Diagnostic Description
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Color bluish grey to black dorsally, white to dusky below; 5-7 dark oblique bands or blotches on young disappear with age. Posterior spines of dorsal fin minute or embedded in large adults; first anal spine usually embedded. Gill rakers are mostly rudiments. Grooves of caudal peduncle present dorsally and ventrally. Maxilla reaching below rear margin of the eyes.
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- Recorder
- Estelita Emily Capuli
Diseases and Parasites
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Bucephalus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Morphology
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Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 37; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 15 - 18
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- Estelita Emily Capuli
Trophic Strategy
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Mainly in offshore reefs on the continental shelf. Non-schooling. Feeds on demersal fishes, cephalopods, and shrimp.
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- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Biology
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Mainly in offshore reefs on the continental shelf (Ref. 30573, 48635), on rocky bottoms (Ref. 11230). Non-schooling. Juveniles under weed rafts and adults are sometimes seen with the large planktivores such as whale sharks (Ref. 48635). Adults feed on demersal fishes, cephalopods, and shrimp (Ref. 11441). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 3287).
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Importance
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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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