Quolls can be an agricultural annoyance and have been known to destroy poultry.
Predators of D. hallucatus include dingos (Canis lupis dingo), feral cats (Felis catus) and snakes, such as olive pythons (Liasis olivaceus), king brown snakes (Pseudechis australis) and possibly avian predators, such as owls (Strigiformes). Physiological decline after mating is speculated to cause male northern quolls to become susceptible to lice infestations.
Known Predators:
Northern quolls are medium sized Dasyurids and the smallest of the Australian quolls. They are sexually dimorphic, with males larger than females. Males may weigh as much as 1,200 g, although they usually range between 400 to 900 g (an average of 760 g). Females range between 300 to 500 g (an average of 760 g). Their total length is similar, although males are slightly longer, ranging from 12.3 to 31 cm; whereas females range from 12.5 to 30 cm. Their tail is long relative to their body, the average tail length for males is 12.7 to 30.8 cm; whereas female tail lengths range 20 to 30 cm.
In general, northern quolls are somewhat mouse-like in appearance. They have short coarse fur, with thin underfur. They are dusky grey-brown, with large white spots dorsally and cream to white fur ventrally. This species has well-defined serrated pads on their palms and soles and an unspotted tails. They have a hallux, with a total of five toes on their hind feet. Females have five to eight exposed teats, arranged in anterioposterior rows, surrounded by a marginal fold of skin (marsupium).
Range mass: 300 to 900 g.
Range length: 123 to 310 mm.
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Average basal metabolic rate: 1.501 W.
Female northern quolls may live up to 3 years, although 1 to 2 years is more common. Males only live up to 1 year. Mating is extremely energetically costly for males, ultimately resulting in death within 2 weeks after mating. During the mating period, they experience weight loss, elevated androgens, loss of fur, and proliferation of parasites, increasing their risk of predation and vehicle collisions.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 3 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 1 to 3 years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 1 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 5.9 years.
Northern quolls are the most arboreal of the Australian quolls although they inhabit a variety of terrestrial habitats. They are most often found in rocky escarpments and open eucalyptus forests of lowland savannahs. This species has experienced an overall decline in population throughout its range; however, the savannah habitats have experienced the most drastic population decline. Northern quolls have been known to den in tree hollows, rock crevices, logs, termite mounds and goanna burrows.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest
Northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) are native to a 150 kilometer band, across the northern Australian coast, from Pilbara in western Australia, to the northeast coast of Queensland. Since European settlement, the species has declined drastically over much of its range and has even become locally extinct on some Australian Islands. It is currently found in six isolated populations: in the Hamersley Range, northern and western Top End, North Cape York tip, Atherton Tableland and the Carnarvon Range.
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Dasyurus hallucatus is considered a carnivorous marsupial, although it primarily feeds on insects. Their diet also consists of other small mammals, birds, frogs, reptiles and sometimes fleshy fruits. Cane toads (Rhinella marina), an invasive species to Australia, are a food item of particular interest because their toxins appear to be a major cause of decline in northern quolls' populations, even in areas where they are managed.
Animal Foods: mammals; insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Northern quolls are predators of small mammals, which aides in the control of small mammal populations. They are also an ideal alternative host in the life cycle of many parasites. Although no particular parasitic species are known to favor northern quolls exclusively, males are commonly infested with lice (Boopia ucinata) before death. Other parasites that have been found on D. hallucatus include Bandicoot ticks (Haemaphysalis bremneri), trombiculid mites (Guntheria coorongensis) and fleas (Xenopsylla vexabilis). Sarcocystis species have been observed histologically in northern quolls.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
A survey answered by scientists and wildlife handlers suggests that northern quolls, along with other quolls, have many characteristics that are ideal of a quality house pet. In addition, northern quolls may benefit agriculture by removing insect pests.
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
Northern quolls are considered ‘endangered’ under the International Union for Conservation of Nature (ICUN) list of threatened species. They have no special status in the appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
Young northern quolls vocalize as early as 35-days-old by making stereotypic isolation calls. Hearing doesn’t develop until approximately 65 days, which promotes call development to a more adult-like vocalization. Call duration in young last 100 to 200 ms; while adult calls last 1 to 2 s. Young communicate vocally with their mother, providing information regarding location and stress level. Adult communication is in the form of a “hiss”, acknowledging an encounter.
Scent marking has been commonly observed in D. hallucatus to mark territories and advertise their presence to mates. Both females and males rub their ventral surfaces on objects in their environment, to disperse their scent. They also urinate on the feces of other individuals and deposit scat in prominent places. When feces by another individual is found, it is picked up, sniffed and examined.
Communication Channels: acoustic
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Dasyurus hallucatus was originally identified by Gould in 1942, under the genus Satenellus. Some still suggest that D. hallucatus be placed in a separate genus due to its basal characteristics.
Northern quolls are also known as the “little northern native cat”, “north Australian native cat”, and “njanmak”, a Mayali aboriginal word.
Males and females are promiscuous. The mating season corresponds with the Australian dry season, occurring in May and June. Females are intra-sexually territorial, with no observed overlap in territory, most likely maintained by mutual avoidance. Feces markers are more commonly observed during the mating season, advertising female presence both to other females and males. Females are visited by multiple males during the mating season, with short encounters occurring at night in the female's den. It is rare for a female not to breed in any given year. Males are non-territorial and attempt to breed with as many females as possible during the breeding season, often traveling long distances from one female to another, monitoring the onset of estrus. The mating process has yet to be observed, although it appears to be quite aggressive, with females often showing distinct scars from males biting the back of their neck and clasping their sides during copulation. Males are the largest mammal and the only Dasyurid known to experience complete semelparity, usually dying within two weeks of mating.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
After a 21 to 25 day gestation period, birth is completed synchronously among a single population within a four week period, with little annual variation. This period varies geographically, beginning as early as late May and ending as late as August. Evidence suggests that a combination of photoperiod and latitude affect the timing of this event for a given population.
When they are ready to give birth, females groom the area around their urogenital sinus, pouch and tail. Just before emergence of the young, a female will lift her posterior region and lick a cloudy mucus-like fluid, which is released from the urogenital sinus. During birth, females place their heads to the ground, keeping their urogenital sinus higher than the pouch region, with the base of their tail held away. The young are excreted in a gelatinous material and either drop to the ground or successfully climb their way along the mother to the pouch, aided by their senses and gravity.
Females may give birth to as many as 17 altricial offspring in one litter, although the average litter size is 5 to 8 and they have a maximum of 8 teats available for nursing young. The average weight of a newborn is 18 mg; with an average length of 5 mm. Offspring unsuccessful in latching to a teat soon perish. During birth, marginal ridges of skin develop around the teats and cover the young. Young are first released from this rudimentary pouch at two months of age for short periods of time. They are fully weaned at 4 months of age. Males and females become sexually mature at 11 months of age, although males reach their maximum weight at 7 months.
Breeding interval: Northern quolls breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Northern quolls have a mating season that lasts from late May to August.
Range number of offspring: 5 to 8.
Range gestation period: 21 to 25 days.
Average weaning age: 4 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 11 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 11 months.
Key Reproductive Features: semelparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Average number of offspring: 6.8.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male: 315 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 315 days.
Both sexes put forth most of their reproductive energy in their first breeding season, which is when they are at their highest fitness level. Females care for the young on their own because there is no paternal care. Little is known about parental care in this species, but studies indicate that the female will move from the rockier areas of her home range to the woodland areas near creeks when the young are around 2 months old. This is the time at which the young will first detach from their mother. The female will leave the young in a succession of nursery dens for periods of time, while foraging at night. When the young are weaned, the female will move them back to the rockier areas. Dispersal of young is not yet fully understood.
Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; post-independence association with parents; inherits maternal/paternal territory
In Australia, the Northern Quoll is threatened by the invasion of the highly toxic Cane Toad, Bufo marinus. Following toad invasion, quoll populations have become extinct across Northern Australia and consumption of these toads has been suspected as a major cause. O'Donnell et al. (2010) report watching quolls attacking large toads, then convulsing and dying. Because eliminating the toads is likely impossible, O'Donnell et al. decided to explore the possibility of conditioned taste aversion (CTA), i.e., teaching quolls to avoid the toads. In this case, they offered a small non-toxic toad that had been dosed with the nausea-inducing chemical thiabendazole in powdered form. A single experience with this chemical resulted in a significant reduction in attacks on toads and a significant increase in apparent survival in the field. The authors note that CTA has wider potential applications. For example, it could be used to mitigate the impacts of invasive vertebrate predators on threatened native fauna. When invasive predators cannot be eradicated, CTA might provide a feasible way to maintain populations of endangered fauna in the presence of the invader. (O'Donnell et al. 2010)
El gat marsupial septentrional (Dasyurus hallucatus), conegut també com a Njanmak en la llengua aborigen mayali, és un marsupial carnívor originari d'Austràlia. És la més petita de les quatre espècies de gat marsupial australianes i no se'n distingeix cap subespècie. S'alimenta principalment d'invertebrats, però també menja fruits carnosos, així com una gran varietat de vertebrats com ara petits mamífers, ocells, sargantanes, serps i granotes. També és un animal carronyer.
El gat marsupial septentrional (Dasyurus hallucatus), conegut també com a Njanmak en la llengua aborigen mayali, és un marsupial carnívor originari d'Austràlia. És la més petita de les quatre espècies de gat marsupial australianes i no se'n distingeix cap subespècie. S'alimenta principalment d'invertebrats, però també menja fruits carnosos, així com una gran varietat de vertebrats com ara petits mamífers, ocells, sargantanes, serps i granotes. També és un animal carronyer.
Der Zwergbeutelmarder oder Nördliche Beutelmarder (Dasyurus hallucatus) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Raubbeutler.
Mit einer Kopfrumpflänge von 12,5 bis 31 cm und einem Gewicht von 300 bis 900 g ist er der kleinste der australischen Beutelmarder. Die Männchen sind in der Regel etwas größer und schwerer als die Weibchen. Die Oberseite ist graubraun oder braun mit den für die Gattung typischen großen weißen Flecken, die Unterseite ist cremefarben oder weiß. Die Art unterscheidet sich von anderen Arten der Gattung durch die Merkmalskombination von ungeflecktem Schwanz und gerieften Fußballen an der fünfstrahligen Hinterextremität.
Ursprünglich war der Zwergbeutelmarder im gesamten Norden Australiens von der Pilbara-Region in Western Australia bis in den Südosten Queenslands verbreitet. Nach der Besiedlung des Kontinents durch die Europäer schrumpfte das Verbreitungsgebiet stark zusammen, allerdings später als bei nah verwandten Arten. Als eine der Ursachen dieses Rückgangs wird die Ausbreitung der 1935 eingeführten Aga-Kröte angesehen.[1]
Heute kommt die Art nur noch in 6 Gebieten vor: der Hamersley Range, North Kimberley, der nördlichsten Spitze der Kap-York-Halbinsel, im Atherton Tableland, der Carnarvon Range und im äußersten Norden des Northern Territory.
Innerhalb des Verbreitungsgebietes werden sämtliche baumbestandenen Habitate als Lebensraum genutzt, die höchsten Populationsdichten werden in felsigen Gegenden sowie offenen Eukalyptus-Wäldern erreicht.
Obwohl der Zwergbeutelmarder hauptsächlich bodenlebend ist, ist er ein guter Kletterer und stärker baumlebend als andere Beutelmarderarten. Er ernährt sich von kleinen Säugern, Reptilien, Insekten, Honig und weichen Früchten. Als Raubfeinde treten vor allem Dingos und große Eulen auf, allerdings scheinen nur wenige Beutelmarder Fressfeinden zum Opfer zu fallen.
Die IUCN listet den Zwergbeutelmarder als endangered (gefährdet).
Der Zwergbeutelmarder oder Nördliche Beutelmarder (Dasyurus hallucatus) ist eine Art aus der Familie der Raubbeutler.
The northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), also known as the northern native cat, the North Australian native cat or the satanellus is a carnivorous marsupial native to Australia.
The northern quoll is a member of the family Dasyuridae, and is often stated to be the most distinctive Australian quoll. There are three other quoll species found in Australia, and another two species found on the island of New Guinea, all of which are currently placed in the genus Dasyurus. The northern quoll was first described in 1842 by naturalist and author John Gould, who gave it the specific epithet hallucatus, indicating that it has a notable first digit. This species has sometimes been placed in a separate genus, Satanellus.
Four distinct morphological forms of the northern quoll were recognised in the 1920s,[4] however more recent population genomic analysis has shown that these forms do not conform to the underlying genetic differentiation shown across the species distribution[5].Three broad population genomic clusters are present in the species, which broadly correspond to populations in the regions of Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia.[5] This population genomic structure conforms to known biogeographic barriers across northern Australia, including the Carpentarian Gap and Ord Arid Region. Finer scale population structure shows differentiation of the Groote Eylandt and Pilbara populations of quolls.[5]
The northern quoll is the smallest of the four Australian quoll species.[6] Females are smaller than males, with adult females weighing between 350 and 690 g (12 and 24 oz) and adult males 540 and 1,120 g (19 and 40 oz). Head and body length ranges from 27–37 cm (11–15 in) for adult males and 25–31 cm (9.8–12.2 in) for adult females. The tail length ranges between 20 and 35 cm (7.9 and 13.8 in).
Northern quolls feed primarily on invertebrates, but also consume fleshy fruit (particularly figs), and a wide range of vertebrates, including small mammals, birds, lizards, snakes, and frogs. They also scavenge on roadkills, around campsites, and in garbage tins.
A remarkable feature of this species is that the males show complete die-off after mating, leaving the females to raise the young alone. Females have eight teats in a pouch, but apparently give birth to more than eight young which must wriggle their way to the pouch and compete for a teat to survive.[7] In a study in Western Australia's Kimberley region, the testosterone levels of males peaked in July, and females gave birth in July or August.[8]
In the wild, males live for about one year, while the maximum recorded for a wild female was about three years of age.[6] In rocky habitats, the lifespan of both sexes appears to be increased to two or three years, and individuals are larger than those living in savanna habitats, possibly due to better habitat and reduced predation.[6]
A February 2023 study published in Royal Society Open Science found that "reduced resting behaviour among males could explain the post-breeding death as the deterioration in appearance reflects that reported for sleep-deprived rodents."[9]
The northern quoll occurs from the Pilbara region of Western Australia across the Northern Territory to south east Queensland. Their historical range extended uninterrupted from S.E Queensland to the Kimberleys in Western Australia.[10] There are several disjunct populations. This quoll species is most abundant in rocky ranges and open eucalypt forest. Analysis of occurrence records for the species shows that rocky areas are important for the species.[11][12]
Northern quolls have declined substantially since European colonisation of Australia, with one study in the Northern Territory finding a roughly 60% contraction in their extent of occurrence.[12] Of the nine species analysed, this decline was only exceeded by that of the brush-tailed rabbit-rat, the sole remaining species in the genus Conilurus. In the Northern Territory, northern quolls appear to be declining towards geographic areas of higher vegetation complexity, lower elevation, and milder temperatures,[12] suggesting that, in these areas, threats may be mediated or better tolerated.
The northern quoll is currently classified as Endangered by the IUCN.[2]
The species is now absent from many parts of its former range, particularly the savanna country. In 2005 it was listed as Endangered under Australian Commonwealth legislation (EPBC Act). Threats are predation by feral cats, dingoes and foxes, particularly after fire or grazing has removed protective ground cover. Destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of the quoll's habitat due to land clearing, grazing, pasture improvement, and mining are also significant.[6] Quolls are also susceptible to being run over on roads.[6]
The current major threat to the northern quoll in the northern and western portion of its range is the spread of cane toads. Like many other native Australian species, northern quolls are poisoned after eating or mouthing cane toads.[13] Cane toads were originally introduced in Queensland, but have now occupied the Top End of the Northern Territory, including Kakadu National Park and the Darwin area, and entered the Kimberley region of Western Australia, where they are established around Kununurra and Lake Argyle.
Immediately after cane toad invasion of Kakadu, quolls became extinct at one study site and declined from 45 individuals to five at another site. The northern quoll may cease to exist in most areas in the Top End once the cane toad population completely overlaps the northern quoll's range. However, remnant populations of northern quolls still persist in Queensland where cane toads have been present for decades. These persisting Queensland quoll populations are naturally toad averse (as observed on remote cameras). One of the northern quoll populations studied in Kakadu during the recent cane toad invasion, had a few individuals survive the invasion. These individuals were, likely similar to the Queensland quolls, genetically averse to the toads.[14] In 2003, to help protect northern quolls, numerous quolls were transferred to the toad-free English Company Islands (Astell and Pobassoo Islands), off the coast of Arnhem Land. Quolls thrived on these islands, with an estimated population of 2193 female northern quolls on Astell Island by 2014.[15] In 2017, quolls from Astell Island were collected, trained via conditioned taste aversion to avoid attacking cane toads and reintroduced to Kakadu National Park. This reintroduction attempt saw the release both toad-trained (22) and toad-naive (9) northern quolls to an area of Kakadu that previous had quolls but where they had recently gone locally extinct due to the invasion of cane toads. Although the toad-trained quolls survived longer than those that received no toad training, ultimately this reintroduction population rapidly went extinct because of dingo predation.[16] Subsequently, research comparing antipredator behaviours of quolls from Astell Island and mainland Queensland determined that quolls conserved on this island had lost their ability to recognise and avoid both dingo and cats, predators they have co-evolved with on mainland Australia for at least 3500 and 150 years respectively. This study suggests that animals conserved in complete isolation from predators can rapidly lose evolved antipredator behaviours, in this case in only 13 generations, when they are no longer maintained via natural selection.[17]
The Northern Quoll is known as njanjma[18] in the Indigenous Kundjeyhmi, Kundedjnjenghmi and Mayali languages, djabbo in Kunwinjku,[19][20][21] and wijingarri in Wunambal.[22] The Kunwinjku people of Western Arnhem Land (Northern Territory) regard djabbo as "good tucker".[23][24]
The northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), also known as the northern native cat, the North Australian native cat or the satanellus is a carnivorous marsupial native to Australia.
El satanelo septentrional (Dasyurus hallucatus) es una especie de marsupial dasiuromorfo de la familia Dasyuridae endémica de Australia.
Habita las sabanas de gran parte de la costa septentrional de Australia desde el sureste de Queensland hasta el norte de Australia Occidental, aunque sus poblaciones están decreciendo y sus áreas de distribución están cada vez más fragmentadas.
Se trata de una de las especies más pequeñas del género. Pesa de 300 a 900 g y mide de 24 a 35 cm de longitud, más 21 a 31 cm de cola.
Las hembras carecen de marsupio pero cuando está acabando el otoño, antes de que comience la época reproductiva, el área ventral alrededor de las 8 mamas comienza a desarrollar un pliegue de piel que hará las veces de receptáculo para albergar a los recién nacidos.
Son mayoritariamente carnívoros y unos agresivos cazadores que incluyen entre sus presas grandes roedores, otros marsupiales y reptiles, complementándola con numerosos invertebrados y algunas frutas.
La época de celo va desde principios del invierno (final de junio). El parto se produce entre finales de julio y septiembre. Las hembras son monoéstricas y dan a luz una única camada anual de hasta 8 crías. La lactancia dura aproximadamente 5 meses, pero los recién nacidos dejan de ser transportados por la madre de forma continua a partir de la 8ª-10.ª semana. Tanto en los machos como en las hembras alcanzan la madurez sexual a los 315 días de media.
Solitarios y nocturnos, estos animales suelen pasar las horas de luz solar refugiados en sus madrigueras construidas en oquedades de rocas o troncos de árbol. Son terrestres, pero capaces de escalar árboles y rocas con gran agilidad y destreza. Desprenden un desagradable olor que los mantiene a salvo de depredadores.
Es una especie en peligro. Una de las principales amenazas a la que se enfrenta es la competencia con el sapo de caña (Bufo marinus), una especie introducida que tienen una asombrosa capacidad de reproducción y pocos enemigos naturales en una tierra de la que no es originario, y un apetito insaciable que termina con la mayor parte de los grandes insectos que constituyen la base fundamental de la alimentación del cuol septentrional.
El satanelo septentrional (Dasyurus hallucatus) es una especie de marsupial dasiuromorfo de la familia Dasyuridae endémica de Australia.
Dasyurus hallucatus Dasyurus generoko animalia da. Dasyuromorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Dasyurinae azpifamilia eta Dasyuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Dasyurus hallucatus Dasyurus generoko animalia da. Dasyuromorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Dasyurinae azpifamilia eta Dasyuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Dasyurus hallucatus
Le chat marsupial du nord (Dasyurus hallucatus) est une espèce de mammifères marsupiaux carnassiers du nord de l'Australie.
Le chat marsupial du nord est le plus petit des quatre espèces de chats marsupiaux trouvées en Australie. Les femelles sont plus petites que les mâles et pèsent entre 350 grammes et 690 grammes, alors que les mâles pèsent de 540 grammes à 1 120 grammes. L'ensemble tête-corps mesure entre 270 mm et 370 mm chez les mâles adultes, 249 à 310 chez les femelles. Sa queue mesure entre 202 mm et 345 mm.
On le trouve dans la région de Pilbara en Australie occidentale, dans le Territoire du Nord et le sud-est du Queensland. Il y a plusieurs ensembles disjoints de population. On le trouve surtout dans les régions rocheuses et les forêts d'eucalyptus.
Il se nourrit de fruits, mais consomme surtout d'un grand nombre de vertébrés comme des petits mammifères, des oiseaux, des lézards, des serpents et également des crapauds. Il se nourrit aussi de charognes trouvées sur les bords des routes, dans les campements et les décharges.
Une particularité de cette espèce est que les mâles ne s'occupent absolument pas des petits.
Dasyurus hallucatus
Le chat marsupial du nord (Dasyurus hallucatus) est une espèce de mammifères marsupiaux carnassiers du nord de l'Australie.
Il quoll settentrionale (Dasyurus hallucatus Gould, 1842), noto anche come gatto marsupiale del nord, è un marsupiale carnivoro originario dell'Australia[2].
Il quoll settentrionale è il più piccolo delle quattro specie australiane del genere Dasyurus.[3]. Le femmine sono più piccole dei maschi: pesano, infatti, 350-690 g, mentre i maschi pesano 540-1120 g. La lunghezza testa-corpo è di 27-37 cm nei maschi e di 24,9-31 cm nelle femmine. La coda misura 20,2-34,5 cm.
I quoll settentrionali si nutrono principalmente di invertebrati, ma consumano anche frutti carnosi e una vasta gamma di vertebrati, compresi piccoli mammiferi, uccelli, lucertole, serpenti e rane. Consumano anche i resti degli animali investiti dai veicoli lungo le strade e i rifiuti che trovano attorno ai campeggi e ai bidoni della spazzatura.
Un aspetto caratteristico di questa specie è che i maschi spariscono subito dopo essersi accoppiati, lasciando alle femmine l'intero compito dell'allevamento dei piccoli. Nel marsupio le femmine hanno otto mammelle, ma esse possono dare alla luce anche più di otto piccoli, che si fanno strada verso il marsupio e competono tra loro per assicurarsi un proprio capezzolo[4]. Nel corso di uno studio effettuato nel Kimberley, una regione dell'Australia Occidentale, è stato scoperto che i maschi hanno un picco di testosterone in luglio, e che le femmine partoriscono in luglio o agosto[5].
In natura, i maschi vivono per circa un anno, mentre le femmine possono vivere anche fino a tre anni[3]. Nelle regioni rocciose, dove i quoll hanno dimensioni maggiori di quelli che abitano nelle savane, sembra che la speranza di vita di maschi e femmine aumenti di due o tre anni, forse perché l'habitat è più ospitale e vi sono meno predatori[3].
Il quoll settentrionale è presente dalla regione del Pilbara, nell'Australia Occidentale, attraverso il Territorio del Nord, fino al Queensland sud-orientale. Il suo areale storico si estendeva, senza interruzione, dal Queensland sud-orientale alla regione del Kimberley, nell'Australia Occidentale[6]. Vi sono anche alcune popolazioni disgiunte. È presente soprattutto nelle regioni rocciose e nelle foreste aperte di eucalipti.
Il quoll settentrionale appartiene alla famiglia dei Dasiuridi, ed è stato spesso definito la più caratteristica delle specie australiane di Dasyurus. È stato descritto per la prima volta nel 1842 dal naturalista e scrittore John Gould, che battezzò la specie hallucatus, in riferimento alle dimensioni maggiori del primo dito. Talvolta la specie è stata classificata in un genere distinto, Satanellus.
Il quoll settentrionale è ora scomparso da molte parti del suo areale storico. È stato recentemente classificato tra le specie in pericolo dalla legislazione del Commonwealth Australiano (EPBC Act), e anche la IUCN lo inserisce tra le specie in pericolo (Endangered). Il maggior rischio per la sua sopravvivenza è costituito dalla diffusione del rospo delle canne, introdotto originariamente nel Queensland, ma che ha ormai raggiunto il Parco Nazionale di Kakadu nel Territorio del Nord, e si sta attualmente dirigendo a ovest, verso Darwin.
Altre minacce sono costituite dalla predazione da parte di gatti inselvatichiti e volpi, e dalla distruzione, degrado e frammentazione dell'habitat a causa del mutare del regime degli incendi, dell'estrazione mineraria, del dissodamento di terreni agricoli, dell'impoverimento dei pascoli e del sovrappascolo[3]. Molti quoll, inoltre, vengono ogni anno investiti dai veicoli[3].
In due siti di studio nel Kakadu, i quoll sono scomparsi da un'intera area e diminuiti da 45 a 5 individui nell'altra. La conclusione che si evince da questi dati, seppur non ancora confermata, è che il quoll settentrionale scomparirà da gran parte del Top End (Territorio del Nord) non appena l'areale dei rospi delle canne si sovrapporrà totalmente al suo. Nel Queensland sopravvivono tuttora popolazioni di quoll in aree dove i rospi delle canne sono ormai presenti da molti anni. Gli studiosi non sono ancora riusciti a capire come abbiano fatto a sopravvivere; è necessario che in queste zone vengano effettuate ulteriori ricerche.
Allo scopo di proteggere i quoll settentrionali dai rospi delle canne, alcuni ricercatori dell'Università di Sydney stanno portando avanti dal 2010 un progetto che tende a insegnare loro a evitare questi anfibi invasivi attraverso l'avversione del sapore[7].
Il quoll settentrionale (Dasyurus hallucatus Gould, 1842), noto anche come gatto marsupiale del nord, è un marsupiale carnivoro originario dell'Australia.
Dasyurus hallucatus, (Gould, 1842), (ex: Satanellus hallucatus ), (Anglice = Northern quoll ), est species animalium Marsupialium carnivorum Australiana borealis.
Vide "Dasyurus hallucatus" apud Vicispecies. Dasyurus hallucatus, (Gould, 1842), (ex: Satanellus hallucatus ), (Anglice = Northern quoll ), est species animalium Marsupialium carnivorum Australiana borealis.
De dwerg- of noordelijke buidelmarter (Dasyurus hallucatus) is een roofbuideldier uit het geslacht der buidelmarters (Dasyurus).
De dwergbuidelmarter is de kleinste Australische buidelmarter en dit dier heeft een lichaamslengte van 25 tot 37 cm en een staartlengte van 20 tot 34.5 cm. Het gewicht varieert van 350 gram tot 1.1 kg. Vrouwelijke dieren zijn kleiner en lichter dan de mannelijke dieren. Net als de overige buidelmarters heeft deze soort een bruine vacht met kleine of grotere witte vlekken. De buikzijde is lichter van kleur. Zijn staart is bruin en aan het einde wit.
De dwergbuidelmarter is een solitair levende bodembewoner, die overigens wel goed kan klimmen. Over het algemeen is dit buidelroofdier 's nachts actief en slaapt het overdag in een hol. De dwerbuidelmarter voedt zich voornamelijk met insecten, maar ook kleine gewervelde dieren als kikkers, hagedissen, kleine vogels en knaagdieren worden gegeten evenals aas, vruchten en (in door mensen bewoonde gebieden) afval. Een opmerkelijk fenomeen in de voortplanting van de dwergbuidelmarter is dat mannelijke dieren slechts eenmaal kunnen paren. Door ernstige hormonale verstoringen in het lichaam die met de paartijd gepaard gaan, sterven de mannelijke dieren kort na de paartijd. De dwergbuidelmarter deelt dit opmerkelijke fenomeen met enkele andere roofbuideldieren als de breedvoetbuidelmuizen, de penseelstaartbuidelmuizen en de gespikkelde buidelmuis.
De dwergbuidelmarter is de enige Australische buidelmarter die nog in een groot gedeelte van zijn oorspronkelijke verspreidingsgebied voorkomt. Eucalyptusbossen en rotsgebieden in noordelijk Australië vormen het leefgebied van deze soort. Er zijn verschillende subpopulaties, in onder meer de Pilbara in West-Australië, de Top End van Noordelijk Territorium, het Kaap York-schiereiland en Zuidoost-Queensland. Het aantal dwergbuidelmarters in delen van Queensland en Noordelijk Territorium is achteruitgegaan na de komst van de geïntroduceerde reuzenpad (Bufo marinus), een giftige paddensoort die oorspronkelijk uit Neotropisch Amerika afkomstig is.
In gevangenschap is de dwergbuidelmarter in Territory Wildlife Park (Noordelijk Territorium), Adelaide Zoo (Zuid-Australië), Perth Zoo (West-Australië) en Daintree Wild Zoo (Queensland) te zien.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe dwerg- of noordelijke buidelmarter (Dasyurus hallucatus) is een roofbuideldier uit het geslacht der buidelmarters (Dasyurus).
Dasyurus hallucatus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Dasyuridae. Endêmica da Austrália. Também é conhecido pelos nomes de quoll-setentrional, satanellus e njanmak.
O quoll-setentrional é a menor das quatro espécie de quoll australianas. As fêmeas são menores que os machos, com fêmeas adultas pesando entre 350-690g e machos adultos pesando 540-1120g. O comprimento do corpo varia entre 20,2 à 34,5 cm.
Foi descrito pela primeira vez em 1842 pelo famoso naturalista e autor John Gould, que deu o nome a espécie de hallucatus, o que indica que tem um notável primeiro digito. Esta espécie tem sido por vezes colocada em um gênero separado, o Satanellus;
Alimentam-se principalmente de invertebrados, mas tambem consomem frutos carnosos, e uma grande variedade de vertebrados, incluindo pequenos mamiferos, aves, lagartos, serpentes e sapos.
Nota: Existem três formas que não são válidas: exilis, nesaeus e predator (consideradas sinônimos de Dasyurus hallucatus).
Uma característica notável desta espécie é que os machos morrem depois do acasalamento;
O quol-setentrional ocorre desde a região de Pilbara na Austrália Ocidental em todo o Território do Norte e sudeste de Queensland. Sua histórica região estende initerrupitamente desde o sudeste de Queensland até Kimberly na Austrália Ocidental. Existem várias populações disjuntas. Esta espécie é mais abundante em várias regiões rochosas e florestas abertas de eucalipto.
Norte do Território Norte, Norte e Nordeste de Queensland; e Norte da Austrália Ocidental;
Sinônimo do nome científico da subespécie: Dasyurus exilis;
Nota: Forma de Dasyurus hallucatus;
Local: Parry Creek, Austrália Ocidental;
Sinônimo do nome científico da subespécie: Dasyurus nesaeus;
Nota: Forma de Dasyurus hallucatus;
Local: Gruta Eylandt, Golfo da Carpentaria;
Sinônimo do nome científico da subespécie: Dasyurus predator;
Nota: Forma de Dasyurus hallucatus;
Local: Utingu, Península do Cabo York;
Sinônimo do nome científico da subespécie: Mustela quoll;
Nota: Considerado sinônimo de Dasyurus hallucatus;
Local: Norte de Queensland;
Dasyurus hallucatus é uma espécie de marsupial da família Dasyuridae. Endêmica da Austrália. Também é conhecido pelos nomes de quoll-setentrional, satanellus e njanmak.
Sinônimo do nome científico da espécie: Satanellus hallucatus; Mustela quoll;Dasyurus hallucatus[2][3][4][5] är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av John Gould 1842. Dasyurus hallucatus ingår i släktet pungmårdar och familjen rovpungdjur.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som starkt hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[6]
Pungdjuret hade ursprungligen ett större utbredningsområde i norra Australien och förekommer idag i flera från varandra skilda områden i denna region. Arten finns även på några mindre öar utanför Australiens kust. Den vistas i låglandet och i upp till 1 300 meter höga bergstrakter. Habitatet utgörs främst av fuktiga skogar och savanner med några träd men arten iakttas även i mera torra områden. Födan utgörs av ryggradslösa djur och små ryggradsdjur. Dasyurus hallucatus vilar gömd i naturliga håligheter och vistas främst på marken.[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Dasyurus hallucatus.
Wikispecies har information om Dasyurus hallucatus.
Dasyurus hallucatus är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av John Gould 1842. Dasyurus hallucatus ingår i släktet pungmårdar och familjen rovpungdjur. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som starkt hotad. Inga underarter finns listade.
Pungdjuret hade ursprungligen ett större utbredningsområde i norra Australien och förekommer idag i flera från varandra skilda områden i denna region. Arten finns även på några mindre öar utanför Australiens kust. Den vistas i låglandet och i upp till 1 300 meter höga bergstrakter. Habitatet utgörs främst av fuktiga skogar och savanner med några träd men arten iakttas även i mera torra områden. Födan utgörs av ryggradslösa djur och små ryggradsdjur. Dasyurus hallucatus vilar gömd i naturliga håligheter och vistas främst på marken.
Карликовий квол - найменший представник кволових. Самці більші за самиць. Самиці мають довжину тулуба - 27-37 см, самки - 25-31 см. Вага у самців коливається від 0,6 до 1,12 кг, а у самок - від 0,35 до 0,7 кг. Довжина хвоста становить 20-34,5 см. Хутро сіре або сіро-буре, коротке з білими плямами з боків і на спині.
Активний уночі. Полюбляє скелясті місцини та евкаліптові ліси поблизу морського узбережжя. Гарно лазить по каменях, скелях та деревах. Харчується фруктами, сумчастими мишами, безхребетними, птахами, ящірками, зміями, жабами.
Статева зрілість настає в 10-11 місяців. Час парування починається в червні, у липні-серпні народжуються до 8 дитинчат. Після спарювання самці гинуть й молодих кволів виховує самиця. Тривалість життя - до 2 років.
Карликовий квол раніше мешкав на значній території, втім внаслідок діяльності людини його ареал існування значно скоротився. Сьогодні квол зустрічається у Квінсленді, Західній Австралії, в деяких північних районах материка.
Mèo túi phía bắc (Dasyurus hallucatus) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dasyuridae, bộ Dasyuromorphia. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1842.[2]
Mèo túi phía bắc là loài mèo túi nhỏ nhất của lục địa Úc. Con cái trưởng thành có trọng lượng từ 350-690 gram và con đực trưởng thành 540-1120g. Chiều dài cơ thể từ 270–370 mm với con đực trưởng thành và 249–310 mm với con cái trưởng thành. Chiều dài đuôi từ 202–345 mm.
Mèo túi phía bắc sống từ khu vực Pilbara của Tây Úc trên lãnh thổ phía Bắc đến phía đông bắc Queensland. Chúng sống tập trung trong các dãy núi đá và rừng bạch đàn.
Mèo túi phía bắc là động vật ăn thịt hung dữ. Chúng ăn chủ yếu động vật không xương sống, nhưng cũng tiêu thụ một loạt các vật có xương sống bao gồm cả động vật có vú nhỏ, chim, thằn lằn, rắn và ếch. Trong tự nhiên, con đực sống khoảng một năm, trong khi con cái có thể sống đến ba tuổi.
Một đặc điểm đáng chú ý của loài này là những con đực chết hàng loạt sau khi giao phối, để con cái nuôi con một mình. Con cái có thể sinh ra nhiều hơn tám con non, nhưng chỉ có 8 núm vú, vì vậy các con non phải cạnh tranh để tồn tại. Con cái sinh con trong tháng Bảy hoặc tháng Tám.
Phương tiện liên quan tới Dasyurus hallucatus tại Wikimedia Commons
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Mèo túi phía bắc (Dasyurus hallucatus) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dasyuridae, bộ Dasyuromorphia. Loài này được Gould mô tả năm 1842.
Dasyurus hallucatus (Gould, 1842)
Синонимы
Северная сумчатая куница[1], или карликовая сумчатая куница[2], или североавстралийская сумчатая куница[2], или малая северная кошка[2] (лат. Dasyurus hallucatus) — самый маленький вид в роду пятнистых сумчатых куниц, её самцы весят не больше 900 г, а длина их тела всего 25—35 см Мех короткий и грубый; окрас серо-бурый или серый, с белыми пятнами на боках и спине; кончик хвоста чёрный.
В прошлом они занимали довольно обширный ареал от Пилбары в Западной Австралии до юго-восточного Квинсленда; сейчас он сократился до нескольких изолированных участков на севере Австралии. Селится они предпочитают в скалистых местностях или в эвкалиптовых лесах неподалёку от побережья. Развитые пальцы и подошвенные подушки помогают им взбираться на отвесные камни и скалы. Невзирая на размеры, это агрессивные прожорливые хищники, питающиеся, в частности, сумчатыми мышами, а также различными мелкими позвоночными и беспозвоночными, мёдом и плодами. От них самих хищников отпугивает неприятный запах. Размножаются северные сумчатые куницы зимой, в конце июня; детёныши (до 8) рождаются в конце июля—сентябре. При рождении их длина всего 3 мм. Зрелость наступает на 10—11 месяце, продолжительность жизни невысока — до 2 лет.
Северная сумчатая куница внесена в Красную книгу МСОП со статусом «Находящиеся в опасном состоянии» (Endangered).
Северная сумчатая куница, или карликовая сумчатая куница, или североавстралийская сумчатая куница, или малая северная кошка (лат. Dasyurus hallucatus) — самый маленький вид в роду пятнистых сумчатых куниц, её самцы весят не больше 900 г, а длина их тела всего 25—35 см Мех короткий и грубый; окрас серо-бурый или серый, с белыми пятнами на боках и спине; кончик хвоста чёрный.
В прошлом они занимали довольно обширный ареал от Пилбары в Западной Австралии до юго-восточного Квинсленда; сейчас он сократился до нескольких изолированных участков на севере Австралии. Селится они предпочитают в скалистых местностях или в эвкалиптовых лесах неподалёку от побережья. Развитые пальцы и подошвенные подушки помогают им взбираться на отвесные камни и скалы. Невзирая на размеры, это агрессивные прожорливые хищники, питающиеся, в частности, сумчатыми мышами, а также различными мелкими позвоночными и беспозвоночными, мёдом и плодами. От них самих хищников отпугивает неприятный запах. Размножаются северные сумчатые куницы зимой, в конце июня; детёныши (до 8) рождаются в конце июля—сентябре. При рождении их длина всего 3 мм. Зрелость наступает на 10—11 месяце, продолжительность жизни невысока — до 2 лет.
Северная сумчатая куница внесена в Красную книгу МСОП со статусом «Находящиеся в опасном состоянии» (Endangered).
북부쿠올(Dasyurus hallucatus)는 주머니고양이과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 오스트레일리아 토착종으로 육식동물이다. 오스트레일리아 쿠올 중에서 가장 독특한 종으로 불리기도 한다. 1842년 표본을 처음 수집한 박물학자 겸 저자 존 굴드(John Gould)가 처음 기술했다.
