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Cunaxidae ( англиски )

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Cunaxidae is a family of predatory mites in the order Trombidiformes. There are at least 20 genera and 390 described species in Cunaxidae.[1][2][3][4]

Description

Cunaxidae have diamond-shaped bodies. Adults and nymphs have 4 pairs of 7-segmented legs, while larvae have 3 pairs of 6-segmented legs. Dorsally, they have 1 proterosomal shield (usually with 2 pairs of setae and 2 pairs of setose sensilla), 0-2 hysterosomal shields and 0-4 pairs of hysterosomal platelets. The body surface around these shields and platelets is striated. Ventrally, the leg coxae are fused to the body to form plates, and in adults the coxae of the first two leg pairs are often fused as are the coxae of the last two leg pairs. At the front of the body is the gnathosoma (mouthparts), which has a pair of pedipalps (usually ending in strong claws), a pair of chelicerae and a wedge-shaped subcapitulum.[5]

Distribution

The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, being found on all continents except Antarctica.[3]

Ecology

Cunaxidae can be found in most terrestrial habitats including on vegetation, in soil and leaf litter, vertebrate nests, animal debris, tree cavities, house dust and stored food products. Individual species are generally restricted to specific habitats.[5]

All cunaxids are thought to be opportunistic predators, attacking various prey including bark lice, springtails, thrips, scale insects, nematodes and other mites. They may act as ambush predators (e.g. Armascirus and Dactyloscirus) or actively search for their prey (e.g. Allocunaxa). They cannot survive when only given access to plant material.[5] An undescribed species of Rubroscirus was observed drinking honeydew in addition to eating live prey.[6]

Cunaxids spin silk for various purposes such as protecting their eggs, constructing moulting chambers and capturing prey.[5]

The family appears to be active year-round. For example, Neocunaxoides have been collected throughout the year in areas with hot humid summers and cold dry winters.[7]

Biological control potential

Cunaxidae are known to feed on pests of agricultural plants. However, the effects they have on prey populations have yet to be rigorously studied.[5]

Genera

References

  1. ^ "Cunaxidae Family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  2. ^ "Cunaxidae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  3. ^ a b "Cunaxidae Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  4. ^ "Browse Cunaxidae". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  5. ^ a b c d e Skvarla, Michael; Fisher, J.; Dowling, Ashley (2014-06-20). "A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records". ZooKeys. Pensoft Publishers. 418: 1–103. doi:10.3897/zookeys.418.7629. ISSN 1313-2970. S2CID 41587959. p. 2-4, Cunaxids occur in most terrestrial habitats, including...
  6. ^ Walter, David Evans; Proctor, Heather Coreen (1999). Mites: ecology, evolution, and behaviour. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. ISBN 978-0-86840-529-2.
  7. ^ Den, Heyer J. (1980-09-01). "Three new Afrotropical species of Neocunaxoides Smiley (Actinedida: Acarida)". Phytophylactica. 12 (3): 129–146. doi:10.10520/AJA03701263_539.
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Cunaxidae: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Cunaxidae is a family of predatory mites in the order Trombidiformes. There are at least 20 genera and 390 described species in Cunaxidae.

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Cunaxidae ( француски )

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Les Cunaxidae sont une famille d'acariens. La plupart des espèces sont chasseuses de petits arthropodes.

Liste des genres

Selon E. A. Ueckermann[1] modifié[2]

  • Bonziinae den Heyer, 1978
    • Bonzia Oudemans, 1927
    • Parabonzia Smiley, 1975 synonyme Cunabdella den Heyer, 1975
  • Coleoscirinae den Heyer , 1979
  • Cunaxinae Thor, 1902
    • Allocunaxa den Heyer & de Castro, 2008
    • Armascirus den Heyer, 1978 synonyme Indocunaxa Gupta & Ghosh, 1980
    • Cunaxa von Heyden, 1826 synonymes Scirus Hermann, 1804 & Rubroscirus den Heyer, 1979
    • Cunaxatricha de Castro & den Heyer, 2008
    • Dactyloscirus Berlese, 1916 synonyme Rosenhofia Oudemans, 1922
    • Riscus den Heyer, 2006
  • Cunaxoidinae den Heyer, 1979
    • Cunaxoidini den Heyer, 1979
      • Bunaxella den Heyer & de Castro, 2009
      • Cunaxoides Baker & Hoffmann, 1948 nouveau nom de Eupalus Koch, 1838 préoccupé par Gistl 1834 (Coleoptera) synonyme Haleupalus Radford, 1950
      • Dunaxeus den Heyer & de Castro, 2009
      • Funaxopsis den Heyer & de Castro, 2009
      • Qunaxella den Heyer & de Castro, 2009
      • Scutopalus den Heyer, 1980
    • Pulaeini den Heyer, 1980
  • Denheyernaxoidinae Smiley, 1992
  • Neobonzinae Smiley, 1992
  • Orangescirulinae Bü & Li, 1987
  • Paracunaxoidinae Smiley, 1992
  • Scirulinae den Heyer

Référence

  • Thor, 1902 : Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube, 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 52, p. 159–165 (texte original).

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Cunaxidae: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Les Cunaxidae sont une famille d'acariens. La plupart des espèces sont chasseuses de petits arthropodes.

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Cunaxidae ( холандски; фламански )

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Cunaxidae zijn een familie van mijten. Bij de familie zijn 27 geslachten met circa 330 soorten ingedeeld.

Geplaatst op:
22-11-2018
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Cunaxidae ( руски )

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Латинское название Cunaxidae Thor, 1902[1] Подсемейства
  • Bonziinae
  • Coleoscirinae
  • Cunaxinae
  • Cunaxoidinae
  • Scirulinae

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ITIS 895665 NCBI 386840

Cunaxidae (лат.) — семейство хищных клещей из надотряда Acariformes. Более 300 видов. Встречаются всесветно[2][3]. Длина тела 0,35—0,5 мм. Свободноживущие клещи с мягкими покровами. Гипостомом сильно удлинённый, гнатосома коническая. Ноги бегательные, стройные. Педипальпы изогнутые, крупные, состоят из 3—5 члеников. На проподосоме развиты 2 пары тактильных щетинок (медиальные и латеральные) и 2 пары трихоботриальных сенсилл. Цикл развития включает яйцо, личиночную, 3 нимфальные стадии и взрослую. Хищники, питаются другими клещами и мелкими насекомыми[4].

Систематика

27 родов, более 300 видов. Крупнейший род Cunaxa включает около 50 видов[2][3]. Для бывшего СССР указывалось 15 видов семейства[4].

  • Bonziinae den Heyer, 1978
  • Coleoscirinae den Heyer , 1979
  • Cunaxinae Thor, 1902
    • Allocunaxa den Heyer & de Castro, 2008
    • Armascirus den Heyer, 1978 s(=Indocunaxa Gupta & Ghosh, 1980)
    • Cunaxa von Heyden, 1826 (= Scirus Hermann, 1804 & Rubroscirus den Heyer, 1979)
    • Cunaxatricha de Castro & den Heyer, 2008
    • Dactyloscirus Berlese, 1916 (=Rosenhofia Oudemans, 1922)
    • Riscus den Heyer, 2006
  • Cunaxoidinae den Heyer, 1979
    • Cunaxoidini den Heyer, 1979
    • Pulaeini den Heyer, 1980
  • ?Denheyernaxoidinae Smiley, 1992
  • ?Neobonzinae Smiley, 1992
  • ?Orangescirulinae Bü & Li, 1987
  • ?Paracunaxoidinae Smiley, 1992
  • Scirulinae den Heyer

Примечания

  1. Thor, 1902 : Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube, 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, vol. 52, p. 159–165. Текст
  2. 1 2 Den Heyer, J. (2011) Some statistics on the taxonomy of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata). In: Moraes, G.J. de & Proctor, H. (Eds), Acarology XIII: Proceedings of the International Congress. Zoosymposia, 6, 34–38.
  3. 1 2 Zhang, Z.-Q. et al. 2011: Order Trombidiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011: Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. — Zootaxa, 3148: 129–138. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-850-7 (online edition).
  4. 1 2 Вайнштейн Б. А., Кузнецов Н. Н., Лившиц И. З., Соснина Е. Ф. (1978). Надсемейство Bdelloidea. — В кн.:Определитель обитающих в почве клещей Trombidiformes / Отв. ред. акад. Гиляров М. С.. — Л.: Наука, 1978. — С. 133-147. — 271 с. — 1300 экз.
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Cunaxidae: Brief Summary ( руски )

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Cunaxidae (лат.) — семейство хищных клещей из надотряда Acariformes. Более 300 видов. Встречаются всесветно. Длина тела 0,35—0,5 мм. Свободноживущие клещи с мягкими покровами. Гипостомом сильно удлинённый, гнатосома коническая. Ноги бегательные, стройные. Педипальпы изогнутые, крупные, состоят из 3—5 члеников. На проподосоме развиты 2 пары тактильных щетинок (медиальные и латеральные) и 2 пары трихоботриальных сенсилл. Цикл развития включает яйцо, личиночную, 3 нимфальные стадии и взрослую. Хищники, питаются другими клещами и мелкими насекомыми.

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Description ( англиски )

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Gnathosoma (Figs 3–6). Pedipalps 3-, 4-, or 5-segmented and end in a strong claw (except in Pseudobonzia). They may be shorter than, equal to, or extend beyond the distal end of the subcapitulum. Femora of 5-segmented pedipalps divided into basi- and telofemora, though may be secondarily fused; a dark line often indicates the previous articulation (Fig. 5a, b illustrate a fully divided femur and Fig. 6a, b illustrate a secondarily fused femur. This is for illustration purposes only, i.e., cunaxids with long and short 5-segmented pedipalps may have either fully divided or secondarily fused femora). Telofemora and genua are uniquely fused in Allocunaxa, though the basifemoral/telofemoral articulation is present. Apophyses present or not on the telofemora, adjoining the genua and tibiotarsi, or on the tibiotarsi. Subcapitulum wedge-shaped and may be patterned with random dots or papillae, dots or papillae forming lines, a single row of cells on the posterior edge, or reticulations forming polygonal cells. Subcapitulum with up to 6 pairs of setae are present: hg1–4 and 2 pairs of adoral setae. Seta hg1 usually straight, but geniculate in Bonziinae and may be curved in Neoscirula; hg4 often longest pair of subcapitular setae. Chelicerae with or without seta near the cheliceral digit. Idiosoma, dorsal (Fig. 7a). Idiosoma diamond-shaped. Dorsal proterosoma covered with a sclerotized shield that bears 2 pairs of setae (lps and mps) and 2 pairs of setose sensilla (at and pt); rarely one pair of setae or sensillae absent. Dorsal hysterosoma complemented with 0–2 large shields or plates and 0–4 pairs of platelets. These plates and platelets may capture one or more pairs of setae. Up to 8 pairs of dorsal hysterosomal setae present (c1–h1, c2, f2, and h2); h2 may occur ventrally. Setae may occur on small platelets that are barely larger than the setal socket. Integument not covered in shields, plates, or platelets is striated. Cupule im present, usually laterad and slightly posterior to e1. Dorsal idiosomal shields and plates smooth or patterned with random dots or papillae, dots or papillae forming lines, reticulations forming polygonal cells, or cells which form rows. Idiosoma, ventral (Fig. 7b) Ventral idiosoma may be complemented with 1 or a few small platelets in addition to the coxae. Coxae fused to body and form plates. Coxae I–II are often fused in adults and may coalesce medially to form a sternal shield. Coxae III–IV are often fused in adults and may extend caudally beyond the genital plates. Each coxa complemented with 0–4 setae; in addition, extensive coxae or sternal shields may capture setae normally on the integument and therefore have more. Coxae may be plain or patterned with random dots or papillae, dots or papillae forming lines, or reticulations forming polygonal cells. Genital plates (sometimes called anal valves) present in adults and bear 3 (rarely) or 4 (usually) setae, except in Parabonzia which have up to 9 pairs of setae. 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. Anal plates (sometimes called anal valves) bear 1–2 setae (ps1-2). Setae ps2 may occur off the anal plates. Legs 6-segmented in larvae, 7-segmented in nymphs and adults. In adults these segments are coxa, trochanter, baifemur, telofemur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, however, the coxae are often treated separately from the other leg articles. Femora undivided in larvae. Trichobothrium present on leg tibia IV. Ambulacral claws present on either side of a 4-rayed empodium.
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Skvarla M, Fisher J, Dowling A (2014) A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records ZooKeys 418: 1–103
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Michael J. Skvarla
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