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Associations ( англиски )

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Foodplant / parasite
telium of Melampsora lini var. lini parasitises live stem of Linum catharticum
Remarks: season: 5-10

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Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Melampsora lini is the causal agent of rust disease of cultivated flax and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and an important model system for studies about themolecular basis of plant immunity (Dean et al. 2012).

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Comprehensive Description ( англиски )

добавил North American Flora
Uredo lini Schum. Enum. PL Saell. 2 : 230. 1803
Uredo miniata £ Lini Pers. Syn. Fung. 216. 1801.
Hypodermium {Uredo) Lini Link, Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Mag. 7: 28. 1815.
Xyloma Lini Ehrenb. Sylvae Myc. Berol. 27. 1818.
Podosporium Lini Lev. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 8 : 374. 1847.
Podocystis Lini Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 512. 1849.
Melampsora Li?ii Desmaz. PI. Crypt. (Fasc. 41) 2049. 1850.
Pycnia amphigenous, numerous, scattered, inconspicuous, subepidermal, pale-yellow, flattened globoid or lens-shaped, 100-175 a in diameter, 65-95 fi high; pyeniospores
ellipsoid, 2-3 by 3-4//.
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Joseph Charles Arthur. 1907. UREDINALES; COLEOSPORIACEAE, UREDINACEAE, AECIDIACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 7(2). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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North American Flora

Melampsora lini ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Melampsora lini var. lini (l'epítet lini significa del lli) és un patogen de les plantes,especialment el seu hoste és l'espècie de lli silvestre anomenada Linum marginale.[1] Aquest fong també es fa servir en estudis de recerca científica especialment en l'estudi de la resistència de les plantes davent els seus fitopatògens. En l'enquesta feta el 2012 a 495 científics de tot el món, es considera que ocupa el desè lloc entre els fongs fitopatògens més importants del món.[2]

Referències

Enllaços externs

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Melampsora lini: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

добавил wikipedia CA

Melampsora lini var. lini (l'epítet lini significa del lli) és un patogen de les plantes,especialment el seu hoste és l'espècie de lli silvestre anomenada Linum marginale. Aquest fong també es fa servir en estudis de recerca científica especialment en l'estudi de la resistència de les plantes davent els seus fitopatògens. En l'enquesta feta el 2012 a 495 científics de tot el món, es considera que ocupa el desè lloc entre els fongs fitopatògens més importants del món.

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Melampsora lini ( англиски )

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Melampsora lini is a species of fungus and plant pathogen found in Ireland and commonly known as flax rust.[1]

Life cycle

The pathogen is an obligate biotroph meaning that each stage of its cycle is dependent on having a living host. The direction between reproducing sexually or asexually is dependent on the availability of a host.

Sexually, the life cycle starts when basidiospores land on flax leaves and form pycnium during December and through January.[2] Aecium are then formed from the pycnium after being fertilized with a pycniospore that is of a different mating type. Urediniospores and aeciospores then form pustules on the leaves that release more spores leading to further infection on neighboring leaves. Teliospores are then formed on the plants stem and undergo meiosis. Afterward, the teliospores shed haploid basidiospores repeating the cycle.

Asexually, the pathogen cycles between forming pustules and infecting surrounding leaves and plants. The pathogen is autoecious, meaning it completes its life cycle on a single plant. This is done purely through mitosis and produces genetically identical cells within the pustules.[3]

Hosts

The pathogen prefers an environment in the temperate plains or hills of the United Kingdom rather than in high altitude and cold conditions. Due to this, there is a higher prevalence of resistance seen in hosts in these more favorable environment compared to hosts seen in mountainous ranges.[4] This is primarily due to the fact that there is a higher evolutionary pressure placed on these plants. Those that can defend against the pathogen go on to reproduce and pass on the genes responsible for their immunity.

Symptoms and signs

Signs and symptoms of flax rust include:[5]

Signs

  • Light yellow to orange-yellow sori
  • Reddish-yellow to orange uredinia on leaves
  • Brown to black telia

All signs are uniform for the hosts of the pathogen stated before. The only difference is the amount of signs seen due to the varying leaf shapes of the plants.

Symptoms

  • Yellowing of leaves
  • Necrotic leaf spots

Symptoms are uniform for the hosts of the stated above. There is some variation in the amount of symptoms seen because of the amount of available host area infected by the pathogen.

Research

The pathogen itself is not known for being detrimental to farmers since it does not take away from the total yield. During the 1990s, the pathogen was used as a role model for the molecular basis of plant immunity. The majority of research worked on observing the pathogenicity of a variety of physiological races of the pathogen and the resistance and susceptibility of the "gene-for-gene" relationship and understanding the breakdown of resistance when using a single gene.[1] This led to the use of incorporating multiple resistance genes to ensure resistance persisted.

From the late 1980s to present, the focus of research shifted to more specific molecular studies. One major discovery included the cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins. These proteins help provide resistance against fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, insects, and parasitic plants. This was found through observing point mutations, re-assortment of mutation, and duplication and deletion of LRR units done by intragenic recombination in Australia in 2007.[3][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Nemri, Adnane; Saunders, Diane G. O.; Anderson, Claire; Upadhyaya, Narayana M.; Win, Joe; Lawrence, Gregory J.; Jones, David A.; Kamoun, Sophien; Ellis, Jeffrey G.; Dodds, Peter N. (2014). "The genome sequence and effector complement of the flax rust pathogen Melampsora lini". Frontiers in Plant Science. 5: 98. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00098. PMC 3970004. PMID 24715894.
  2. ^ "Life Cycle of Melampsora (With Diagram) | Fungi". Biology Discussion. 2016-11-28. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
  3. ^ a b Dean, Ralph; Van Kan, JAN A. L.; Pretorius, Zacharias A.; Hammond-Kosack, KIM E.; Di Pietro, Antonio; Spanu, Pietro D.; Rudd, Jason J.; Dickman, Marty; Kahmann, Regine; Ellis, Jeff; Foster, Gary D. (2012). "The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology". Molecular Plant Pathology. 13 (4): 414–430. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x. PMC 6638784. PMID 22471698.
  4. ^ Barrett, Luke G.; Thrall, Peter H.; Burdon, Jeremy J.; Nicotra, Adrienne B.; Linde, Celeste C. (2008). "Population structure and diversity in sexual and asexual populations of the pathogenic fungus Melampsora lini". Molecular Ecology. 17 (14): 3401–15. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03843.x. PMC 2653454. PMID 18573166.
  5. ^ "flax rust (Melampsora lini)". www.plantwise.org. Retrieved 2018-10-31.
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Melampsora lini: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Melampsora lini is a species of fungus and plant pathogen found in Ireland and commonly known as flax rust.

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Melampsora lini ( француски )

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Melampsora lini est une espèce de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des Melampsoraceae.

C'est un champignon phytopathogène responsable d'une maladie de « rouille » chez le lin cultivé (Linum usitatissimum). Cette rouille peut se traduire par une baisse du rendement en graines et par une réduction de la qualité des fibres.

Cette espèce de « rouille » a été pendant plusieurs décennies un « organisme modèle » pour des études génétiques de la virulence de ce pathogène. En particulier, des études menées par le phytopathologiste américain Harold Henry Flor (en) ont montré que des paires uniques de gènes allèles déterminent le phénotype de virulence/avirulence chez des lignées de la plante hôte possédant des gènes de résistance et ont conduit cet auteur à proposer la célèbre hypothèse de la relation « gène à gène »[2].

Notes et références

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Melampsora lini: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Melampsora lini est une espèce de champignons basidiomycètes de la famille des Melampsoraceae.

C'est un champignon phytopathogène responsable d'une maladie de « rouille » chez le lin cultivé (Linum usitatissimum). Cette rouille peut se traduire par une baisse du rendement en graines et par une réduction de la qualité des fibres.

Cette espèce de « rouille » a été pendant plusieurs décennies un « organisme modèle » pour des études génétiques de la virulence de ce pathogène. En particulier, des études menées par le phytopathologiste américain Harold Henry Flor (en) ont montré que des paires uniques de gènes allèles déterminent le phénotype de virulence/avirulence chez des lignées de la plante hôte possédant des gènes de résistance et ont conduit cet auteur à proposer la célèbre hypothèse de la relation « gène à gène ».

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Melampsora lini ( Szl )

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Melampsora lini je grzib. Melampsora lini nŏleży do zorty Melampsora i familije Melampsoraceae.[1][2]

Podgatōnki

Gatōnek sie dzieli na take podgatōnki:[1]

  • liniperda
  • lini

Przipisy

  1. 1,0 1,1 Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands., 2019. [dostymp 24 września 2012].
  2. Species Fungorum. Kirk P.M., 2010-11-23
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Melampsora lini: Brief Summary ( Szl )

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Melampsora lini je grzib. Melampsora lini nŏleży do zorty Melampsora i familije Melampsoraceae.

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