Orobanche minor Sm.

Parasitic on CloverChipping Norton, Oxon. SP335262

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. Orobanche crithmi Bertol., Orobanche grisebachii Reut., Orobanche salisii Reut., Orobanche pumila Rchb., Orobanche pyrrha Rchb., Orobanche barbataand about 20 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser Broomrape, Common Broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-Wrger, KleeteufelSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 5. 2023Lat.: 44.51458 Long.: 14.31025Code: Bot_1523/2023_DSC2872Habitat: sandy sea shore, among grasses and other tall herbs; locally flat terrain; open, sunny, dry place; precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 6 m (20 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Adriatic Sea region, island Susak, sea shore about 200 m north of the harbor, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comments (pertain to pictures in Flicker album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor was a few hundred years ago a Mediterranean species. However, it was spread by men by agricultural trade almost all over the world. Today it can be found in the almost whole Europe, in Africa, Asia, America and New Zeeland. Although widely distributed, it is quite a rare plant. The possible exception is monoculture agricultural land where its hosts grow e.g. clover fields, where it can appear massively and can completely destroy the harvest.This find is from island Susak in Adriatic Sea having a unique geology. The island is the only one among hundreds of islands along east shore of Adriatic Sea, consisting 100% from sand. Orobanche species are very variable. Proper determination is not always an easy task. In addition, their appearance depends on their actual host. This heavily pertains to Orobanche minor since its hosts are many: several species of Trifolium, other Fabaceae as well as Asteraceae. However, the combination of traits of the plants shown here speak in favor of Orobanche minor: small to medium size plants with densely glandular pubescence, small flowers (compared to other similar species), tubular, only slightly inflated at the end, corolla with conspicuous violet veins near the upper lip, almost glabrous style with dark purple-brown two-lobed stigma, entire calix segments and long bracts.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (2) T. Nikoli, Flora Croatica, Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske, Vol. 3. Alfa d.d.. Zagreb (2020) p 235,(3) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(4) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. and about 25 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser broomrape, Common broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-WrgerSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 04. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5058Habitat: garrigue, moderately inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, warm, mostly sunny place; calcareous, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 65 m (210 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, next to the trail leading west from village Brzac (old part) to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comment (pertains to pictures in the Flickr album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor is a widespread and quite common holoparasitic species (those that lost all the photosynthetic properties). It is present almost in all European countries (exceptions are Scandinavia and most-northeast countries), in Mediterranean countries of North Africa, in parts of Asia Minor and from Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and S. Tropical Africa (Ref.: 4.). Today it is introduced also to other continents. Generally, to recognize plants belonging to genus Orobanche is easy. These attractive plants are strange looking, with very specific habit and flowers. However, on species level the situation is much more challenging. The reasons are several. Plants are notoriously variable in shape, color and size, they change radically their shape during anthese, they are difficult to study since they lose their colors in herbariums. Hundreds of varieties and forms have been described. 'Total' number of taxa in the genus varies enormously among different authors depending on their taxonomical approach. For some species there is still no agreement on the taxonomy. Consider this: length of corolla of Orobanche minor is described in Ref.: 2. as 10-12(15) mm long, in Ref. 1. as 6-10 mm, in Ref.: 3. as 10-19 mm and as 6-10 mm for one of its varieties (Orobanche minor var. maritima). This find corresponds well to the characteristics traits of Orobanche minor as described in Ref.: 3.. The solitary plant is relatively small, slender, strongly glandular-pubescent and of 'proper' color (that means most common color). The calyx segments are unequally bidentate and almost filiform at the tip, the bracts are almost as long as corolla, corollas have distinct violet veins on pale-whitish-yellowish background, the upper lip is almost entire, the lower lip is tripartite consisting of unevenly crenate lobes of approximately equal size and the stigma is brown-violet. The plant parasites on many species of several genera, most often on clovers (Trifolium) but also on other legumes, peas and beans (Fabaceae) and composites (Asteraceae). In this find it parasitized Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. rubiflora. Its withered flowers can be seen on Fig. 5.Ref.:(1) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (3) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53607-3 (accessed Jan. 22. 2023)

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. Orobanche crithmi Bertol., Orobanche grisebachii Reut., Orobanche salisii Reut., Orobanche pumila Rchb., Orobanche pyrrha Rchb., Orobanche barbataand about 20 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser Broomrape, Common Broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-Wrger, KleeteufelSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 5. 2023Lat.: 44.51458 Long.: 14.31025Code: Bot_1523/2023_DSC2872Habitat: sandy sea shore, among grasses and other tall herbs; locally flat terrain; open, sunny, dry place; precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 6 m (20 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Adriatic Sea region, island Susak, sea shore about 200 m north of the harbor, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comments (pertain to pictures in Flicker album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor was a few hundred years ago a Mediterranean species. However, it was spread by men by agricultural trade almost all over the world. Today it can be found in the almost whole Europe, in Africa, Asia, America and New Zeeland. Although widely distributed, it is quite a rare plant. The possible exception is monoculture agricultural land where its hosts grow e.g. clover fields, where it can appear massively and can completely destroy the harvest.This find is from island Susak in Adriatic Sea having a unique geology. The island is the only one among hundreds of islands along east shore of Adriatic Sea, consisting 100% from sand. Orobanche species are very variable. Proper determination is not always an easy task. In addition, their appearance depends on their actual host. This heavily pertains to Orobanche minor since its hosts are many: several species of Trifolium, other Fabaceae as well as Asteraceae. However, the combination of traits of the plants shown here speak in favor of Orobanche minor: small to medium size plants with densely glandular pubescence, small flowers (compared to other similar species), tubular, only slightly inflated at the end, corolla with conspicuous violet veins near the upper lip, almost glabrous style with dark purple-brown two-lobed stigma, entire calix segments and long bracts.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (2) T. Nikoli, Flora Croatica, Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske, Vol. 3. Alfa d.d.. Zagreb (2020) p 235,(3) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(4) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. and about 25 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser broomrape, Common broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-WrgerSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 04. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5058Habitat: garrigue, moderately inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, warm, mostly sunny place; calcareous, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 65 m (210 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, next to the trail leading west from village Brzac (old part) to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comment (pertains to pictures in the Flickr album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor is a widespread and quite common holoparasitic species (those that lost all the photosynthetic properties). It is present almost in all European countries (exceptions are Scandinavia and most-northeast countries), in Mediterranean countries of North Africa, in parts of Asia Minor and from Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and S. Tropical Africa (Ref.: 4.). Today it is introduced also to other continents. Generally, to recognize plants belonging to genus Orobanche is easy. These attractive plants are strange looking, with very specific habit and flowers. However, on species level the situation is much more challenging. The reasons are several. Plants are notoriously variable in shape, color and size, they change radically their shape during anthese, they are difficult to study since they lose their colors in herbariums. Hundreds of varieties and forms have been described. 'Total' number of taxa in the genus varies enormously among different authors depending on their taxonomical approach. For some species there is still no agreement on the taxonomy. Consider this: length of corolla of Orobanche minor is described in Ref.: 2. as 10-12(15) mm long, in Ref. 1. as 6-10 mm, in Ref.: 3. as 10-19 mm and as 6-10 mm for one of its varieties (Orobanche minor var. maritima). This find corresponds well to the characteristics traits of Orobanche minor as described in Ref.: 3.. The solitary plant is relatively small, slender, strongly glandular-pubescent and of 'proper' color (that means most common color). The calyx segments are unequally bidentate and almost filiform at the tip, the bracts are almost as long as corolla, corollas have distinct violet veins on pale-whitish-yellowish background, the upper lip is almost entire, the lower lip is tripartite consisting of unevenly crenate lobes of approximately equal size and the stigma is brown-violet. The plant parasites on many species of several genera, most often on clovers (Trifolium) but also on other legumes, peas and beans (Fabaceae) and composites (Asteraceae). In this find it parasitized Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. rubiflora. Its withered flowers can be seen on Fig. 5.Ref.:(1) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (3) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53607-3 (accessed Jan. 22. 2023)

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. Orobanche crithmi Bertol., Orobanche grisebachii Reut., Orobanche salisii Reut., Orobanche pumila Rchb., Orobanche pyrrha Rchb., Orobanche barbataand about 20 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser Broomrape, Common Broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-Wrger, KleeteufelSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 5. 2023Lat.: 44.51458 Long.: 14.31025Code: Bot_1523/2023_DSC2872Habitat: sandy sea shore, among grasses and other tall herbs; locally flat terrain; open, sunny, dry place; precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 6 m (20 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Adriatic Sea region, island Susak, sea shore about 200 m north of the harbor, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comments (pertain to pictures in Flicker album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor was a few hundred years ago a Mediterranean species. However, it was spread by men by agricultural trade almost all over the world. Today it can be found in the almost whole Europe, in Africa, Asia, America and New Zeeland. Although widely distributed, it is quite a rare plant. The possible exception is monoculture agricultural land where its hosts grow e.g. clover fields, where it can appear massively and can completely destroy the harvest.This find is from island Susak in Adriatic Sea having a unique geology. The island is the only one among hundreds of islands along east shore of Adriatic Sea, consisting 100% from sand. Orobanche species are very variable. Proper determination is not always an easy task. In addition, their appearance depends on their actual host. This heavily pertains to Orobanche minor since its hosts are many: several species of Trifolium, other Fabaceae as well as Asteraceae. However, the combination of traits of the plants shown here speak in favor of Orobanche minor: small to medium size plants with densely glandular pubescence, small flowers (compared to other similar species), tubular, only slightly inflated at the end, corolla with conspicuous violet veins near the upper lip, almost glabrous style with dark purple-brown two-lobed stigma, entire calix segments and long bracts.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (2) T. Nikoli, Flora Croatica, Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske, Vol. 3. Alfa d.d.. Zagreb (2020) p 235,(3) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(4) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. and about 25 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser broomrape, Common broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-WrgerSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 04. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5058Habitat: garrigue, moderately inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, warm, mostly sunny place; calcareous, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 65 m (210 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, next to the trail leading west from village Brzac (old part) to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comment (pertains to pictures in the Flickr album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor is a widespread and quite common holoparasitic species (those that lost all the photosynthetic properties). It is present almost in all European countries (exceptions are Scandinavia and most-northeast countries), in Mediterranean countries of North Africa, in parts of Asia Minor and from Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and S. Tropical Africa (Ref.: 4.). Today it is introduced also to other continents. Generally, to recognize plants belonging to genus Orobanche is easy. These attractive plants are strange looking, with very specific habit and flowers. However, on species level the situation is much more challenging. The reasons are several. Plants are notoriously variable in shape, color and size, they change radically their shape during anthese, they are difficult to study since they lose their colors in herbariums. Hundreds of varieties and forms have been described. 'Total' number of taxa in the genus varies enormously among different authors depending on their taxonomical approach. For some species there is still no agreement on the taxonomy. Consider this: length of corolla of Orobanche minor is described in Ref.: 2. as 10-12(15) mm long, in Ref. 1. as 6-10 mm, in Ref.: 3. as 10-19 mm and as 6-10 mm for one of its varieties (Orobanche minor var. maritima). This find corresponds well to the characteristics traits of Orobanche minor as described in Ref.: 3.. The solitary plant is relatively small, slender, strongly glandular-pubescent and of 'proper' color (that means most common color). The calyx segments are unequally bidentate and almost filiform at the tip, the bracts are almost as long as corolla, corollas have distinct violet veins on pale-whitish-yellowish background, the upper lip is almost entire, the lower lip is tripartite consisting of unevenly crenate lobes of approximately equal size and the stigma is brown-violet. The plant parasites on many species of several genera, most often on clovers (Trifolium) but also on other legumes, peas and beans (Fabaceae) and composites (Asteraceae). In this find it parasitized Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. rubiflora. Its withered flowers can be seen on Fig. 5.Ref.:(1) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (3) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53607-3 (accessed Jan. 22. 2023)

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. Orobanche crithmi Bertol., Orobanche grisebachii Reut., Orobanche salisii Reut., Orobanche pumila Rchb., Orobanche pyrrha Rchb., Orobanche barbataand about 20 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser Broomrape, Common Broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-Wrger, KleeteufelSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 5. 2023Lat.: 44.51458 Long.: 14.31025Code: Bot_1523/2023_DSC2872Habitat: sandy sea shore, among grasses and other tall herbs; locally flat terrain; open, sunny, dry place; precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 6 m (20 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Adriatic Sea region, island Susak, sea shore about 200 m north of the harbor, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comments (pertain to pictures in Flicker album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor was a few hundred years ago a Mediterranean species. However, it was spread by men by agricultural trade almost all over the world. Today it can be found in the almost whole Europe, in Africa, Asia, America and New Zeeland. Although widely distributed, it is quite a rare plant. The possible exception is monoculture agricultural land where its hosts grow e.g. clover fields, where it can appear massively and can completely destroy the harvest.This find is from island Susak in Adriatic Sea having a unique geology. The island is the only one among hundreds of islands along east shore of Adriatic Sea, consisting 100% from sand. Orobanche species are very variable. Proper determination is not always an easy task. In addition, their appearance depends on their actual host. This heavily pertains to Orobanche minor since its hosts are many: several species of Trifolium, other Fabaceae as well as Asteraceae. However, the combination of traits of the plants shown here speak in favor of Orobanche minor: small to medium size plants with densely glandular pubescence, small flowers (compared to other similar species), tubular, only slightly inflated at the end, corolla with conspicuous violet veins near the upper lip, almost glabrous style with dark purple-brown two-lobed stigma, entire calix segments and long bracts.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (2) T. Nikoli, Flora Croatica, Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske, Vol. 3. Alfa d.d.. Zagreb (2020) p 235,(3) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(4) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.

Brzac, Primorsko-Goranska upanija, Croatia

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. Orobanche crithmi Bertol., Orobanche grisebachii Reut., Orobanche salisii Reut., Orobanche pumila Rchb., Orobanche pyrrha Rchb., Orobanche barbataand about 20 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser Broomrape, Common Broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-Wrger, KleeteufelSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 5. 2023Lat.: 44.51458 Long.: 14.31025Code: Bot_1523/2023_DSC2872Habitat: sandy sea shore, among grasses and other tall herbs; locally flat terrain; open, sunny, dry place; precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 6 m (20 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Adriatic Sea region, island Susak, sea shore about 200 m north of the harbor, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comments (pertain to pictures in Flicker album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor was a few hundred years ago a Mediterranean species. However, it was spread by men by agricultural trade almost all over the world. Today it can be found in the almost whole Europe, in Africa, Asia, America and New Zeeland. Although widely distributed, it is quite a rare plant. The possible exception is monoculture agricultural land where its hosts grow e.g. clover fields, where it can appear massively and can completely destroy the harvest.This find is from island Susak in Adriatic Sea having a unique geology. The island is the only one among hundreds of islands along east shore of Adriatic Sea, consisting 100% from sand. Orobanche species are very variable. Proper determination is not always an easy task. In addition, their appearance depends on their actual host. This heavily pertains to Orobanche minor since its hosts are many: several species of Trifolium, other Fabaceae as well as Asteraceae. However, the combination of traits of the plants shown here speak in favor of Orobanche minor: small to medium size plants with densely glandular pubescence, small flowers (compared to other similar species), tubular, only slightly inflated at the end, corolla with conspicuous violet veins near the upper lip, almost glabrous style with dark purple-brown two-lobed stigma, entire calix segments and long bracts.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (2) T. Nikoli, Flora Croatica, Vaskularna flora Republike Hrvatske, Vol. 3. Alfa d.d.. Zagreb (2020) p 235,(3) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(4) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. and about 25 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser broomrape, Common broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-WrgerSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 04. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5058Habitat: garrigue, moderately inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, warm, mostly sunny place; calcareous, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 65 m (210 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, next to the trail leading west from village Brzac (old part) to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comment (pertains to pictures in the Flickr album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor is a widespread and quite common holoparasitic species (those that lost all the photosynthetic properties). It is present almost in all European countries (exceptions are Scandinavia and most-northeast countries), in Mediterranean countries of North Africa, in parts of Asia Minor and from Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and S. Tropical Africa (Ref.: 4.). Today it is introduced also to other continents. Generally, to recognize plants belonging to genus Orobanche is easy. These attractive plants are strange looking, with very specific habit and flowers. However, on species level the situation is much more challenging. The reasons are several. Plants are notoriously variable in shape, color and size, they change radically their shape during anthese, they are difficult to study since they lose their colors in herbariums. Hundreds of varieties and forms have been described. 'Total' number of taxa in the genus varies enormously among different authors depending on their taxonomical approach. For some species there is still no agreement on the taxonomy. Consider this: length of corolla of Orobanche minor is described in Ref.: 2. as 10-12(15) mm long, in Ref. 1. as 6-10 mm, in Ref.: 3. as 10-19 mm and as 6-10 mm for one of its varieties (Orobanche minor var. maritima). This find corresponds well to the characteristics traits of Orobanche minor as described in Ref.: 3.. The solitary plant is relatively small, slender, strongly glandular-pubescent and of 'proper' color (that means most common color). The calyx segments are unequally bidentate and almost filiform at the tip, the bracts are almost as long as corolla, corollas have distinct violet veins on pale-whitish-yellowish background, the upper lip is almost entire, the lower lip is tripartite consisting of unevenly crenate lobes of approximately equal size and the stigma is brown-violet. The plant parasites on many species of several genera, most often on clovers (Trifolium) but also on other legumes, peas and beans (Fabaceae) and composites (Asteraceae). In this find it parasitized Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. rubiflora. Its withered flowers can be seen on Fig. 5.Ref.:(1) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (3) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53607-3 (accessed Jan. 22. 2023)

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. and about 25 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser broomrape, Common broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-WrgerSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 04. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5058Habitat: garrigue, moderately inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, warm, mostly sunny place; calcareous, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 65 m (210 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, next to the trail leading west from village Brzac (old part) to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comment (pertains to pictures in the Flickr album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor is a widespread and quite common holoparasitic species (those that lost all the photosynthetic properties). It is present almost in all European countries (exceptions are Scandinavia and most-northeast countries), in Mediterranean countries of North Africa, in parts of Asia Minor and from Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and S. Tropical Africa (Ref.: 4.). Today it is introduced also to other continents. Generally, to recognize plants belonging to genus Orobanche is easy. These attractive plants are strange looking, with very specific habit and flowers. However, on species level the situation is much more challenging. The reasons are several. Plants are notoriously variable in shape, color and size, they change radically their shape during anthese, they are difficult to study since they lose their colors in herbariums. Hundreds of varieties and forms have been described. 'Total' number of taxa in the genus varies enormously among different authors depending on their taxonomical approach. For some species there is still no agreement on the taxonomy. Consider this: length of corolla of Orobanche minor is described in Ref.: 2. as 10-12(15) mm long, in Ref. 1. as 6-10 mm, in Ref.: 3. as 10-19 mm and as 6-10 mm for one of its varieties (Orobanche minor var. maritima). This find corresponds well to the characteristics traits of Orobanche minor as described in Ref.: 3.. The solitary plant is relatively small, slender, strongly glandular-pubescent and of 'proper' color (that means most common color). The calyx segments are unequally bidentate and almost filiform at the tip, the bracts are almost as long as corolla, corollas have distinct violet veins on pale-whitish-yellowish background, the upper lip is almost entire, the lower lip is tripartite consisting of unevenly crenate lobes of approximately equal size and the stigma is brown-violet. The plant parasites on many species of several genera, most often on clovers (Trifolium) but also on other legumes, peas and beans (Fabaceae) and composites (Asteraceae). In this find it parasitized Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. rubiflora. Its withered flowers can be seen on Fig. 5.Ref.:(1) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (3) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53607-3 (accessed Jan. 22. 2023)

Orobanche minor Sm., syn.: Orobanche langei Huter, Porta & Rigo, Orobanche major f. hypochoeridis Beck, Orobanche maritima Pugsley, Orobanche salisii Req. ex Coss. and about 25 other names.Family: Orobanchaceae Vent.EN: Lesser broomrape, Common broomrape, DE: Kleine Sommerwurz, Klee-WrgerSlo.: mali pojalnik Dat.: May 04. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5058Habitat: garrigue, moderately inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, warm, mostly sunny place; calcareous, skeletal ground; exposed to direct rain; elevation 65 m (210 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Adriatic Sea, island Krk, next to the trail leading west from village Brzac (old part) to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia. Comment (pertains to pictures in the Flickr album Orobanche minor): Orobanche minor is a widespread and quite common holoparasitic species (those that lost all the photosynthetic properties). It is present almost in all European countries (exceptions are Scandinavia and most-northeast countries), in Mediterranean countries of North Africa, in parts of Asia Minor and from Macaronesia to Arabian Peninsula and S. Tropical Africa (Ref.: 4.). Today it is introduced also to other continents. Generally, to recognize plants belonging to genus Orobanche is easy. These attractive plants are strange looking, with very specific habit and flowers. However, on species level the situation is much more challenging. The reasons are several. Plants are notoriously variable in shape, color and size, they change radically their shape during anthese, they are difficult to study since they lose their colors in herbariums. Hundreds of varieties and forms have been described. 'Total' number of taxa in the genus varies enormously among different authors depending on their taxonomical approach. For some species there is still no agreement on the taxonomy. Consider this: length of corolla of Orobanche minor is described in Ref.: 2. as 10-12(15) mm long, in Ref. 1. as 6-10 mm, in Ref.: 3. as 10-19 mm and as 6-10 mm for one of its varieties (Orobanche minor var. maritima). This find corresponds well to the characteristics traits of Orobanche minor as described in Ref.: 3.. The solitary plant is relatively small, slender, strongly glandular-pubescent and of 'proper' color (that means most common color). The calyx segments are unequally bidentate and almost filiform at the tip, the bracts are almost as long as corolla, corollas have distinct violet veins on pale-whitish-yellowish background, the upper lip is almost entire, the lower lip is tripartite consisting of unevenly crenate lobes of approximately equal size and the stigma is brown-violet. The plant parasites on many species of several genera, most often on clovers (Trifolium) but also on other legumes, peas and beans (Fabaceae) and composites (Asteraceae). In this find it parasitized Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. rubiflora. Its withered flowers can be seen on Fig. 5.Ref.:(1) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2005), p 417.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 578. (3) C.A.J. Kreutz, Orobanche, The European broomrape species, Vol.1., Central and Northern Europe, Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastrich (1995), p 120.(4) powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53607-3 (accessed Jan. 22. 2023)

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