]. L'espèce est ensuite recombinée dans le genre Mutinus par Eduard Fischer dans l'ouvrage de Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum en 1888[2].
Les noms de genre Mutinus et Ityphallus sont tirés du nom latin de la divinité romaine Mutinus, correspondant à Priape dans la mythologie Grecque, caractérisée par un phallus (pénis symbolique) en érection constante[3]. On appelle Ithyphalle une amulette phallique, portée autour du cou chez les Romains, à fonction apotropaïque, contre le mauvais œil. De même que les phallus, parfois ailés ou munis de clochettes (tintinnabulum), que les Romains suspendaient à l'entrée des maisons, dont on peut voir des exemples au Musée archéologique national de Naples.
Mutinus elegans, sur un plan littéraire, « rebelle, mutin », en raison de la force suggestive de son érection, qui attente à la pudeur[4], et elegans, sans doute en raison de ses belles couleurs .
Coupe d'un œuf de 2,5 x 2,5 cm, blanc sordescent, vite sali de gris brunâtre. Se perce naturellement au sommet après deux jours et laisse échapper un, puis deux ballons remplis de mucus translucide. Coupé en deux au cutter, le cuir mince de l'enveloppe externe offre quelque résistance tandis qu'en dessous, une matière visqueuse comme une huître fuit sous la lame, avant de rencontrer une matière plus solide, grenue comme un radis. Un liquide incolore et insipide comme de l'eau s'en échappe[8],[10].
La coupe (photo ci-contre) montre un cortex rouge rose au centre, plus ou moins cordiforme, presque en V, à parois épaisses de 2-3 mm, enveloppé dans une gélatine translucide, plus colorée opaque qu'un blanc d’œuf, beige à jaune brunâtre pâle (couleur de la gomme arabique, de résine de pin), de 3-6 mm d'épaisseur de part et d'autre de la tige centrale, presque nulle au sommet et à la base[10].
Le réceptacle est creusé en cavité de 2-4 mm sur chaque moitié. La volve est déjà formée par une couche basale blanc pur, isolant le canal de gelée amniotique, comme un nombril de 1,5 mm d'épaisseur, reliée à l'extérieur à deux cordons mycéliens[10].
Le réceptacle de l'adulte présente presque toujours un orifice sommital, foramen de 1-3 mm de diamètre. Le tube est un tissu formé d'alvéoles de 0,5-1 mm (mesurées à la face interne du tube) sur la partie fertile, de plus en plus larges vers la base[10].
Comme chez toutes les espèces de l'ordre des Phallales, le stipe porte à son sommet une gleba mucilagineuse et fétide. Il se différencie du banal satyre du chien (Mutinus caninus) par sa taille plus robuste, appointie au sommet, sa partie fertile colorée de rouge écarlate et peu différenciée du réceptacle (on n'ose pas dire pied, vu l'absence de chapeau ). ce dernier n'ayant pas d'alvéoles sur la face externe, est simplement ponctué de pores [7],[10].
Les espèces du genre Mutinus d'Europe et d'Eurasie sont souvent confondues faute de clé d'identification. Les États-Unis et l'Asie de l'Est confondent également souvent M. caninus et M. ravenelii (Fleger et Hooper 1980). Certains mycologues ont même douté de l'existence de M. ravenelii, la considérant parfois comme une simple variété d'un rouge plus intense (Calonge 1990 :46). La littérature européenne de la fin du XXe siècle a souvent manqué d'illustrations valables et de matériel frais à la base de descriptions (Høiland 1977 : 158 fig.1) par exemple, et aux États-Unis, où dans Mushrooms from North America, (Phillips 1991[11]), M. ravenelii est considéré une forme à stipe rose de M. elegans[12].
À condition d'avoir en main des spécimens mûrs:
Une étude portant sur 32 champignons basidiomycètes a établi que Mutinus elegans était la seule espèce capable d'activité à la fois antibactérienne et antifongique contre six des micro-organismes testés, nommément les bactéries à effet pathologique chez l'homme : Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium et la levure Candida albicans[15],[16].
Mutinus elegans
Mutinus elegans, en français Satyre élégant ou Phalle élégant, est un champignon appartenant à la famille des Phallaceae.
A l'ha la testa drùa (àuta fin a 4 cm e larga fin a 2,5 cm) nen diferensià da la gamba (àuta fin a 16 cm e larga fin a 1,5 cm).
A chërs ant ij pòst ùmid a la prima.
A venta mai mangé un bolè trovà se un a l'é nen un bon conossidor dij bolè!
As peul nen mangesse.
Mutinus elegans (Montagne) Fischer
A l'ha la testa drùa (àuta fin a 4 cm e larga fin a 2,5 cm) nen diferensià da la gamba (àuta fin a 16 cm e larga fin a 1,5 cm).
AmbientA chërs ant ij pòst ùmid a la prima.
Comestibilità A venta mai mangé un bolè trovà se un a l'é nen un bon conossidor dij bolè!
As peul nen mangesse.
| fotkaraktär = bar | sporavtrycksfärg = }}
Mutinus elegans je grzib[1], co go nojprzōd ôpisoł Jean François Montagne, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu Eduard Fischer 1888. Mutinus elegans nŏleży do zorty Mutinus i familije Phallaceae.[2][3] Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.[2]
Wikispecies mo informacyje ô Mutinus elegans.
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| fotkaraktär = bar | sporavtrycksfärg = }}
Mutinus elegans je grzib, co go nojprzōd ôpisoł Jean François Montagne, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu Eduard Fischer 1888. Mutinus elegans nŏleży do zorty Mutinus i familije Phallaceae. Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.
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