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Murex ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Murex és un gènere de gastròpodes marins depredadors. Són carnívors i viuen en mars tropicals.

La paraula murex ja la va fer servir Aristòtil per a referir-se a aquest tipus de cargol, per tant és un dels noms científics més antics que encara es fa servir.

Distribució

Murex és un gènere Indo-Pacífic com demostrà Ponder & Vokes el 1988. Les espècies de l'oest de l'Atlàntic que abans es consideraven dins d'aquest gènere i ara s'ubiquen en el gènere Haustellum.

Hàbitat

La majoria d'espècies de Murex viuen en la zona entre marees entre roques i coralls

Descripció

El gènere inclou espècies molt vistoses, les closques són allargades amb espines o fronds. La superfície interior sovint és amb colors brillants.

Ús

Els antics fenicis en feien tints purpuris molt apreciats i valuosos, per a fer-los feien servir el moc de la glàndula hipobranquial dels murex de dues espècies Murex brandaris i Murex trunculus, que són els noms antics de les espècies que ara es coneixen com Haustellum brandaris i Hexaplex trunculus.

La porpra obtinguda d'aquests cargols es feia servir en els vestits de la reialesa o els cerimonials encara es fa servir per cerimonies del judaisme com la del tzitzit.[1]

Espècies

Referències literàries

Referències

  • Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes. 1988. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8. 160 pp.

Enllaços externs

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Murex: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

добавил wikipedia CA

Murex és un gènere de gastròpodes marins depredadors. Són carnívors i viuen en mars tropicals.

La paraula murex ja la va fer servir Aristòtil per a referir-se a aquest tipus de cargol, per tant és un dels noms científics més antics que encara es fa servir.

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Murex ( германски )

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 src=
Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Zum französischen Softwareunternehmen siehe Murex SAS.

Murex ist der Name einer Schneckengattung aus der Familie der Stachelschnecken, die im Indopazifik vertreten ist.

Merkmale

Die rechtsgewundenen Gehäuse der Murex-Arten sind breit kegelförmig und haben einen bauchigen Körperumgang. Der Siphonalkanal ist gerade und länger als Mündung und Gewinde. Die Außenlippe hat einen zahnartigen Vorsprung, während die Innenlippe glatt ist. Die Gehäuse einschließlich des Siphonalkanals sind entlang axial verlaufender Wülste (Varices) mit meist zahlreichen langen und dünnen Stacheln besetzt. Das Operculum ist hornig mit dem Nucleus am vorderen Rand.

Eine Besonderheit in der Anatomie der Männchen bei allen Murex-Arten – anders als etwa bei der früher zu dieser Gattung gestellten Herkuleskeule – ist, dass der Samenleiter an der Basis des Penis eine muskulöse Wand hat und so bei der Begattung zu besonders kräftigen Ejakulationen fähig ist.[1]

Die Weibchen legen Eikapseln ab, in denen die sich entwickelnden Embryonen durch Nähreier versorgt werden. Die Veliger-Larven machen eine Phase als Plankton durch, die in der Regel nur wenige Tage dauert. Bei ein und derselben Art, Murex trapa, wurde einmal eine zweieinhalbtägige Planktonphase und einmal eine vollständige Entwicklung in der Eikapsel beobachtet.[2]

Wie andere Stachelschnecken ernähren sich die Murex-Arten vorwiegend von schalentragenden Weichtieren.

Verbreitung und Vorkommen

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der heute zur Gattung Murex gezählten Schneckenarten umfasst die warmen Meere des Indopazifiks. Hier sind die Schnecken insbesondere in der Gezeitenzone und im Sublitoral auf Sand wie auch zwischen Steinen und Korallen zu finden.

Geschichte der Systematik

Murex bezeichnet im klassischen Latein die Purpurschnecken des Mittelmeers, aus denen schon in der Antike der begehrte Purpur gewonnen wurde, die aber auch als Nahrungsquelle dienten.[3] Linnaeus beschreibt 1758 die Gattung als Schnecke mit einteiliger spiraliger Schale, die durch pergamentartige Nähte aufgeraut ist und deren Mündung in einem ganzen, geraden oder etwas aufsteigenden Kanal endet.[4] Er schließt in diese Gattung neben zahlreichen Stachelschnecken unter anderem auch die Tritonshörner ein.

Mit der Zeit ist der Umfang der Gattung immer mehr eingeengt worden. Da als Typusart der Große Spinnenkopf (Murex tribulus)[5] festgelegt worden ist, gehören seit den letzten Revisionen der Gattung die im klassischen Latein als Murex bezeichneten Purpurschnecken Herkuleskeule (Murex brandaris) und Stumpfe Stachelschnecke (Murex trunculus) nicht mehr zu dieser Gattung. Diese umfasst vielmehr nur noch Arten des Indopazifiks.[1]

Literatur

  • Didier Merle, Bernard Garrigues & Jean-Pierre Pointier: Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World, Part Muricinae. 648 S., 182 Farbtafeln, Hackenheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-939767-32-9.
  • G. E. Radwin, & A. D'Attilio: Murex shells of the world. An illustrated guide to the Muricidae. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford 1976, ISBN 978-0-8047-0897-5, x + pp. 1-284 incl 192 figs. + 32 pls.
  • Frank Riedel: Ursprung und Evolution der „höheren“ Caenogastropoda. Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe E, Band 32, Berlin 2000, 240 S., ISBN 3-89582-077-6.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Winston F. Ponder, Emily H. Vokes: A Revision of the Indo-West Pacific Fossil and Recent Species of Murex S.S. and Haustellum (Mollusca : Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8, S. 1–160.
  2. Tsugio Shuto: Larval development and geographical distribution of the Indo-West Pacific Murex. Bulletin Of Marine Science, 33(3): 536-544, 1983.
  3. Langenscheidts Wörterbuch Lateinisch–Deutsch: Eintrag murex, a) Purpurschnecke mit gewundener stacheliger Schale; (dcht.) die Schale als Tritonshorn; b) essbare Stachelschnecke. 7. Aufl. 1982.
  4. Carolus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae. 10. ed., Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1758, S. 746: No. 290. Murex. Testa univalvis, spiralis, exasperata suturis membranaceis. Apertura desinens in canalem integrum rectum s. subadscendentem.
  5. Carolus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae. 10. ed., Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1758, S. 746. 447. Murex Tribulus. M. testa ovata spinis setaceis trifariis, cauda elongata subulata recta similiter spinosa. Habitat in O. Asiae. (Murex mit eiförmiger Schale mit borstenartigen dreireihigen Stacheln, mit verlängertem pfriemlichen Schwanz, in ähnlicher Weise gestachelt. Lebt im Ozean Asiens.)
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Murex: Brief Summary ( германски )

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 src= Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Zum französischen Softwareunternehmen siehe Murex SAS.

Murex ist der Name einer Schneckengattung aus der Familie der Stachelschnecken, die im Indopazifik vertreten ist.

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Murag ( шкотски гелски )

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Se seòrsa mhaorach a tha ann am murag (murex).

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Мурекс ( киргиски )

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Murex pecten.

Мурекс (лат. Murex, L. 1758) — деңизде жашоочу үлүлдөрдүн бир уруусу.

Колдонулган адабияттар

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Runseggiu ( лигурски )

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Runseggiu. I runseggi (o runçeggi) en quelle lümasse de mâ in po ciü grosse (e ciü piccin-e invece e ciammemmu curnetti) da famiggia di mürexi. Vivan inscî scöggi. Pöan arivâ a ese lunghe 10 cm. En di predatuî, ti e pö truvâ ch'en aprövu a mangiase ün musculu doppu d'êsisel'avertu. Cuscì cumme i atre lümasse, sun ermafrudite, saiv'a dî, massc'e figgia insemme, e de spessu ti pö atruvane in pâ attaccæ, squæxi föa de l'ægua, ch'en ancun aprövu a acubbiase, magara da-a nötte primma.

E due specce ciü inpurtante sun:

  • l'Hexaplex trunculus (o Murex trunculus o Phyllonotus trunculus) ditu ascì "runseggiu russu de scöggiu" ben ben cumün in scî scöggi da nostra Rivêa, u ven ben cumme lesca pe-i pescuéi, ma u l'é bun ascì da mangiâ
  • u Bolinus brandaris (o Murex brandaris) ch'u l'è quellu cu-u "mannegu" e-e spin-e. Intu zeneize antigu "runseggiu" vueiva dî "penaccu"[1], sciben che stu chì semai u faiæ pensâ ciutostu a 'na massa cu-i cioi.

Storicamente u l'è inpurtante perchè antigamente da-a sö bava se ghe prudüxeiva de tente: da-u primmu u blö éndegu e da-u segundu a pùrpua.

Notte

  1. "meio e prender conseio
    anti che fera lo ronzeio"
    Anon. Zen. CXVI. [1]
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Runseggiu: Brief Summary ( лигурски )

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Runseggiu. I runseggi (o runçeggi) en quelle lümasse de mâ in po ciü grosse (e ciü piccin-e invece e ciammemmu curnetti) da famiggia di mürexi. Vivan inscî scöggi. Pöan arivâ a ese lunghe 10 cm. En di predatuî, ti e pö truvâ ch'en aprövu a mangiase ün musculu doppu d'êsisel'avertu. Cuscì cumme i atre lümasse, sun ermafrudite, saiv'a dî, massc'e figgia insemme, e de spessu ti pö atruvane in pâ attaccæ, squæxi föa de l'ægua, ch'en ancun aprövu a acubbiase, magara da-a nötte primma.

E due specce ciü inpurtante sun:

l'Hexaplex trunculus (o Murex trunculus o Phyllonotus trunculus) ditu ascì "runseggiu russu de scöggiu" ben ben cumün in scî scöggi da nostra Rivêa, u ven ben cumme lesca pe-i pescuéi, ma u l'é bun ascì da mangiâ u Bolinus brandaris (o Murex brandaris) ch'u l'è quellu cu-u "mannegu" e-e spin-e. Intu zeneize antigu "runseggiu" vueiva dî "penaccu", sciben che stu chì semai u faiæ pensâ ciutostu a 'na massa cu-i cioi.

Storicamente u l'è inpurtante perchè antigamente da-a sö bava se ghe prudüxeiva de tente: da-u primmu u blö éndegu e da-u segundu a pùrpua.

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Murex ( англиски )

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Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly called "murexes" or "rock snails".[1]

The common name murex is still used for many species in the family Muricidae which were originally given the Latin generic name Murex in the past, but have more recently been regrouped into different newer genera.

The word murex was used by Aristotle in reference to these kinds of snails, thus making it one of the oldest classical seashell names still in use by the scientific community.

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: from 125.45 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found all over the world. There are about 25 known extinct species.[2]

Murex altispira
Fossil shell of Murex spinicosta from Pliocene of Italy

Distribution

Murex is solely an Indo-Pacific genus, as demonstrated by Ponder & Vokes (1988). The species from the western Atlantic that were formerly considered to belong to the genus Murex are now placed in the genus Haustellum.

Habitat

Most Murex species live in the intertidal or shallow subtidal zone, among rocks and corals.

Shell description

This genus includes many showy members, their elongate shells highly sculptured with spines or fronds. The inner surfaces of their ornate shells are often brightly colored.

Human use

Costly and labor-intensive dyes Tyrian purple (or "royal purple") and tekhelet were historically made by the ancient Phoenicians and Jews respectively, using mucus from the hypobranchial gland of two species commonly referred to as "murex", Murex brandaris and Murex trunculus, which are the older names for Bolinus brandaris and Hexaplex trunculus.[3] This dye is a rare animal-produced organobromine compound, which the snails make using a specific bromide peroxidase enzyme that operates on dissolved bromide in sea water.[4]

This dye was used in royal robes, other kinds of special ceremonial or ritual garments, or garments indicating high rank. It is hypothesised that the dye was the same dye as that which featured prominently in the ancient Temple in Jerusalem, the clothing of the High Priest of Israel officiating there; it is sometimes still used by Jews today in the ritual fringes (tzitzit) on four-cornered garments.[5] A consensus has yet to be reached regarding the Biblical source of the "blue" dye.

Species

The genus Murex, as originally defined by Linnaeus, encompassed many taxa that are now placed elsewhere in the superfamily Muricoidea. During the 19th century, the definition of Murex was restricted by Lamarck and his contemporaries first to species in the family Muricidae, and then was limited even further to the subfamilies Muricinae and Ocenebrinae. Malacologists of the 19th century including Kiener, Reeve, Küster & Kobelt and Sowerby treated all muricoid forms as belonging to Murex. This is the main reason why Murex has so many synonyms.

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) lists the following species with accepted names within the genus Murex. The subgenera are considered alternate representations.[6]

Species mentioned as species in current use in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS)
Species brought into synonymy

References

  1. ^ a b Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Murex Linnaeus, 1758. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138196 on 2011-04-09
  2. ^ Fossilworks
  3. ^ Sukenik, Naama; Iluz, David; Amar, Zohar; Varvak, Alexander; Shamir, Orit; Ben-Yosef, Erez (2021). "Early evidence of royal purple dyed textile from Timna Valley (Israel)". PLOS ONE. 16 (1): e0245897. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1645897S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245897. PMC 7842898. PMID 33507987.
  4. ^ Jannun R., Nuwayhid N. and Coe E. (1981) Biological bromination – bromoperoxidase activity in the Murex sea-snail. FASEB. J. 40, 1774.
  5. ^ Tekhelet - Biblical Blue Dye for Tzitzit
  6. ^ WoRMS : Murex 23 December 2010
  7. ^ Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  8. ^ ^Houart, R. (2009). Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215644 on 2010-08-06
  9. ^ Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  10. ^ Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  11. ^ Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  12. ^ Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  13. ^ Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  14. ^ Houart, R. (2009). Murex djarianensis poppei Houart, 1979. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404977 on 2010-08-06
  15. ^ Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  16. ^ Murex forskoehli Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  17. ^ Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  18. ^ Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  19. ^ Murex megapex Neubert, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  20. ^ Murex occa Sowerby, 1834. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  21. ^ Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  22. ^ Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  23. ^ Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  24. ^ Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  25. ^ Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  26. ^ Murex somalicus Parth, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  27. ^ Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  28. ^ Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  29. ^ Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  30. ^ Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  31. ^ Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  32. ^ Murex trapa Roding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  33. ^ Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  34. ^ Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  35. ^ Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database : Murex (Murex) singaporensis
  36. ^ Murex aedonius Watson, 1896. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  37. ^ Murex argo Clench & Farfante, 1945. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  38. ^ Murex blakeanus Vokes, 1967. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  39. ^ Murex edwardsi. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  40. ^ Murex gubbi Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  41. ^ Murex intertextus Helbling, 1779. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  42. ^ Murex maroccensis Gmelin, 1791. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  43. ^ Murex monodon Sowerby, 1841. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  44. ^ Murex nassa Gmelin, 1791. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  45. ^ Murex peritus Hinds, 1844a. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  46. ^ Murex purpuroides Dunker. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  47. ^ Murex recurvirostris. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  48. ^ Murex rota Sowerby. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  49. ^ Murex rubidus. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  50. ^ Murex textilis Gabb, 1873. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  51. ^ Murex triqueter. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  52. ^ Murex tulipa Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  53. ^ Murex vittatus Broderip, 1833. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  • Merle, D., Garrigues, B. & Pointier, J.-P. 2011. Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World, Part Muricinae. 648 pp., 182 colour plates, Hackenheim. ISBN 978-3-939767-32-9.
  • Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes. 1988. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8. 160 pp.

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Murex: Brief Summary ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

Murex is a genus of medium to large sized predatory tropical sea snails. These are carnivorous marine gastropod molluscs in the family Muricidae, commonly called "murexes" or "rock snails".

The common name murex is still used for many species in the family Muricidae which were originally given the Latin generic name Murex in the past, but have more recently been regrouped into different newer genera.

The word murex was used by Aristotle in reference to these kinds of snails, thus making it one of the oldest classical seashell names still in use by the scientific community.

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Murex ( шпански; кастиљски )

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 src=
Murex sp.

Murex es un género de moluscos gasterópodos de la familia Muricidae. Son caracoles carnívoros marinos, propios de aguas tropicales. Carecen de nácar en el interior de la concha. Ésta dispone de un opérculo que permite al animal cerrarla y resguardarse dentro. Casi todos viven en la zona intermareal, entre rocas y corales. Poseen sifones bien desarrollados, sostenidos por un surco o canal sifonal de la concha. Muchos miembros de este género son de una gran belleza, con conchas alargadas y esculpidas con espinas o frondes. Las superficies interiores de las conchas a menudo presentan una coloración vistosa.

Murex es un género circunscrito a la región del Indo-Pacífico, como demostraron Ponder & Vokes (1988). Las especies atlánticas y mediterráneas se consideraban antaño como Murex, pero pertenecen en realidad a Haustellum y otros géneros.

El animal de este tipo más conocido en España es la cañadilla, que posee un gran valor gastronómico. Sin embargo, hablando en propiedad, la cañadilla no es realmente un Murex.

El mucus procedente de la glándula hipobranquial de dos especies, Murex brandaris (cañadilla, o más breve: cañailla) y Murex trunculus (actualmente englobadas en géneros distintos y llamadas respectivamente Haustellum brandaris y Hexaplex trunculus) se empleaba en la elaboración del Púrpura de Tiro o Púrpura real, un tinte usado en prendas de la realeza.

Especies

Este género contiene las siguientes especies:

Referencias

  • Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes. 1988. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8. 160 pp.

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Murex: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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 src= Murex sp.

Murex es un género de moluscos gasterópodos de la familia Muricidae. Son caracoles carnívoros marinos, propios de aguas tropicales. Carecen de nácar en el interior de la concha. Ésta dispone de un opérculo que permite al animal cerrarla y resguardarse dentro. Casi todos viven en la zona intermareal, entre rocas y corales. Poseen sifones bien desarrollados, sostenidos por un surco o canal sifonal de la concha. Muchos miembros de este género son de una gran belleza, con conchas alargadas y esculpidas con espinas o frondes. Las superficies interiores de las conchas a menudo presentan una coloración vistosa.

Murex es un género circunscrito a la región del Indo-Pacífico, como demostraron Ponder & Vokes (1988). Las especies atlánticas y mediterráneas se consideraban antaño como Murex, pero pertenecen en realidad a Haustellum y otros géneros.

El animal de este tipo más conocido en España es la cañadilla, que posee un gran valor gastronómico. Sin embargo, hablando en propiedad, la cañadilla no es realmente un Murex.

El mucus procedente de la glándula hipobranquial de dos especies, Murex brandaris (cañadilla, o más breve: cañailla) y Murex trunculus (actualmente englobadas en géneros distintos y llamadas respectivamente Haustellum brandaris y Hexaplex trunculus) se empleaba en la elaboración del Púrpura de Tiro o Púrpura real, un tinte usado en prendas de la realeza.

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Murex (mollusque) ( француски )

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Murex est un genre de mollusques gastéropodes marins de la famille des Muricidae.

Description et caractéristiques

Il s'agit d'espèces tropicales carnivores et prédatrices, à la coquille très généralement munie de longues épines, souvent spectaculaires.

Histoire scientifique

Ce nom de genre a été directement emprunté au mot latin murex qui, dans l'Antiquité méditerranéenne, désignait les gastéropodes dont on extrayait la « pourpre de Tyr ». Le terme a été officialisé par Carl von Linné en 1758, pour nommer un genre correspondant à ce type d'animaux. Depuis, l'ancien genre Murex a été complètement démembré, et les deux principaux mollusques fournissant la pourpre décrits par Linné sous les appellations Murex brandaris et Murex trunculus sont désormais nommés Bolinus brandaris et Hexaplex trunculus. Le nom commun « murex » continue toutefois à faire collectivement référence à de nombreuses espèces de la famille des Muricidae.

Liste des espèces

Selon World Register of Marine Species (6 septembre 2014)[1] :

Noms en synonymie


Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Murex (mollusque): Brief Summary ( француски )

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Murex est un genre de mollusques gastéropodes marins de la famille des Muricidae.

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Muireachaoin ( ирски )

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Seilide feoiliteach mara a bhfuil blaosc shainiúil air le fiafháis spíonacha. Cuid mhaith cineálacha de a itheann moilisc dhébhlaoscacha, ag brú na mblaoscanna oscailte chun a bhfuil ann a ithe. Is iad muireachaoine na Meánmhara príomhfhoinse an ábhar datha corcra ríoga.

 src=
Tá an t-alt seo bunaithe ar ábhar as Fréamh an Eolais, ciclipéid eolaíochta agus teicneolaíochta leis an Ollamh Matthew Hussey, foilsithe ag Coiscéim sa bhliain 2011. Tá comhluadar na Vicipéide go mór faoi chomaoin acu beirt as ucht cead a thabhairt an t-ábhar ón leabhar a roinnt linn go léir.
 src=
Is síol é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Murex ( италијански )

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Il Murice (Murex Linnaeus, 1758) è un genere di molluschi gasteropodi marini appartenenti alla famiglia dei Muricidae.[1]

Tassonomia

 src=
Murex tribulus

Il genere Murex conta 35 specie riconosciute:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Murex, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 23 settembre 2020.

Bibliografia

  • Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 1988; Supplement 8: 160 pp.

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Murex: Brief Summary ( италијански )

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Il Murice (Murex Linnaeus, 1758) è un genere di molluschi gasteropodi marini appartenenti alla famiglia dei Muricidae.

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Murex ( холандски; фламански )

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Murex is een geslacht van weekdieren uit de klasse van de Gastropoda (slakken).

Soorten

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Murex: Brief Summary ( холандски; фламански )

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Murex is een geslacht van weekdieren uit de klasse van de Gastropoda (slakken).

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Murex ( норвешки )

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Murex, eller purpursnegle, er en slekt av medium til store tropiske predative sjøsnegler. Disse er maritime kjøttetende snegler (bløtdyr) i familien Muricidae, murexer eller purpursnegler.[1]

Det vanlige navnet «murex» benyttes også for en rekke andre arter i familien Muricidae, de fleste av dem ble tidligere gitt det latinske slektsnavnet Murex, men mange av disse har nå blitt gruppert i andre, nyere grupper. Ordet murex ble benyttet av Aristoteles i referanse til disse formene for snegler, således er Murex muligens et av de eldste antikke navnene for snegler som fortsatt benyttes av det vitenskapelige samfunnet.

Spredning

Purpursneglen er en indopasifisk art, som demonstrert av Ponder & Vokes (1988).[2] Arten fra det vestlige Atlanterhavet, som tidligere ble betraktet som murex, er i dag plassert i arten haustellum.

Miljø

De fleste murexarter lever i tidevannssoner, det området av kysten som er dekket av høyvann og avdekket ved fjære, blant steiner og koraller.

Beskrivelse av skallet

Denne arten omfatter mange prangende artsmedlemmer, deres utstrakte skall er meget skulpturelt med pigger eller bregneblader. Den indre overflaten av deres dekorerte skall er ofte i skinnende farger.

Menneskelig bruk

De kostbare og arbeidsintensive fargestoffet purpur (tyrisk purpur eller kongeblå) og jødiske tekhelet, en blåfarge som er nevnt 48 ganger i Den hebraiske Bibelen (for kristne Det gamle testamente), og som i den greske Septuaginta er oversatt som hyakinthinos (gresk: ὑακίνθινος, «blå»), var historisk framstilt av antikkens fønikere ved å benytte seg av slim fra kjertelen hypobranchial fra de to artene som vanligvis blir referert til som «murex», Murex brandaris og Murex trunculus, som er eldre navn for Haustellum brandaris og Hexaplex trunculus.

Dette fargestoffet ble benyttet for kongelige kåper, andre former for spesielle seremonier eller rituelle påkledninger, eller drakter som indikerte høy rang. Det er teoretisert at det var det samme fargestoffet som ble benyttet i tempelet i Jerusalem for klesdrakten til ypperstepresten; fargen benyttes fortsatt av jøder i dag i rituelle drakter (tzitzit) på drakten-med-de-fire-hjørner.[3] En felles forskerenighet for den bibelske kilden for «blåfargen» har ennå ikke blitt fastslått.

Referanser

  1. ^ Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010): «Murex Linnaeus, 1758» i: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010): World Marine Mollusca database. Tilgjengelig via: World Register of Marine Species
  2. ^ Ponder W. F. & Warén, A. (1988): «Classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha - A list of the family-group names and higher taxa» i: Malacological Review. Supll. (4), s. 288–328.
  3. ^ Tekhelet - Biblical Blue Dye for Tzitzit

Litteratur

Merle, D., Garrigues, B. & Pointier, J.-P. (2011): Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World, Part Muricinae. 648 ff., 182 colour plates, Hackenheim. ISBN 978-3-939767-32-9. Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes (1988): A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8. 160 ff.

Eksterne lenker

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Murex: Brief Summary ( норвешки )

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 src= Murex altispira

Murex, eller purpursnegle, er en slekt av medium til store tropiske predative sjøsnegler. Disse er maritime kjøttetende snegler (bløtdyr) i familien Muricidae, murexer eller purpursnegler.

Det vanlige navnet «murex» benyttes også for en rekke andre arter i familien Muricidae, de fleste av dem ble tidligere gitt det latinske slektsnavnet Murex, men mange av disse har nå blitt gruppert i andre, nyere grupper. Ordet murex ble benyttet av Aristoteles i referanse til disse formene for snegler, således er Murex muligens et av de eldste antikke navnene for snegler som fortsatt benyttes av det vitenskapelige samfunnet.

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Murex (gênero) ( португалски )

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Murex é um gênero de moluscos gastrópodes marinhos, carnívoros,[2] pertencentes à família Muricidae. Foi descrito por Carolus Linnaeus em 1758, ao nomear a espécie Murex tribulus como seu tipo nomenclatural. Antes este gênero incluía um número maior de espécies espinescentes ou com abas em suas varizes, agora classificadas em gêneros como Chicoreus, Siratus, Pterynotus, Haustellum, Homalocantha, Hexaplex ou Phyllonotus; que ainda conservam o termo Murex (ou Múrice, num aportuguesamento) como sua nomenclatura vernácula.[1][3][5] A conhecida espécie Bolinus brandaris, que forneceu a púrpura tíria durante a Idade Antiga, foi classificada pelo mesmo naturalista e no mesmo ano, também pertencendo, outrora, a este gênero;[6] e o nome Murex, que significa "peixe púrpura", provém do corante que foi extraído desta espécie,[7] mas também extraído de Hexaplex trunculus (ex Murex trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) e Stramonita haemastoma (ex Murex consul Gmelin, 1791).[4][8][9] A menção desta última espécie demonstra como, em tempos de antanho, qualquer espécie espinescente, até mesmo de outras famílias, como Cerithium,[3] poderia ser classificada dentro do conceito guarda-chuva Murex, o que não é válido na atual etapa da ciência zoológica.

Descrição

Atualmente se considera um legítimo espécime de Murex toda a concha da família Muricidae que apresente um longo canal sifonal, mais ou menos revestido de projeções espiniformes não ramificadas, como espinhas de peixe. Algumas espécies aparentadas, como Murex cabritii,[10] que poderiam entrar nesta descrição, migraram para o gênero Vokesimurex.[11]

A região sudoeste do oceano Atlântico, onde se encontra o litoral do Brasil, não apresenta este gênero entre suas espécies; suas mais conhecidas Murex são referentes a gêneros como Chicoreus, Siratus, Vokesimurex, Favartia e Phyllonotus.[12] Em Portugal ocorrem as mesmas espécies produtoras da púrpura tíria.

Espécies

  • Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883
  • Murex aduncospinosus G. B. Sowerby II, 1841
  • Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex antelmei Viader, 1938
  • Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822
  • Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881)
  • Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845
  • Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884
  • Murex djarianensis K. Martin, 1895
  • Murex echinodes Houart, 2011
  • Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex forskoehlii Röding, 1798
  • Murex huangi Houart, 2010
  • Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001
  • Murex indicus Houart, 2011
  • Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex megapex Neubert, 1998
  • Murex occa G. B. Sowerby II, 1834
  • Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786
  • Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994
  • Murex protocrassus Houart, 1990
  • Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994
  • Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817
  • Murex somalicus Parth, 1990
  • Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988
  • Murex spinastreptos Houart, 2010
  • Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982
  • Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822
  • Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822
  • Murex textilis Gabb, 1873
  • Murex trapa Röding, 1798
  • Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868[3]

Galeria de espécies e gêneros que já pertenceram ao gênero Murex

Referências

  1. a b c d e f g h i j ABBOTT, R. Tucker; DANCE, S. Peter (1982). Compendium of Seashells. A color Guide to More than 4.200 of the World's Marine Shells (em inglês). New York: E. P. Dutton. p. 129-144. 412 páginas. ISBN 0-525-93269-0 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautor= (ajuda); |acessodata= requer |url= (ajuda)
  2. a b c «Murex» (em inglês). Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k «Murex» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  4. a b Ziderman, I Irving (janeiro de 2008). «The Biblical Dye Tekhelet and its Use in Jewish Textiles» (em inglês). ResearchGate. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  5. Ferreira, Franclim F. (2002–2004). «Conchas». FEUP. 1 páginas. Consultado em 21 de julho de 2020
  6. «Murex brandaris» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  7. a b c STIX, Hugh; STIX, Marguerite; ABBOTT, R. Tucker; LANDSHOFF, H. (1968). The Shell. Five Hundred Million Years of Inspired Design (em inglês). New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 188 páginas. ISBN 9780810904750 A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos |coautor= (ajuda); |acessodata= requer |url= (ajuda)
  8. «Murex trunculus» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  9. «Murex consul» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  10. a b «Vokesimurex cabritii» (em inglês). Gastropods. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017. Arquivado do original em 11 de agosto de 2021
  11. «Vokesimurex» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 15 de maio de 2017
  12. RIOS, Eliézer (1994). Seashells of Brazil (em inglês) 2ª ed. Rio Grande, RS. Brazil: FURG. p. 107-111. 492 páginas. ISBN 85-85042-36-2 |acessodata= requer |url= (ajuda)
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Murex (gênero): Brief Summary ( португалски )

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Murex é um gênero de moluscos gastrópodes marinhos, carnívoros, pertencentes à família Muricidae. Foi descrito por Carolus Linnaeus em 1758, ao nomear a espécie Murex tribulus como seu tipo nomenclatural. Antes este gênero incluía um número maior de espécies espinescentes ou com abas em suas varizes, agora classificadas em gêneros como Chicoreus, Siratus, Pterynotus, Haustellum, Homalocantha, Hexaplex ou Phyllonotus; que ainda conservam o termo Murex (ou Múrice, num aportuguesamento) como sua nomenclatura vernácula. A conhecida espécie Bolinus brandaris, que forneceu a púrpura tíria durante a Idade Antiga, foi classificada pelo mesmo naturalista e no mesmo ano, também pertencendo, outrora, a este gênero; e o nome Murex, que significa "peixe púrpura", provém do corante que foi extraído desta espécie, mas também extraído de Hexaplex trunculus (ex Murex trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) e Stramonita haemastoma (ex Murex consul Gmelin, 1791). A menção desta última espécie demonstra como, em tempos de antanho, qualquer espécie espinescente, até mesmo de outras famílias, como Cerithium, poderia ser classificada dentro do conceito guarda-chuva Murex, o que não é válido na atual etapa da ciência zoológica.

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Мурекс ( украински )

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Примітки

Джерела


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Мурекс: Brief Summary ( украински )

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Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883 Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby II, 1841 Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex antelmei Viader, 1938 Murex balkeanus Vokes, 1967 Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822 Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881) Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845 Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884 Murex echinodes Houart, 2011 Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex forskoehlii Röding, 1798 Murex huangi Houart, 2010 Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001 Murex indicus Houart, 2011 Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex megapex Neubert, 1998 Murex occa G. B. Sowerby II, 1834 Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786 Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994 Murex protocrassus Houart, 1990 Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994 Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817 Murex somalicus Parth, 1990 Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988 Murex spinastreptos Houart, 2010 Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982 Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822 Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822 Murex textilis Gabb, 1873 Murex trapa Röding, 1798 Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758 Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868
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Murex ( руски )

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 src=
Murex altispira
 src=
Окаменелая раковина Murex spinicosta из Плиоцена, обнаружена на территории современной Италии.

Ареал

Представители рода Murex встречаются исключительно в Индо-Тихоокеанском регионе. Большинство видов обитает в прибрежной морской или в мелководной сублиторальной зоне.

Вид раковины

Удлинённые раковины мурексов характеризуются скульптурой с шипами и складками. Внутренняя поверхность раковины часто ярко окрашена. Нижний край устья раковины вытянут в сифональный вырост, который порой составляет половину или даже большую часть высоты раковины, а у некоторых представителей например, Murex troscheli, даже превышает её.

Применение

Основная статья: пурпур

Дорогой и трудоёмкий в получении тирский пурпур ( от финикийского города Тир), или королевский пурпур, исторический выделяли из слизи гипобрахиальной железы Murex brandaris and Murex trunculus (по современной классификации Bolinus brandaris и Hexaplex trunculus), представляющей собой вырост прямой кишки моллюсков. Краска является редким случаем синтеза животным органического бром-содержащего соединения. Особый фермент улиток бромпероксидаза использует в качестве субстрата растворённый в морской воде бромид[3].

Краситель использовался для окраски королевских мантий и других видов церемониальных и ритуальных одежд, утверждающих высокий ранг носителей.

Виды

В настоящее время следующие виды относят к роду Murex согласно Всемирному реестру морских видов.[4]

Подрод Murex (Murex) Linnaeus, 1758
Подрод Murex (Promurex) Ponder & Vokes, 1988
Вид в Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS)

Примечания

  1. Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Murex Linnaeus, 1758. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138196 on 2011-04-09
  2. Fossilworks
  3. Jannun R., Nuwayhid N. and Coe E. (1981) Biological bromination – bromoperoxidase activity in the Murex sea-snail. FASEB. J. 40, 1774.
  4. WoRMS : Murex 23 December 2010
  5. ^Houart, R. (2009). Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215644 on 2010-08-06
  6. WoRMS (2010).| Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) [1] 9 April 2011
  7. Houart, R. (2009). Murex djarianensis poppei Houart, 1979. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404977 on 2010-08-06
  8. Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database : Murex (Murex) singaporensis
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Murex: Brief Summary ( руски )

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 src= Murex altispira  src= Окаменелая раковина Murex spinicosta из Плиоцена, обнаружена на территории современной Италии.
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骨螺屬 ( кинески )

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骨螺屬学名Murex)是新腹足目骨螺科的一個由中型到大型的捕食性海螺物種組成的屬[2]。主要分布于印度尼西亚中国大陆台湾,常栖息在潮下带。[3]

語源

骨螺屬的學名「murex」最早使用的人是亞里士多德,專門用來指這一種海螺。這個語言上的證據亦使本屬成為了科學界最早使用的物種學名。 The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), lists the following species and subspecies with accepted names within the genus Murex.[4]

Subgenus Murex (Murex) Linnaeus, 1758
Subgenus Murex (Promurex) Ponder & Vokes, 1988
Species mentioned as species in current use in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS)
Species brought into synonymy

参考文献

 src=
Murex altispira
  1. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为WoRMS的参考文献提供内容
  2. ^ WoRMS. Murex Linnaeus, 1758. World Register of Marine Species. 2010 [2011-04-09].
  3. ^ 国际贝库:维那斯骨螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11].
  4. ^ WoRMS : Murex 23 December 2010
  5. ^ Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  6. ^ ^Houart, R. (2009). Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215644 on 2010-08-06
  7. ^ Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  8. ^ Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  9. ^ Murex balkeanus Vokes, 1967. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  10. ^ WoRMS (2010).| Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822. World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) [1] 9 April 2011
  11. ^ Murex buccinatus Voigt, 1834. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  12. ^ Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  13. ^ Houart, R. (2009). Murex djarianensis poppei Houart, 1979. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404977 on 2010-08-06
  14. ^ Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  15. ^ Murex megapex Neubert, 1998. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  16. ^ Murex ornamentalis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  17. ^ Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  18. ^ Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  19. ^ Murex somalicus Parth, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  20. ^ Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  21. ^ Murex textilis Gabb, 1873. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  22. ^ Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  23. ^ Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  24. ^ Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  25. ^ Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  26. ^ Murex forskoehli Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  27. ^ Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  28. ^ Murex occa Sowerby, 1834. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  29. ^ Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  30. ^ Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  31. ^ Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  32. ^ Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  33. ^ Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  34. ^ Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  35. ^ Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  36. ^ Murex trapa Roding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  37. ^ Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  38. ^ Murex antelmei Viader, 1938. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  39. ^ Murex protocrassus Houart, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  40. ^ Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database : Murex (Murex) singaporensis
  41. ^ Murex aedonius Watson, 1896. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  42. ^ Murex argo Clench & Farfante, 1945. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  43. ^ Murex edwardsi . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  44. ^ Murex gubbi Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  45. ^ Murex intertextus Helbling, 1779. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  46. ^ Murex maroccensis Gmelin, 1791. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  47. ^ Murex monodon Sowerby, 1841. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  48. ^ Murex nassa Gmelin, 1791. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  49. ^ Murex peritus Hinds, 1844a. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  50. ^ Murex purpuroides Dunker. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  51. ^ Murex recurvirostris . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  52. ^ Murex rota Sowerby. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  53. ^ Murex rubidus . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  54. ^ Murex triqueter . Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  55. ^ Murex tulipa Linnaeus, 1758. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  56. ^ Murex vittatus Broderip, 1833. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 25 April 2010.
  • Merle, D., Garrigues, B. & Pointier, J.-P. 2011. Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World, Part Muricinae. 648 pp., 182 colour plates, Hackenheim. ISBN 978-3-939767-32-9.
  • Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes. 1988. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8. 160 pp.

外部連結

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:骨螺屬
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骨螺屬: Brief Summary ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科

骨螺屬(学名:Murex)是新腹足目骨螺科的一個由中型到大型的捕食性海螺物種組成的屬。主要分布于印度尼西亚中国大陆台湾,常栖息在潮下带。

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