dcsimg

Vetigastropoda ( германски )

добавил wikipedia DE

Die Vetigastropoda sind eine Überordnung der Unterklasse Orthogastropoda innerhalb der Schnecken. Bekannte Gruppen der Vetigastropoda sind die Schlitzbandschnecken (Pleurotomariidae) und die Seeohren (Haliotidae).

Definition

Ponder und Lindberg (1997) listen sechs apomorphe Merkmale der Vetigastropoda auf, die die Monophylie der Gruppe begründen:

  • epipodiale Sinnesorgane
  • papillate Tentakeln
  • Verdauungsdrüsen
  • Lage der Nieren
  • mehrere Statokonien (Teile der Gleichgewichtsorgane)
  • Vorhandensein von besonderen Kiemensäckchen (Bursikel)

Systematik

Die Umfang bzw. die Anzahl der Überfamilien innerhalb der Vetigastropoda ist noch nicht ganz gesichert. Bouchet und Rocroi listen 12 Überfamilien auf sowie drei Familien, die sie keiner der Überfamilien zuordnen konnten.

die folgende Überfamilie wird von manchen Autoren auch als Ordnung oder Unterordnung zu den Orthogastropoda gestellt.

Die folgende Überfamilie wird von manchen Autoren als Ordnung Neomphalida zu den Eogastropoda gestellt.

Literatur

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. In: Malacologia. 47: 239–283, Ann Arbor 2005
  • Winston Ponder & David Lindberg: Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 119: 83–265, London 1997

Weblinks

 src=
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
 title=
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia DE

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( германски )

добавил wikipedia DE

Die Vetigastropoda sind eine Überordnung der Unterklasse Orthogastropoda innerhalb der Schnecken. Bekannte Gruppen der Vetigastropoda sind die Schlitzbandschnecken (Pleurotomariidae) und die Seeohren (Haliotidae).

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia DE

Vetigastropoda ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

The fossil vetigastropod Discohelix tunisiensis from the Matmor Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Israel.

Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005.

Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods,[3] and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure.[4] Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems.[5]

Description

Vetigastropods range in size from approximately 0.08 in (2 mm) long in the case of Scissurelloidea or Skeneoidea, to more than 11.8 in (300 mm) in length, as with the Haliotoidea. External colours and patterns are typically drab, but such groups as the Tricolioidea and some Trochoidea and Pleurotomarioidea have bright colours and glossy shells. The clade is characterized by having an intersected crossed platy shell structure.[4]

Shells range from elongate turret-shaped structures, to near-spherical. Shell sculpture varies greatly from simple concentric growth lines, which may or may not be barely visible on the shell surface, to heavy radial and axial ribbing. The shell aperture is normally oval, and often tangential to the coiling axis. Most species have an operculum (a small lid-like organ). Within the shell, Vetigastropods have a single pair of cephalic tentacles, and a distinct snout containing the mouth. The lateral sides of the body typically have sensory epipodial tentacles.[6]

Distribution

Vetigastropods are found throughout all oceans of the world, including tropical areas, temperate regions, and under polar ice.

Habitat

Vetigastropods are present in most marine environments from intertidal zones to the deep sea. They exist on rocky substrates, in soft sediments, and some have been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.

Behaviour

Most vetigastropods are dioecious, although some deep-sea varieties are hermaphrodites. Vetigastropods usually eject their gametes directly into the sea for fertilization, thus there is no courtship or mating between individuals for most species.

Diet

Vetigastropods typically feed on such organisms as bryozoans, tunicates, and sponges. Several species such as Haliotoidea and Trochoidea have evolved to feed directly on such plant material as algae and marine angiosperms. Deep-sea vetigastropods typically consume sediment.[7]

Reproduction

Vetigastropods normally have very small eggs that produce lecithotrophic (yolk feeding) or non-feeding larvae. Many vetigastropods secrete egg envelopes and have glandular pallial structures that produce masses of jelly-coated eggs.

Larger species typically have yearly cycles of spawning, and produce millions of eggs per reproductive season. Smaller species produce fewer eggs, but can spawn year round.

Taxonomy

The Vetigastropoda have been referred to as a superorder as recently as at least 2007, by M. Harzhauser[8] and in 2005 by D. Heidelberger and L. Koch[9] following Ponder & Lindberg, 1997, although Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 refer to this group simply as a clade, leaving taxonomic determination as a future option. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) follows Bouchet & Rocroi regarding the taxonomic content of the Gastropoda but gives ranks to the higher taxa and defines Vetigastropoda as a subclass. [10]

Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 treats the Vetigastropoda as a major clade and as a sister clade to the Caenogastropoda but includes the Vetigastropoda in what are referred to as Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda. Ponder & Lindberg, 1997 previously assigned the Vetigastropoda, as a superorder, to the Subclass Orthogastropoda. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this taxon is one of the four natural groups within the Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Patellogastropoda, and Heterobranchia. Research on the mitochondrial genome arrangement has shown that the Vetigastropoda (and Caenogastropoda) mostly retain the ancestral gene arrangement.[11]

Superfamilies

Superfamilies within the Vetigastropoda include:

References

  1. ^ Frýda, Jiří (1997). "Oldest Representatives of the Superfamily Cirroidea (Vetigastropoda) with Notes on Early Phylogeny". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (5): 839–847. doi:10.1017/s0022336000035782. JSTOR 1306561. S2CID 130637321.
  2. ^ Geiger, D.L.; Nützel, A.; Sasaki, T. (2008). "Vetigastropoda". In Ponder, W.F.; Lindberg, D.R. (eds.). Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. University of California Press. pp. 297–330. ISBN 9780520250925.
  3. ^ Robertson, R. (2003). "The edible West Indian "whelk" Cittarium pica (Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 153 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0027:TEWIWC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86363886.
  4. ^ a b Hedegaard, C. (1997). "Shell structures of the recent Vetigastropoda". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 63 (3): 369–377. doi:10.1093/mollus/63.3.369. ISSN 1464-3766.
  5. ^ Salvini-Plawen, L.; Haszprunar, G. (1987). "The Vetigastropoda and the Systematics of Streptoneurous Gastropoda (Mollusca)". Journal of Zoology (London). 211 (4): 747–770. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04485.x.
  6. ^ Haszprunar, G. (1993). "Sententia: The Archaeogastropoda: A Clade, a Grade, or What Else?". American Malacological Union Bulletin. 10: 165–177.
  7. ^ Hickman, C. S. (1988). "Archaeogastropod Evolution, Phylogeny and Systematics: A Re-Evaluation". Malacological Review. Supplement 4: 17–34.
  8. ^ Harzhauser, M. (2007). "Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 280: 75–121. doi:10.1127/pala/280/2007/75.
  9. ^ Heidelberger, D.; Koch, L. (2005). "Gastropoda from the Givetian "Massenkalk" of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Saureland, Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge, Germany)". Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband. 4: 1–107.
  10. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Gastropoda. World Register of Marine Species
  11. ^ Grande C., Templado J. & Zardoya R. (2008). "Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 61. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-61. PMC 2291457. PMID 18302768.
  12. ^ Williams, S. T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. (2008). "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta. 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x. S2CID 84570997.
  13. ^ taxonomy. "ErrorTaxonomy object not found". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
  14. ^ a b Aktipis, Stephanie W.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other "archaeogastropods": re-organizing old gastropod clades" (PDF). Invertebrate Biology. 129 (3): 220–240. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia authors and editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia EN

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN
The fossil vetigastropod Discohelix tunisiensis from the Matmor Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Israel.

Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005.

Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods, and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure. Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia authors and editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia EN

Vetigastropoda ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

Vetigastropoda es un importante y antiguo grupo taxonómico de gasterópodos marinos. No existe un consenso claro sobre que tipo de clasificación taxonómica representa, por lo que en el consenso de 2005 se lo menciona como un clado sin clasificar.

Se considera que los vetigasterópodos están entre los gasterópodos más primitivos.[2]​ Se distribuyen extensamente en todos los océanos del mundo, sus hábitats van desde el mar profundo hasta la zona intermareal. Muchos tienen conchas con ranuras u otras aberturas secundarias. Una de sus características principales es la presencia de una estructura laminar cruzada en la concha. La mayoría de los vetigasterópodos tienen cierta asimetría bilateral de sus sistemas de órganos.[3]

Características físicas

 src=
Fósil de Discohelix tunisiensis, un vetigasterópodo de la Formación Matmor (Jurásico Medio) del sudeste de Israel.

Varían en tamaño desde unos 2 mm de largo (Scissurelloidea o Skeneoidea) a más de 300 mm (Haliotoidea). Los colores y patrones externos suelen ser monótonos, pero algunos grupos —como Tricolioidea y algunos Trochoidea y Pleurotomarioidea— tienen conchas de colores brillantes. Se caracterizan por tener una estructura laminar cruzada en la concha.[4]

La forma de la concha varía desde estructuras alargadas en forma de torre hasta casi esféricas. Algunas especies poseen líneas de crecimiento concéntricas simples apenas visibles en la superficie, mientras que otras presentan gruesas nervaduras axiales y radiales. La abertura es normalmente ovalada y a menudo tangente al eje de enrollamiento. La mayoría de las especies poseen un opérculo (pequeño órgano con forma de tapa). Dentro de la concha, los vetigasterópodos tienen un solo par de tentáculos cefálicos y una extremidad diferente que contiene la boca. Típicamente tienen tentáculos sensoriales epipodiales a los lados.[5]

Hábitat y distribución geográfica

Se encuentran en todos los océanos del mundo, incluyendo áreas tropicales, regiones templadas y bajo el hielo polar. Están presentes en la mayoría de los ambientes marinos, desde las zonas intermareales hasta el mar profundo. Existen en sustratos rocosos, en sedimentos suaves y algunos se han encontrado en las fuentes hidrotermales de aguas profundas y las emanaciones frías.[cita requerida]

Alimentación

Generalmente, se alimentan de organismos tales como briozoos, tunicados y esponjas, aunque las superfamilias Haliotoidea y Trochoidea evolucionaron para alimentarse directamente de material vegetal, tales como algas y angiospermas marinos. Los vetigasterópodos de aguas profundas suelen consumir sedimentos.[6]

Taxonomía

No existe un consenso claro sobre la clasificación taxonómica de Vetigastropoda. Para algunos autores, que siguen los lineamientos de Ponder y Lindberg (1997), es un superorden. Entre ellos se encuentran Mathias Harzhauser (2007),[7]Doris Heidelberger y Lutz Koch (2005).[8]​ Mientras que la obra de Bouchet y Rocroi (2005) lo clasifica como un simple clado, dejando la cuestión de la determinación taxonómica para el futuro. El Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas (WoRMS) sigue a Bouchet y Rocroi con respecto al contenido taxonómico de los Gastropoda, pero da filas a los taxones superiores y define Vetigastropoda como una subclase.[9]

Ponder y Lindberg (1997) consideran a Vetigastropoda como un superorden de la subclase Orthogastropoda.[10]​ Mientras que Bouchet y Rocroi (2005) lo tratan como un clado mayor, hermano de Caenogastropoda; pero incluyéndolo en lo que se conoce como «taxones basales que son sin duda Gastropoda».[11]

El análisis filogenético indica que este taxón es uno de los cuatro grupos naturales dentro de Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Patellogastropoda y Heterobranchia. La investigación sobre el ordenamiento del genoma mitocondrial ha demostrado que los vetigasterópodos y los cenogasterópodos conservan, en su mayoría, la disposición génica ancestral.[12]

Subtaxones

Según el Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas, Vetigastropoda se compone de los siguientes clados:[9]

sinónimo: Trachysmatidae Thiele, 1925

Véase también

Referencias

  1. Oldest Representatives of the Superfamily Cirroidea (Vetigastropoda) with Notes on Early Phylogeny (en inglés) 71. pp. 839-847. JSTOR 1306561. doi:10.2307/1306561.
  2. Robertson, R. (2003). «The edible West Indian "whelk" Cittarium pica (Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations». Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (en inglés) (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) 153 (1): 27-47. ISSN 0097-3157. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0027:TEWIWC]2.0.CO;2. Archivado desde el original el 2 de marzo de 2012. Consultado el 17 de enero de 2017.
  3. Salvini-Plawen, L.; Haszprunar, G. (1987). «The Vetigastropoda and the Systematics of Streptoneurous Gastropoda (Mollusca)». Journal of Zoology (London) (en inglés) 211 (4): 747-770. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04485.x.
  4. Hedegaard, C. (1997). «Shell structures of the recent Vetigastropoda». Journal of Molluscan Studies (en inglés) (Londres, Reino Unido: Malacological Society of London) 63 (3): 369-377. ISSN 1464-3766. doi:10.1093/mollus/63.3.369.
  5. Haszprunar, G. (1993). «The Archaeogastropoda: A Clade, a Grade, or What Else?». American Malacological Union Bulletin (en inglés) 10: 165-177.
  6. Hickman, C. S. (1988). «Archaeogastropod Evolution, Phylogeny and Systematics: A Re-Evaluation». Malacological Review (en inglés). suplemento 4: 17-34.
  7. Harzhauser, Mathias (2007). «Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific». Palaeontographica Abteilung A (en inglés) 280: 75-121.
  8. Heidelberger, Doris; Koch, Lutz (2005). «Gastropoda from the Givetian "Massenkalk" of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Saureland, Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge, Germany)». Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband (en inglés) 4: 1-107.
  9. a b Gofas, Serge (13 de abril de 2009). «Vetigastropoda». Registro Mundial de Especies Marinas (en inglés). Consultado el 17 de enero de 2017.
  10. Ponder, Winston F.; Lindberg, David R. (1997). «Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters». Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (en inglés) (Londres, Reino Unido) 119 (2): 83-2651. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x.
  11. Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre (2005). «Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families». Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (en inglés) (Ann Arbor) 47 (1-2): 239-283. ISSN 0076-2997.
  12. Grande, Cristina; Templado, José; Zardoya, Rafael (2008). «Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements». BMC Evolutionary Biology (en inglés) 8 (1): 61. PMC 2291457. PMID 18302768. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-61.
  13. Williams, Suzanne T.; Karube, Satoshi; Ozawa, Tomowo (9 de junio de 2008). «Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined». Zoologica Scripta (en inglés) 37 (5): 483-506. ISSN 0300-3256. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x.

 title=
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia ES

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

Vetigastropoda es un importante y antiguo grupo taxonómico de gasterópodos marinos. No existe un consenso claro sobre que tipo de clasificación taxonómica representa, por lo que en el consenso de 2005 se lo menciona como un clado sin clasificar.

Se considera que los vetigasterópodos están entre los gasterópodos más primitivos.​ Se distribuyen extensamente en todos los océanos del mundo, sus hábitats van desde el mar profundo hasta la zona intermareal. Muchos tienen conchas con ranuras u otras aberturas secundarias. Una de sus características principales es la presencia de una estructura laminar cruzada en la concha. La mayoría de los vetigasterópodos tienen cierta asimetría bilateral de sus sistemas de órganos.​

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia ES

Vetigastropoda ( француски )

добавил wikipedia FR
 src=
Fossile du Vetigastropoda : Discohelix tunisiensis (Jurassique, Palestine).

Les Vetigastropoda ou Vetigastéropodes sont un ordre des Archaeogastropoda ou, selon les malacologistes, un clade de mollusques de la classe des gastéropodes.

Caractéristiques

 src=
Exemple de Vetigastropoda vivant : un turban tapissé (Turbo petholatus, un Trochoidea), aux Maldives.

Les Vetigastéropodes constituent un groupe taxonomique important des escargots de mer qui forme une très ancienne lignée. De nombreuses espèces ont la coquille percée d'ouvertures secondaires (par exemple les ormeaux), et un corps asymétrique, émergeant d'une ouverture généralement ovale. Les vetigastéropodes ont une unique paire de tentacules céphaliques, souvent secondés par des tentacules sensoriels épipidiaux, et un « museau » distinct, contenant la bouche : la plupart sont herbivores, ou consommateurs d'animaux primitifs fixes (éponges, bryozoaires, tuniciers). Le caractère qui détermine ce groupe est cependant à trouver dans la structure interne de la coquille.

Les Vetigastropodes sont considérés comme étant parmi les plus primitifs des gastéropodes encore en vie. Ils sont largement répartis dans tous les océans du monde. Leurs habitats vont de la mer profonde aux zones d'estran.

Taxonomie

Selon World Register of Marine Species (24 octobre 2014)[1] :

Voir aussi

Liens internes

Notes et références

  1. World Register of Marine Species, consulté le 24 octobre 2014
  2. Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506.
  3. taxonomy, « ErrorTaxonomy object not found », Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (consulté le 28 septembre 2013)
  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia FR

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( француски )

добавил wikipedia FR
 src= Fossile du Vetigastropoda : Discohelix tunisiensis (Jurassique, Palestine).

Les Vetigastropoda ou Vetigastéropodes sont un ordre des Archaeogastropoda ou, selon les malacologistes, un clade de mollusques de la classe des gastéropodes.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia FR

Vetigastropoda ( италијански )

добавил wikipedia IT

Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1980 è una delle sei sottoclassi in cui vengono attualmente suddivisi i molluschi della classe dei Gasteropodi.[1]

Descrizione

I Vetigastropoda sono caratterizzati da una struttura a conchiglia lamellare incrociata, caratteristica tassonomica che si suppone essere plesiomorfa. Sono considerati tra i gasteropodi viventi più primitivi.[2]

Esistono significative variazioni morfologiche, ecologiche e comportamentali tra i vetigastropodi. I tratti morfologici caratteristici dei vetigastropodi variano, ma la presenza di borsicoli (un tipo di organo sensoriale che si trova sulle branchie) e tentacoli epipodiali con organi di senso epipodiale alla base, sono attualmente considerati due sinapomorfismi ben documentati del gruppo. Queste caratteristiche, tuttavia, sono assenti o ridotte in alcuni taxa di vetigastropodi, vale a dire alcuni fissurellidi e lepetodrilidi. La presenza di madreperla e la presenza di una fessura o di un buco di conchiglia sono state considerate da alcuni sinapomorfie aggiuntive, anche se si perdono secondariamente in molte specie.Queste discrepanze morfologiche hanno reso difficile determinare le relazioni tra questi gruppi.[3]

Come detto i Vetigastropoda presentano una grande varietà di forme di conchiglie tra cui patelle, tipi conici e trochiformi e possono anche avere fessure o buchi nelle conchiglie. Le specie sono distribuite in tutti i mari del mondo a profondità che vanno dal basso intertidale roccioso al mare profondo.[4]

Tassonomia

La prima definizione dei Vetigastropoda venne effettuata nel 1980 dallo zoologo austriaco Luitfried Salvini-Plawen. Successivamente la classificazione di questo taxa è cambiata varie volte. Nella classificazione dei gasteropodi di Ponder & Lindberg (1997) vennero considerati un Superordine, poi nella successiva rivisitazione della tassonomia effettuata dai francesi Philippe Bouchet e Jean-Pierre Rocroi nel 2005 furono considerati un clade. Nel 2017 la classificazione di Bouchet & Rocroi del 2005 è stata sottoposta a una radicale revisione che ha portato alla reintroduzione dei tradizionali ranghi linneani al posto di cladi e gruppi informali. In questa nuova classificazione i Vetigastropoda ricoprono il rango di una delle sei sottoclassi che compongono la classe Gastropoda. A questa nuova versione della classificazione si attengono attualmente (2020) i database MolluscaBase e World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), secondo il quale i Vetigastropoda comprendono i seguenti ordini:[1]

Al gruppo appartiene anche una superfamiglia Vetigastropoda non assegnata a nessun ordine con relative famiglie:[5]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Vetigastropoda, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.
  2. ^ Claus Hedegaard, Op. citata, pag. 369-375.
  3. ^ Stephanie W. Aktipisa and Gonzalo Giribet, A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re‐organizing old gastropod clades, in Invertebrate Biology, 129(3), 2010, p. 220–240, DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x.
  4. ^ Stephanie W. Aktipis, Gonzalo Giribet, Testing relationships among the vetigastropod taxa: a molecular approach, in Journal of Molluscan Studies, vol. 78, n. 1, 2012, p. 12–27.
  5. ^ (EN) unassigned Vetigastropoda, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.

Bibliografia

 title=
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia IT

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( италијански )

добавил wikipedia IT

Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1980 è una delle sei sottoclassi in cui vengono attualmente suddivisi i molluschi della classe dei Gasteropodi.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia IT

Vetigastropoda ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

De Vetigastropoda is een clade binnen de Gastropoda. Binnen deze groep worden een aantal superfamilies ingedeeld vanwege de apomorfe kenmerken.

Taxonomie

De volgende taxa zijn bij de clade ingedeeld op basis van de taxonomie van Bouchet en Rocroi[1] aangevuld met recente bronnen:

Opmerking: De superfamilie Turbinoidea is in 2008 gesplitst in de superfamilies Trochoidea and Phasianelloidea.[5]

Indeling volgens WoRMS

De volgende taxa zijn bij de onderklasse ingedeeld:

En families die niet in een superfamilie zijn ingedeeld:

En geslachten die niet in een familie zijn ingedeeld:

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P., Frýda, J., Hausdorf, B., Ponder, W., Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. (2005) Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families; Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology; issue =1-2; ConchBooks; Hackenheim, Germany; issn = 0076-2997; pages =1–397; isbn = 3925919724; volume = 47
  2. Hickman, C. S. (2013) Crosseolidae, a new family of skeneiform microgastropods and progress toward definition of monophyletic Skeneidae. American Malacological Bulletin. 31(1): 1-16.
  3. Warén A. & Bouchet P. (2001) Gastropoda and Monoplacophora from hydrothermal vents and seeps new taxa and records. The Veliger 44(2): 116-231
  4. Wenz, W. (1938–1944) Teil 1 : Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia (In : O.H. Schindewolf (ed.), Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6, Gastropoda). Berlin: Borntraeger. pp. 1–1639.
  5. a b c d Williams, S. T., Karube, S. & Ozawa, T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506. DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=216267&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia NL

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

De Vetigastropoda is een clade binnen de Gastropoda. Binnen deze groep worden een aantal superfamilies ingedeeld vanwege de apomorfe kenmerken.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia NL

Vetigastropoda ( норвешки )

добавил wikipedia NO

Vetigastropoda er en marin gruppe med snegler, som danner en svært gammel linje. Taksonomisk har Vetigastropoda ofte blitt betraktet som en orden, men ifølge WoRMS er dette en underklasse i klassen Gastropoda (snegler).[2] Vetigastropoda ble først beskrevet av Salvini-Plawen i 1980.[1]

Vetigastropoder regnes som de mest primitive blant bløtdyrene, og artene er distribuert i alle verdenshavene. Habitatet varierer fra dyphavet til tidevannssonen. Skjellene varierer i størrelse fra 2 til 300 mm og i form.

Inndeling

Disse artene har i tradisjonell systematikk blitt plassert i gruppen forgjellesnegler (Prosobranchia). Forgjellesnegler er imidlertid ei parafyletisk gruppe, som i nyere systematikk har blitt splittet opp i andre grupperinger. WoRMS deler Vetigastropoda inn i 13 overfamilier, hvorav tre er utdødde.[2]

Treliste

Kilder

  • Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (J. Fryda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder, A. Valdés og A. Warén ) 2005. Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families. Malacologia (vol. 47) 1-2. side 1-397.

Referanser

  1. ^ a b Salvini-Plawen L. (1980). A reconsideration of systematic in the Mollusca (Phylogeny and higher classification). Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology 19 (2): 249-278 page(s): 261
  2. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2009). Vetigastropoda. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=156485 on 2017-11-09

Eksterne lenker


zoologistubbDenne zoologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den.
Det finnes mer utfyllende artikkel/artikler på .
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia NO

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( норвешки )

добавил wikipedia NO

Vetigastropoda er en marin gruppe med snegler, som danner en svært gammel linje. Taksonomisk har Vetigastropoda ofte blitt betraktet som en orden, men ifølge WoRMS er dette en underklasse i klassen Gastropoda (snegler). Vetigastropoda ble først beskrevet av Salvini-Plawen i 1980.

Vetigastropoder regnes som de mest primitive blant bløtdyrene, og artene er distribuert i alle verdenshavene. Habitatet varierer fra dyphavet til tidevannssonen. Skjellene varierer i størrelse fra 2 til 300 mm og i form.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia forfattere og redaktører
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia NO

Vetigastropoda ( португалски )

добавил wikipedia PT

Vetigastropoda é um clado da classe Gastropoda.[1]

Taxonomia

Ponder & Lindberg (1997) classificaram Vetigastropoda como uma superordem dentro da subclasse Orthogastropoda, contendo 6 superfamílias: Fissurelloidea, Haliotoidea, Lepetodriloidea, Pleurotomarioidea, Seguenzioidea e Trochoidea.[2] Em 2005, Bouchet & Rocroi reclassificaram Vetigastropoda como um clado dentro da classe Gastropoda, contendo 14 superfamílias e três famílias de posição incerta não pertencentes a nenhuma superfamília proposta.[1] Em 2008, Williams e colaboradores redefiniram a superfamília Trochoidea, que passou a incluir a Turbinoidea, e criaram mais duas superfamílias, Angarioidea e Phasianelloidea.[3] A superfamília Neomphaloidea, incluída em Vetigastropoda por Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), foi excluída para um clado próprio, Neomphalina, com posição incerta dentro da Gastropoda.[4][5]

Análises filogenéticas indicam que este clado seja um dos quatro grupos naturais dentro do Gastropoda (Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Patellogastropoda e Heterobranchia). A pesquisa sobre a disposição do genoma mitocondrial mostrou que a Vetigastropoda (e Caenogastropoda) retêm majoritariamente a disposição genética ancestral.[6]

Sistemática de Vetigastropoda:[1][3][7][8]

Referências

  1. a b c Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997.
  2. Ponder W. & Lindberg D. R. (1997). "Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 119(2): 83-265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x
  3. a b Williams S. T., Karube S., Ozawa T. (2008). "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x.
  4. McArthur, A.G. & B.F. Koop. 1999. Partial 28S rDNA sequences and the antiquity of hydrothermal vent endemic gastropods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 13, 255-274.
  5. Aktipis, S.W.; Giribet, G. (2010). A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades. Invertebrate Biology 129 (3): 220-240.
  6. Grande C., Templado J. & Zardoya R. (2008). «Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements». BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 61. PMC . PMID 18302768. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-61
  7. Hickman C.S. (2013) Crosseolidae, a new family of skeneiform microgastropods and progress toward definition of monophyletic Skeneidae. American Malacological Bulletin 31(1): 1-16.
  8. Gründel, J. 2008: Remarks to the classification and phylogeny of the Ataphridae Cossmann, 1915 (Gastropoda, Archaeogastropoda) in the Jurassic. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 250: 177-197.
 title=
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia PT

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( португалски )

добавил wikipedia PT

Vetigastropoda é um clado da classe Gastropoda.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia PT

Vetigastropoda ( виетнамски )

добавил wikipedia VI

Vetigastropoda là một phân lớp lớn của một số loài ốc biển. Theo phân loại Động vật chân bụng (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), Vetigastropoda là một nhánh chính trong lớp Gastropoda[1].

Phân bố

Vetigastropods phân bố khắp các đại dương trên thế giới, bao gồm các vùng nhiệt đới, ôn đới và dưới băng cực.

Phân loại

Các siêu họ

Các siêu họ trong Vetigastropoda bao gồm:

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Bản mẫu:Bouchet 2005
  2. ^ Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
  3. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=216267&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock

Tham khảo

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Vetigastropoda  src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Vetigastropoda
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia VI

Vetigastropoda: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

добавил wikipedia VI

Vetigastropoda là một phân lớp lớn của một số loài ốc biển. Theo phân loại Động vật chân bụng (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), Vetigastropoda là một nhánh chính trong lớp Gastropoda.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia VI

古腹足類 ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科
Confusion grey.svg 提示:本条目的主题不是原始腹足類

古腹足類學名Vetigastropoda )在1997年的分類作古腹足总目,原來是原始腹足目的成員。根據布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)基本上包括了各種笠螺

分類

根據M. Harzhauser (2007)[1]及依從1997年《旁得和林德伯格的腹足類分類》的D. Heidelberger and L. Koch (2005)[2]都視古腹足類這個支序被視為一個總目級的分類單元,但2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》為免在分類單元的層級上爭議,把總科以上的分類單元都視為支序,以留待日後再修訂。

1997年分類

在1997年《旁得和林德伯格的腹足類分類》,古腹足類是一個總目級分類單元,屬於直腹足亞綱。當時的系统发生学分析顯示古腹足類是腹足綱的四個自然群組之一:其餘三個群組有新進腹足類笠形腹足類異鰓類。研究是基於各物種的線粒體l基因組的排列。這個排列還顯示古腹足類和新進腹足類保持有最多始祖的基因排列[3]

2005年分類

2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》將古腹足類視作腹足綱的一個主要支序來看待,與新進腹足類成為姊妹支序的關係。本支序的總科計有16個(連同只有化石種的總科)[4][5],分別如下:

2017年分類

根據2017年的最新分類,本分類單元之下原來的16個總科經合併和重整後,現時被分為下列四個目[11]

另外尚有一個化石科未有歸屬於任何一個目,以及有一個屬地位未定

參考文獻

  1. ^ Harzhauser, M. Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific. Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 2007, 280: 75–121.
  2. ^ Heidelberger, D.; Koch, L. Gastropoda from the Givetian "Massenkalk" of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Saureland, Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge, Germany). Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband. 2005, 4: 1–107.
  3. ^ Grande C., Templado J. & Zardoya R. Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2008, 8 (1): 61. PMC 2291457. PMID 18302768. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-61.
  4. ^ Gofas, S. Vetigastropoda. 世界海洋物种目录(庫存版本). [2018-01-30]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-13).
  5. ^ Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  6. ^ Williams, S. T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta. 2008, 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x.
  7. ^ taxonomy. ErrorTaxonomy object not found. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2013-09-28].
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". Invertebrate Biology 129(3): 220-240 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x.
  9. ^ Williams, Suzanne T. Advances in molecular systematics of the vetigastropod superfamily Trochoidea. Zoologica Scripta. 2012-06-19, 41 (6): 571–595 [2018-01-30]. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00552.x (英语).
  10. ^ Gofas, S. Trochoidea. World Register of Marine Species. 2013 [2018-01-30].
  11. ^ Gofas, S. Vetigastropoda. World Register of Marine Species. [2018-01-30].
  12. ^ Bouchet, Philippe. Lepetellida. World Register of Marine Species. [2018-01-30].
  13. ^ WoRMS. Fissurelloidea. World Register of Marine Species. [2018-01-30].
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
维基百科作者和编辑
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia 中文维基百科

古腹足類: Brief Summary ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科
Confusion grey.svg 提示:本条目的主题不是原始腹足類

古腹足類(學名:Vetigastropoda )在1997年的分類作古腹足总目,原來是原始腹足目的成員。根據布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)基本上包括了各種笠螺

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
维基百科作者和编辑
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia 中文维基百科

고복족류 ( корејски )

добавил wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

 src= 고복족류(高腹足類, Hypsogastropoda)에 대해서는 고복족류 (신생복족류) 문서를 참고하십시오.

고복족류(古腹足類)는 바다 달팽이해양 복족류 연체동물이 속해있는 주요 계통군 중의 하나이다. 이 부류는 매우 먼 진화 계통에 속한다. 현재, 2005년의 부쉐 & 로크루아 분류에서 고복족류는 주요 계통 분기군 중의 하나이다.[1]

고복족류는 현존하는 가장 원시적인 복족류에 속하는 것으로 간주되고 있으며[2], 세계의 모든 해양에서 널리 분포하고 있다. 이들은 심해부터 조간대(潮間帶)까지 서식한다. 대부분의 조가비는 슬릿 또는 기타 보조 입을 가지고 있다. 이들의 주요 특징으로 교차하는 열십자 모양의 평평한 조가비 구조가 있다.[3] 대부분의 복족류는 좌우 비대칭 기관을 일부 지니고 있다.[4]

하위 분류

각주

  1. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.; Frýda J.; Hausdorf B.; Ponder W.; Valdés Á.; Warén A. (2005). “복족류 분류 (부쉐 & 로크루아, 2005년)”. 《Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology》 (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997.
  2. Robertson, R. (2003). “The edible West Indian "whelk” Cittarium pica (Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations”. 《Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia》 (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia) 153 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0027:TEWIWC]2.0.CO;2. 2012년 3월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 10월 15일에 확인함.
  3. Hedegaard, C. (1997). (Abstract) “Shell structures of the recent Vetigastropoda” |url= 값 확인 필요 (도움말). 《Journal of Molluscan Studies》 (UK: Malacological Society of London) 63 (3): 369–377. doi:10.1093/mollus/63.3.369. ISSN 1464-3766.
  4. Salvini-Plawen, L., and G. Haszprunar. "The Vetigastropoda and the Systematics of Streptoneurous Gastropoda (Mollusca)." Journal of Zoology (London) 211 (1987): 747–770.
  5. Williams S. T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (September 2008) "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta 37(5): 483-506. doi 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

Classification ( англиски )

добавил World Register of Marine Species
Established as a suborder of the order Archaeogastropoda, containing the superfamilies Macluritoidea, Pleurotomarioidea, Cocculinoidea, Trochoidea, and ?Murchisonioidea. Used by Ponder & Lindberg (1997: 185) for an unranked clade containing Fissurelloidea, Seguenzioidea, Trochoidea, Lepetelloidea, Bellerophontoidea, Pleurotomarioidea, Haliotoidea, Scissurelloidea, and Lepetodriloidea (but not Peltospiridae, Neomphalidae, and Melanodrymia). Vetigastropoda would be rendered paraphyletic if Colgan et al. (2003) are correct in proposing Patellogastropoda as a derived clade of some Vetigastropoda. There has been much recent movement around Vetigastropod phylogeny, especially Kano (2008: Zoologica Scripta 37, 1-21) and Wiilliams, Karube & Ozawa (2008: Zoologica Scripta 37, 483-506). Their conclusions should be followed, some of them were already foreseen in Bouchet & Warén (2005). Mainly, the distribution of traditional Trochoideans in families and subfamilies may be updated with these results.
лиценца
cc-by-4.0
авторски права
WoRMS Editorial Board
учесник
Gofas, Serge [email]
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
World Register of Marine Species