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Comprehensive Description ( англиски )

добавил Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Octopus fangsiao etchuanus (Sasaki, 1929)

DIAGNOSIS.—With the characters of O. f. typicus, below, except as follows: mantle wide (MWI approximately 100); ligula moderate in size (LLI 8–10), HASC 89–90; eggs moderate to large, capsule 13 mm long. Mantle granulose; circumocular papillae subequal in size.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION.—Sasaki, 1929:53, pl. 3: figs. 19, 20, pl. 10: figs. 4–10.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Western North Pacific Ocean, Japan, Toyama Prefecture.

TYPES.—Syntypes: ACS, 8 males, 6 females, 43–70 mm ML.

DISTRIBUTION.—Japan, Okayama Prefecture, Nagasaki, Toyama Prefecture.
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Voss, N. A. and Sweeney, M. J. 1998. "Systematics and Biogeography of cephalopods. Volume II." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 277-599. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.586.277
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Comprehensive Description ( англиски )

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Octopus ocellatus Gray, 1849

DIAGNOSIS.—Animal small to medium-sized (35 mm ML). Mantle narrower than long (MWI 80), widest in posterior ; neck slightly constricted; head narrower than mantle (HWI 60). Funnel organ W-shaped, inner and outer limbs subequal in length. Arms long (ALI 84), stout basally, slender distally, arm formula III = IV > II > I. Suckers moderate in size (SIn 11); 1 or 2 especially enlarged suckers on arms II and III (SIe 17.4) of males. Right arm III of males hectocotylized (FAI 77); ligula short (LLI 6.8), slender, with narrow, shallow groove; calamus large (CLI 32), HASC 91. Web shallow to moderate (WDI 19), web formula E > C = D > B > A. Gill lamellae 7. Penis small to moderate in length (PLI 20), curved. Surfaces of mantle, head, and arms covered with closely spaced papillae, flattened posteriorly but more projecting anteriorly; papillae also on dorsal side only of arms; 2 supraocular papillae on each side of head. Ventrally, papillae on each side of funnel extend to base of dorsal surface of arms IV; few small papillae on ventrolateral corner of mantle. Color in preservation (ethanol) light brownish with dark longitudinal bands. Four full bands on mantle with weak band at corner of mantle aperture and below eyes; 5 bands across length of head, 1 each across eye; 3 bands on base of arms, 1 central band divided anteriorly; 1 dark band on dorsal side of each arm. Ocellus present about halfway between eye and sector C of web; ocellus consists of dark central spot surrounded by clear narrow ring enclosed in turn by dark outer ring; indistinct orange brown area between and slightly posterior to eyes.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION.—Gray, 1849:15.

TYPE LOCALITY.—“China Seas” [sic].

TYPE.—Holotype: BMNH 1928.12.6.5, male, 35 mm ML.

DISTRIBUTION.—Due to the confusion concerning the ocellated octopods, the distribution outside of Japan and China is unknown.
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Voss, N. A. and Sweeney, M. J. 1998. "Systematics and Biogeography of cephalopods. Volume II." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 277-599. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.586.277
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Comprehensive Description ( англиски )

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Octopus brocki Ortmann, 1888

DIAGNOSIS.—Animal medium-sized (53 mm ventral ML). Mantle oval (37 mm MW); head short and narrow (21 mm HW). Arms subequal, slender, about twice as long as body. Proximal 5 to 6 suckers uniserial, suckers become biserial distally; 5th and 6th suckers on arms II and III especially enlarged in females. Ligula small, with central longitudinal groove. Skin smooth, papillae absent. Greenish blue iridescent ring between bases of arms III and IV.

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION.—Ortmann, 1888:645,pl.21: fig.4, pl.22: fig.1.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Western North Pacific Ocean, Japan, Tokyo Bay and Kagoshima.

TYPES.—Syntypes: Not traced; 6 females (Tokyo Bay), 2 males, 1 juvenile (Kagoshima). Robson (1929) reported that the two male syntypes are extant in the collections of the UMS.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type locality.
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Voss, N. A. and Sweeney, M. J. 1998. "Systematics and Biogeography of cephalopods. Volume II." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 277-599. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.586.277
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Amphioctopus fangsiao ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

Amphioctopus fangsiao, called webfoot octopus,[2] is a species of octopus, a cephalopod belonging to the genus Amphioctopus.[3] It is found in the Pacific Ocean, including off the coasts of New Zealand[4] as well as in the Yellow Sea and surrounding Chinese shores. It is also commercially fished.[5][6]

Individuals of A. fangsiao that share genetic similarities by region are distributed throughout the Yellow Sea by size.[7][8] They can also be infected by parasites in genus Aggregata and Octopicola.[9]

Distribution

This species occurs in the Philippine Sea, the northwest Pacific and off the coast of Japan (Osaka Bay).

The lifespan of this species is approximately a year, typically spawning in the spring and growing linearly after spawning.[10] In Haizhou Bay in the Yellow Sea, smaller individuals of A. fangsiao tend to be found closer to the shore in the spring and even closer during the summer, while larger individuals tend to be distributed further away from the shore.[10]

Embryonic development

A. fangsiao holds an embryonic temperature threshold in which growth accelerates at 21–24 °C (70–75 °F). In three days after gestation the octopus is typically still gastrulating. On day 5, the embryo completes their first inversion and between days 15–21 after gestation, the octopus embryo exhibit chromatophores and black eyes.[5] The embryos complete their second inversion between days 25–31.[5] Octopus embryos develop logarithmically faster with increase in temperature; those embryos who develop at a temperature of 24 °C (75 °F) go through 0.83 embryonic stages per day on average while embryos that develop at a temperature between 18 and 21 °C (64 and 70 °F) go through 0.67 embryonic stages per day on average.[5] The octopuses that had a smaller embryo but larger yolk volume tended to hatch at 24 °C (75 °F).[5]

Abnormal morphologies

The embryos that grew at 27 °C (81 °F) were not able to hatch due to accelerated growth which caused eggs to be more swollen than eggs developing at lower temperatures; this accelerated growth caused the chorion to break and the embryo to hatch prematurely.[5] While the eggs grown at 21 °C (70 °F) were ovular in shape as normal, the eggs grown at 24 °C (75 °F) were malformed.[5] The embryos grown in 24 °C (75 °F) conditions also exhibited red eyes at 2 days after gestation.[5]

Diseases affecting A. fangsiao

Like many other species of cephalopods, A. fangsiao is not safe from infection. As of 2021, there is not much information on the protozoan parasites that infect this species among other species of cephalopods native to the Pacific Ocean. It is known that is that these parasites belong to the genus Aggregata and are responsible for the infections that have led to the death of many A. fangsiao in a culture facility in China.[11] Infection in A. fangsiao was also found from the genus Octopicola.[11]

Aggregata infection

Evidence of the parasite's infection on the A. fangsiao specimens include numerous white cysts scattered throughout the body of each octopus.[11] These cysts, called sporocysts, are smooth to the touch, measuring 17.69–20.72 μm by 15.97–20.00 μm. While the oocysts themselves are circular in shape measuring 249.75–501.75 μm and 116.84–350.87 μm in size.[11] Oocysts represent one of the stages in their lifecycle.[11] When histological surveys were done, the cysts had severely affected the integrity of the internal organs, and often the intestinal issue was greatly affected by oocysts filled with sporocysts.[11] Out of the 220 octopuses collected at the site, 95 of them were infected with Aggregata—representing 43% of the investigated specimens in the facility.[11]

Octopicola huanghaiensis infection

Recently discovered, the species Octopicola huanghaiensis is the first of its genus to infect A. fangsiao.[12] However, its genus, Octopicola, is known to commonly infect octopuses.[12]

Abnormalities within infection rates

Another experiment looked at the rate of infection of females versus males.[11] The results were not as expected, 64% of the fatalities were female while the remaining 36% were males.[11] The sample of the collected deceased A. fangsiao was 1,303; these data were collected between March 16 to April 2, 2017, in the Yellow Sea.[11] These data showed that the death rate of females was higher than males during their breeding season.[11] Upon further examination of the dead female specimens the researchers found that 16% had edema, 37% had broken skin, and 4% had broken arms.[11]

Genetic structure

These octopuses are generally found along the shores of China, and are relatively highly genetic diverse in haplotype diversity, especially in the Zhanjiang province while the lowest haplotype diversity is seen in the Qingdao province. They also have low nucleotide diversity.[7] There is more genetic variation among the population of A. fansgsiao than there are within the population of A. fangsiao.[7]

Two groups were defined by their genetic similarities and by region: A. fangsiao in the northern shore, including Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao, and Nantong provinces, were more similar among each other while the A. fangsiao in the southern shore, including Wenzhou, Xiamen, Dongshan, and Huizhou provinces, were more genetically similar each other.[7] A haplotype network analysis showed that all the octopuses in the northern provinces shared a haplotype with each other using several mitochondrial gene markers (ATPase 6, ND2, and ND5), while the octopuses in the southern provinces shared different haplotypes with each gene marker; in all gene markers, the northern and southern province octopuses did not share any haplotypes with each other.[7]

Culinary use

In Korea, Amphioctopus fangsiao is called jukkumi (주꾸미) or jjukkumi (쭈꾸미) and is often stir-fried in spicy gochujang-based sauce.[13][14]

References

  1. ^ "UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO) - Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839)". Marinespecies.org. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  2. ^ "Webfoot octopus". FishSource. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  3. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839)". Marinespecies.org. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  4. ^ "Global Barcode Of Life Data Mirror". Nz.boldmirror.net. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Jiang, Dianhang; Zheng, Xiaodong; Qian, Yaosen; Zhang, Qingqi (May 2020). "Embryonic development of Amphioctopus fangsiao under elevated temperatures: Implications for resource management and conservation". Fisheries Research. 225: 105479. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105479. S2CID 214538232.
  6. ^ Pang, Yumeng; Tian, Yongjun; Fu, Caihong; Ren, Yiping; Wan, Rong (1 October 2020). "Growth and Distribution of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839–1841) in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea". Journal of Ocean University of China. 19 (5): 1125–1132. Bibcode:2020JOUC...19.1125P. doi:10.1007/s11802-020-4322-7. ISSN 1993-5021. S2CID 221401494.
  7. ^ a b c d e Muhammad, Faiz; Chen, Wei; Liu, Liqin; Gong, Li; Du, Xun; Shafi, Muhammad; Lü, Zhen-ming (1 July 2019). "Genetic structure of Amphioctopus fangsiao (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) in Chinese waters inferred from variation in three mtDNA genes (ATPase 6, ND2, and ND5)". Hydrobiologia. 838 (1): 111–119. doi:10.1007/s10750-019-03981-9. ISSN 1573-5117. S2CID 254541630.
  8. ^ Pang, Yumeng; Tian, Yongjun; Fu, Caihong; Ren, Yiping; Wan, Rong (1 October 2020). "Growth and Distribution of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839–1841) in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea". Journal of Ocean University of China. 19 (5): 1125–1132. Bibcode:2020JOUC...19.1125P. doi:10.1007/s11802-020-4322-7. ISSN 1993-5021. S2CID 221401494.
  9. ^ Ren, Jing; Zheng, Xiaodong; Qian, Yaosen; Zhang, Qingqi (2019), Gestal, Camino; Pascual, Santiago; Guerra, Ángel; Fiorito, Graziano (eds.), "Pathogens and Related Diseases in Non-European Cephalopods: Asia. A Preliminary Review", Handbook of Pathogens and Diseases in Cephalopods, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 227–230, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11330-8_18, ISBN 978-3-030-11329-2
  10. ^ a b Pang, Yumeng; Tian, Yongjun; Fu, Caihong; Ren, Yiping; Wan, Rong (1 October 2020). "Growth and Distribution of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839–1841) in Haizhou Bay, Yellow Sea". Journal of Ocean University of China. 19 (5): 1125–1132. Bibcode:2020JOUC...19.1125P. doi:10.1007/s11802-020-4322-7. ISSN 1993-5021. S2CID 221401494.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ren, Jing; Zheng, Xiaodong; Qian, Yaosen; Zhang, Qingqi (2019), Gestal, Camino; Pascual, Santiago; Guerra, Ángel; Fiorito, Graziano (eds.), "Pathogens and Related Diseases in Non-European Cephalopods: Asia. A Preliminary Review", Handbook of Pathogens and Diseases in Cephalopods, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 227–230, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11330-8_18, ISBN 978-3-030-11329-2
  12. ^ a b Du, Xin; Dong, Chao; Sun, Shi-Chun (November 2018). "Octopicola huanghaiensis n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Octopicolidae), a new parasitic copepod of the octopuses Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny) and Octopus minor (Sasaki) (Octopoda: Octopodidae) in the Yellow Sea". Systematic Parasitology. 95 (8–9): 905–912. doi:10.1007/s11230-018-9819-8. ISSN 0165-5752. PMID 30276653. S2CID 255067189.
  13. ^ Chakraborty, Shruti (3 March 2016). "Seoul Food: Hitting the streets in search of Octopus". The Indian Express. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  14. ^ Lee, Cecilia Hae-Jin (30 April 2015). "All-you-can-eat Korean BBQ at Jjukku Jjukku". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
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Amphioctopus fangsiao: Brief Summary ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

Amphioctopus fangsiao, called webfoot octopus, is a species of octopus, a cephalopod belonging to the genus Amphioctopus. It is found in the Pacific Ocean, including off the coasts of New Zealand as well as in the Yellow Sea and surrounding Chinese shores. It is also commercially fished.

Individuals of A. fangsiao that share genetic similarities by region are distributed throughout the Yellow Sea by size. They can also be infected by parasites in genus Aggregata and Octopicola.

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Poulpe ocellé ( француски )

добавил wikipedia FR

La pieuvre ocellée ou poulpe ocellé (Amphioctopus fangsiao) est une espèce de mollusque de la famille des octopodes vivant dans le nord-ouest de l'océan Pacifique.

Synonymes :

  • Octopus fangsiao D'Orbigny, 1839–1841 in Férussac & D'Orbigny, 1834–1848 - protonyme
  • Octopus ocellatus (Gray, 1849)

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Amphioctopus fangsiao ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

Amphioctopus fangsiao is een inktvissensoort uit de familie van de Octopodidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1839 door d'Orbigny.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Bouchet, P. (2012). Amphioctopus fangsiao (d'Orbigny, 1839). Geraadpleegd via: World Register of Marine Species op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=534733
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11-03-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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飯蛸 ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Amphioctopus fangsiao
d'Orbigny, 1835

飯蛸学名Amphioctopus fangsiao),又名短蛸,为章魚科雙章魚屬下的一个种。

参考文献

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飯蛸: Brief Summary ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科

飯蛸(学名:Amphioctopus fangsiao),又名短蛸,为章魚科雙章魚屬下的一个种。

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주꾸미 ( корејски )

добавил wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

주꾸미(영어: webfoot octopus, 문화어: 직검발)는 문어과 연체동물의 하나이다. 몸길이는 다리끝까지가 24cm 정도이다. 몸에 둥근 혹 모양의 돌기가 빽빽이 나 있고 눈 주위에 살가시가 몇 개 있다. 여덟 개의 다리에는 2~4줄로 빨판이 있으며 다리 길이는 모두 유사하고 몸통의 두 배 정도이다.

특징

거의 대부분 지느러미를 새처럼 날개짓하여 헤엄친다. 물고기를 잡아먹으며 적이 가까이 오면 수관(水管)으로 땅을 파서 숨거나 먹물을 뿌리고 도망간다.

우리나라 전 연안에 분포하며 수심 5~50m 정도의 모래~자갈 바닥에서 비교적 흔히 발견되는, 다리를 포함한 몸통길이 12cm 전후의 중형 문어류이다. 살아있을 때에 몸통은 전체적으로 옅은 회갈색의 개체가 흔하며 다리와 눈 사이의 좌우에 황금빛의 동그라미 무늬가 나타난다. 우리나라 바다 가운데 서해에서 상대적 서식밀도가 높으며 지역에 따라 피뿔고둥(Rapana venosa)의 빈 패각을 이용하여 어획하기도 한다.[1]

식용

한국에서는 주꾸미를 매운 고추장 양념에 볶는 경우가 많다.

산란

산란기는 3월이며 성숙기에는 난소가 밥알 모양으로 된다. 교미는 수컷의 생식완(다리)을 암컷의 외투강 속에 집어 넣어 한다. 한국·일본 등지의 얕은 모래땅에서 산다.[2]

제철

한국에서 주꾸미가 가장 맛있는 시기는 3월부터 5월 사이이다.

기타

2007년 5월 18일 충청남도 태안군 대섬 앞바다에서 비색(翡色)이 감도는 접시를 단단히 감고 있는 주꾸미 한 마리가 어획되어 태안 보물선 발굴이 시작된다.[3]

각주 및 참고 문헌

  1. “주꾸미”. 2021년 5월 3일에 확인함.
  2. '꼴뚜기', 《글로벌 세계 대백과》
  3. “[이광형의 ‘문화재 속으로’] (20) 주꾸미가 건져올린 고려청자”. 국민일보. 2010년 6월 20일.
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