dcsimg

Description ( англиски )

добавил AmphibiaWeb articles
This species (Woodhouse's Toad) is large for a toad, with normally proportioned limbs and a blunt snout. Its paratoid glands are narrow, and spread apart by more than one (parotoid) length. Cranial crests run lengthwise from the front of the eyes to back edge of the eyes, then turn sharply towards the side of the toad and extend to the outside edges of the eyes. The warts are dark and small. Each wart has a red spot at its tip. The toad is olive green on its dorsal side, with dark splotches and a pale stripe down center of back. The underside is creamy and unmarked, while the throat is slightly darker in color. Subspecies include Anaxyrus woodhousii australis (Southwestern Woodhouse's Toad), A. w. velatus (East Texas Toad) and A. w. woodhousii (Woodhouse's Toad or Rocky Mountain Toad).The habitat of this toad overlaps the habitat of Anaxyrus americanus and Anaxyrus woodhousi fowleri. The eggs of A. woodhousi resemble those of A. fowleri, and adult A. woodhousi resemble adult A. americanus. See another account at californiaherps.com (http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/a.w.woodhousii.html).
лиценца
cc-by-3.0
автор
Franziska Sandmeier
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
AmphibiaWeb articles

Distribution and Habitat ( англиски )

добавил AmphibiaWeb articles
This toad has a broad distribution. It reaches the southwest area of Oregon, and is found through Idaho, Montana, and South Dakota; into western Iowa and western Missouri; south through Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas, and just into northern Mexico; through New Mexico, Arizona and into southeastern Nevada and southeastern California.
лиценца
cc-by-3.0
автор
Franziska Sandmeier
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
AmphibiaWeb articles

Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( англиски )

добавил AmphibiaWeb articles
This species flourishes in any moist area, from irrigation ditches to canyons to swamps. It breeds from March to July and lays eggs in shallow, slow moving, ephemeral bodies of water. The tadpoles metamorphose in a single season.
лиценца
cc-by-3.0
автор
Franziska Sandmeier
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
AmphibiaWeb articles

Anaxyrus woodhousii ( каталонски; валенсиски )

добавил wikipedia CA
 src=
La subespècie woodhousii

Anaxyrus woodhousii és una espècie d'amfibi que viu als Estats Units i Mèxic.

Subespècies

  • Anaxyrus woodhousii australis (Shannon & Lowe, 1955)
  • Anaxyrus woodhousii woodhousii (Girard, 1854)

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Anaxyrus woodhousii Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia CA

Anaxyrus woodhousii: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

добавил wikipedia CA
 src= La subespècie woodhousii

Anaxyrus woodhousii és una espècie d'amfibi que viu als Estats Units i Mèxic.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia CA

Woodhouse's toad ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii) is a medium-sized (4 inches or 10 centimetres) true toad native to the United States and Mexico. There are three recognized subspecies. A. woodhousii tends to hybridize with Anaxyrus americanus where their ranges overlap.

Taxonomy

Woodhouse's toad was first described in 1854 by the French herpetologist Charles Frédéric Girard. He gave it the name Bufo woodhousii in honor of the American physician and naturalist Samuel Washington Woodhouse.[2] The large genus Bufo was split by Frost et al. in 2006, with the North American species being included in the genus Anaxyrus and this toad becoming A. woodhousii.[3][4] There are three recognised subspecies:[5]

  • Rocky Mountain toad – Anaxyrus woodhousii woodhousii (Girard, 1854)[6]
  • East Texas toad – Anaxyrus woodhousii velatus (Bragg and Sanders, 1951)[7]
  • Southwestern Woodhouse's toad – Anaxyrus woodhousii australis (Shannon & Lowe, 1955)[8]

At one time, Fowler's toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) was considered to be a subspecies.[1]

Description

Woodhouse's toad is a robust amphibian and can grow to a maximum snout-vent length of 127 mm (5 in). The head has prominent cranial crests in front of and in between the eyes. The parotoid glands are long and large. The dorsal surface of this toad is grayish-brown or yellowish-brown and it is speckled with small dark spots. There is a narrow pale line running along the spine. The belly is rather paler and is usually unspotted. The male has a single vocal sac on his throat. His call resembles the bleat of a sheep and lasts from one to three seconds.[9][10]

Distribution and habitat

Woodhouse's toad is found in North America at altitudes of up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft). Its range extends from Mexico in the south to Washington in the north. In the United States it is found in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. In the western part of its range it is typically found in lowland riparian corridors, wooded land besides streams and rivers. At higher altitudes it inhabits wet meadows, ponds, reservoirs and lakes. It is also found in urban environments, canals, ponds and irrigated agricultural land.[11]

The East Texas toad was described as a subspecies,[7] elevated to full species,[12] and dismissed as a hybrid between A. woodhousei x A. fowleri without taxonomic status by others.[13] Photographed in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Hardin Co. TX. USA, 2019.

Behavior

Woodhouse's toad is nocturnal and feeds on insects and other small invertebrates. Near human habitations these toads may congregate underneath outside lights to feed on the insects they attract.[10] Breeding takes place at different times of year in different parts of the range. The males call from in, or close to, standing water and the eggs are laid in gelatinous strings in still-water habitats such as ditches, ponds, pools, cattle tanks and lakes. The tadpoles typically take from five to eight weeks to reach metamorphosis.[11]

Status

Woodhouse's toad has a very wide range and presumed large total population. It is able to live in a number of types of habitat and can tolerate some modification to its habitat. The population seems steady and no particular threats have been identified so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being of "least concern". In central Arizona it seems to be displacing the Arizona toad, (Anaxyrus microscaphus).[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Geoffrey Hammerson, Georgina Santos-Barrera (2004). "Anaxyrus woodhousii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T54798A11195037. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54798A11195037.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Beltz, Ellin (2006). "Woodhouse, Samuel Washington". Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
  3. ^ Howard Clark. "Arizona toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus)". Tucson Herpetological Society. Retrieved 2014-11-16.
  4. ^ Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. de Sá, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. E. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green, and W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370
  5. ^ "Order Anura: Frogs and Toads". Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide. USGS. 2013-02-02. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
  6. ^ Girard, C. 1854. A list of North American bufonids, with diagnoses of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 86–88.
  7. ^ a b Bragg, A. N., and O. Sanders. 1951. A new subspecies of the Bufo woodhousii group of toads (Salientia: Bufonidae). Wasmann Journal of Biology. San Francisco 9: 363–378
  8. ^ Shannon, F. A., and C. H. Lowe, Jr. 1955. A new subspecies of Bufo woodhousei from the inland Southwest. Herpetologica 11: 185–190.
  9. ^ Jim Rorabaugh. "Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii)". Tucson Herpetological Society. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
  10. ^ a b "Woodhouse's Toad, Bufo woodhousii". Checklist of Amphibian Species and Identification Guide. USGS. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
  11. ^ a b Brian K. Sullivan (2005). "Anaxyrus woodhousii". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
  12. ^ Sanders, O. 1986. The heritage of Bufo woodhousei Girard in Texas (Salientia: Bufonidae). Occasional Papers of the Strecker Museum. Waco, Texas 1: 1–28.
  13. ^ Sullivan, B. K., K. B. Malmos, and M. F. Given. 1996. Systematics of the Bufo woodhousii complex (Anura: Bufonidae): advertisement call variation. Copeia 1996: 274–280.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia authors and editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia EN

Woodhouse's toad: Brief Summary ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii) is a medium-sized (4 inches or 10 centimetres) true toad native to the United States and Mexico. There are three recognized subspecies. A. woodhousii tends to hybridize with Anaxyrus americanus where their ranges overlap.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia authors and editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia EN

Anaxyrus woodhousii ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

El sapo de Woodhouse (Anaxyrus woodhousii) es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia de sapos Bufonidae. Anteriormente incluida en el género Bufo. Es nativa de los Estados Unidos y México. Los adultos tiene un tamaño de 10 cm, puede hibridarse con Bufo americanus.

Subespecies

Publicación original

  • Girard, 1854 : Descriptions of new genera and species of North American Frogs. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, p. 86–88 (texto íntegro).

Referencias

 title=
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia ES

Anaxyrus woodhousii: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

El sapo de Woodhouse (Anaxyrus woodhousii) es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia de sapos Bufonidae. Anteriormente incluida en el género Bufo. Es nativa de los Estados Unidos y México. Los adultos tiene un tamaño de 10 cm, puede hibridarse con Bufo americanus.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia ES

Anaxyrus woodhousii ( баскиски )

добавил wikipedia EU

Anaxyrus woodhousii Anaxyrus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia EU

Anaxyrus woodhousii: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

добавил wikipedia EU

Anaxyrus woodhousii Anaxyrus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Bufonidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia EU

Crapaud de Woodhouse ( француски )

добавил wikipedia FR

Anaxyrus woodhousii

Anaxyrus woodhousii, le Crapaud de Woodhouse, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae[1]. Elle était anciennement appelée Bufo woodhousii.

Répartition

 src=
Distribution aux États-Unis

Cette espèce se rencontre :

Taxinomie

 src=
Anaxyrus woodhousii

Deux sous-espèces sont reconnues par Masta et al. en 2002[2] Anaxyrus woodhousei woodhousei et Anaxyrus woodhousei australis.

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Samuel Washington Woodhouse[3].

Publication originale

  • Girard, 1854 : Descriptions of new genera and species of North American Frogs. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. 7, p. 86–88 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. *Masta, Sullivan, Lamb & Routman, 2002 : Molecular systematics, hybridization, and phylogeography of the Bufo americanus complex in Eastern North America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 24, no 2, p. 302-314 (texte)
  3. (en) Ellin Beltz, « Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America - Explained »
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia FR

Crapaud de Woodhouse: Brief Summary ( француски )

добавил wikipedia FR

Anaxyrus woodhousii

Anaxyrus woodhousii, le Crapaud de Woodhouse, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Bufonidae. Elle était anciennement appelée Bufo woodhousii.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia FR

Anaxyrus woodhousii ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

Herpetologie

Anaxyrus woodhousii is een kikker uit de familie padden of Bufonidae. De soort behoorde lange tijd tot het geslacht Bufo.[2] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Charles Frédéric Girard in 1854. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Bufo dorsalis gebruikt.

Voorkomen en habitat

Deze pad komt voor in een groot aantal staten van de Verenigde Staten; een groot gebied in het centrum van het land van noord naar zuid en een gebied ten zuidwesten van de VS rond de staat Utah.[3] Het is dan ook een van de algemeenste soorten padden in dit land en is in allerlei biotopen te vinden zoals graslanden, bosranden en moerassen. Daarnaast wordt de kikker aangetroffen in hoger gelegen delen in bergachtige streken tot 2600 meter boven zeeniveau. Deze soort houdt van zanderige streken met stenen of enige vegetatie om zich onder te verschuilen.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De lengte is ongeveer 10 tot 13 centimeter, de mannetjes blijven kleiner dan de vrouwtjes. De lichaamskleur is variabel; bruin tot olijfgroen met donkere vlekken op de rug en een lichte tot gele dorsale streep op het midden van de rug. De ogen zijn groengeel en de pupil is horizontaal. De buik is lichter tot witgeel en heeft soms ook donkere tot zwarte vlekken. De mannetjes zijn van de vrouwtjes te onderscheiden door een donkere keel.

Algemeen

Anaxyrus woodhousii is nachtactief en als hij niet jaagt wordt onder een steen of plant gerust maar ook kan deze soort ondiepe holletjes graven. Het voedsel bestaat uit wormen en insecten, op het menu staan voornamelijk kevers en mieren. De eitjes worden gelegd in twee eiersnoeren en het aantal eitjes kan per keer oplopen tot wel 25.000. De kikkervisjes eten allerlei organisch materiaal en plantendelen, en vanwege de massaliteit van de larven is een water nadat de kleine padjes op het land zijn gekropen soms compleet kaalgevreten.

Referenties
  1. (en) Anaxyrus woodhousii op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Anaxyrus woodhousii.
  3. Amphibia Web, Anaxyrus woodhousii.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Anaxyrus woodhousii - Website Geconsulteerd 26 november 2016
  • (en) - Amphibiaweb - Anaxyrus woodhousii - Website
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia NL

Anaxyrus woodhousii: Brief Summary ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

Anaxyrus woodhousii is een kikker uit de familie padden of Bufonidae. De soort behoorde lange tijd tot het geslacht Bufo. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Charles Frédéric Girard in 1854. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Bufo dorsalis gebruikt.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia NL

Anaxyrus woodhousii ( шведски )

добавил wikipedia SV


Anaxyrus woodhousii[2][3] är en groddjursart som först beskrevs av Girard 1854. Den ingår i släktet Anaxyrus och familjen paddor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig, och populationen är stabil.[1]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[4]

  • A. w. australis
  • A. w. woodhousii


Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] 2004 Anaxyrus woodhousii Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 28 juli 2015.
  2. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2009) , database. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference v5.3
  3. ^ Crother, Brian I., Jeff Boundy, Frank T. Burbrink, et al. / Moriarty, John J., ed. (2008) Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, With Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding, Sixth Ed., Herpetological Circular No. 37
  4. ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/anaxyrus+woodhousii/match/1. Läst 28 juli 2015.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26

Externa länkar


White-Lipped-small.jpg Denna groddjurs-relaterade artikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia SV

Anaxyrus woodhousii: Brief Summary ( шведски )

добавил wikipedia SV


Anaxyrus woodhousii är en groddjursart som först beskrevs av Girard 1854. Den ingår i släktet Anaxyrus och familjen paddor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig, och populationen är stabil.

лиценца
cc-by-sa-3.0
авторски права
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
изворно
посети извор
соработничко мреж. место
wikipedia SV