Members of the mygalomorph trapdoor spider family Euctenizidae capture prey at the entrance of a burrow they dig and cover with a silk-and-soil trapdoor. This group of spiders was previously treated as a subfamily within the family Cyrtaucheniidae, which is now widely recognized as polyphyletic. Removing the former euctenizines and treating them as a distinct family is one of several changes that have been made (or are likely to be made) to develop a taxonomic treatment of mygalomorph spiders (trapdoor spiders, tarantulas, and their relatives) that better reflects their evolutionary relationships.
The euctenizines were included in the family Ctenizidae until Raven (1985) named the group as a subfamily within the Cyrtaucheniidae. Bond and Opell (2002) published a systematic revision of the Euctenizidae (then still the subfamily Euctenizinae). More recently, the status of this group as a distinct family, Euctenizidae, has been supported by multiple studies (Goloboff 1993; Bond and Opell 2002; Bond and Hedin 2006; Hedin and Bond 2006; Bond et al. 2012b). Platnick (2013) lists 66 species in the Family Euctenizidae, 60 of which can be found in the United States (an additional five species are known from Mexico and one species from Guadeloupe). The Euctenizidae is one of the most diverse mygalomorph families in North America, in both number of species and diversity of ecological habits (Bond and Hedin 2006).
The Euctenizidae is composed of the eastern North American genus Myrmekiaphila and the southwestern United States genera Neoapachella, Eucteniza, Promyrmekiaphila, Entychides, Apomastus, and Aptostichus (Bond 2012). These genera, with the exception of Aptostichus (with 40 described species, 33 of which were described by Bond [2012]) and Myrmekiaphila (with a dozen described species), each contain just one or a handul of known species (Platnick 2013), although morphological assessments of species boundaries likely underestimate the evolutionary diversity contained within these groups (Bond 2012 and references therein). Aptostichus is largely restricted to the state of California (U.S.A.), with one additional species known from Nevada and two from Arizona. Although relatively restricted geographically, Aptostichus species are found in diverse habitats, ranging from Mediterranean climates to the arid Mojave and Colorado deserts and from alpine habitats to coastal dunes (Bond 2012). Of the 40 recognized Aptostichus species, over half are considered to be imperiled or vulnerable and two have likely gone extinct over the past half-century; the conservation status of only 11 species is considered to be secure (Bond 2012).
Bond and Platnick (2007) revised the genus Myrmekiaphila (also see Bailey et al. 2010 and Bond et al. 2012a), Stockman and Bond (2008) revised the genus Promyrmekiaphila, (also see Sockman and Bond 2007), and Bond (2012) revised the genus Aptostichus.
Several euctenizids described in recent years have been given names honoring individuals whose accomplishments fall well outside the field of arachnology, including Myrmekiaphila neilyoungi (Bond and Platnick 2007), Aptostichus stephencolberti and Aptostichus angelinajolieae (Bond and Stockman 2008), and Aptostichus barackobamai (Bond 2012).
Els euctenízids (Euctenizidae) són una família d'aranyes migalomorfes.[2] Fou descrita per primera vegada per R.J. Raven el 1985.[1]
Es troben a Amèrica del Nord i a les Antilles. No es coneixen fòssils d'aquesta família.[3]
Existia una subfamília, Euctenizinae, un tipus d'aranyes dels Estats Units i Mèxic, que el 2012 va ser ascendida al rang de família com a Euctenizidae per Bond i Hedin.[4] Actualment, es considera que són més properes als idiòpids (Idiopidae) que als cirtauquènids.[5]
Segons el World Spider Catalog, aquesta família conté 7 gèneres i 76 espècies.[6]
Llista d'espècies d'euctenízids
Els euctenízids (Euctenizidae) són una família d'aranyes migalomorfes. Fou descrita per primera vegada per R.J. Raven el 1985.
Es troben a Amèrica del Nord i a les Antilles. No es coneixen fòssils d'aquesta família.
The Euctenizidae (formerly Cyrtaucheniidae subfamily Euctenizinae) are a family of mygalomorph spiders. They are now considered to be more closely related to Idiopidae.
The name comes from the Greek prefix εὖ- (eu-), meaning "valuable" or "good", which had been thought that the family Ctenizidae possess these traits.[1]
Many, but not all, make wafer-like doors to their burrows, while others build the cork-like doors found commonly in the true trapdoor spiders. The biology of nearly all of the species is poorly known.
The family occurs almost exclusively in the United States and Mexico. Common U.S. genera include Myrmekiaphila, Aptostichus and Promyrmekiaphila.
As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[2]
The Euctenizidae (formerly Cyrtaucheniidae subfamily Euctenizinae) are a family of mygalomorph spiders. They are now considered to be more closely related to Idiopidae.
Euctenizidae (anteriormente Cyrtaucheniidae subfamilia Euctenizinae) son una familia de arañas migalomorfas. Ahora se considera que están más estrechamente relacionados con Idiopidae.
La familia se encuentra casi exclusivamente en los Estados Unidos y México. Los géneros estadounidenses comunes incluyen Myrmekiaphila, Aptostichus y Promyrmekiaphila.
A partir de abril de 2019, el Catálogo mundial de arañas acepta los siguientes géneros:[1]
Euctenizidae (anteriormente Cyrtaucheniidae subfamilia Euctenizinae) son una familia de arañas migalomorfas. Ahora se considera que están más estrechamente relacionados con Idiopidae.
Les euctenizidae sont une famille d'araignées mygalomorphes[1].
Les espèces de cette famille se rencontrent en Amérique du Nord et aux Antilles[1].
Cette famille n'est pas connue à l'état fossile[2].
Cette famille rassemble 77 espèces dans huit genres[1].
Selon World Spider Catalog (version 21.5, 19/10/2020)[3] :
Les Euctenizinae ont été élevés au rang de famille par Bond et Hedin en 2012[4].
Les euctenizidae sont une famille d'araignées mygalomorphes.
Euctenizidae Raven, 1985 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Mygalomorphae.
Il nome deriva dal prefisso greco εὖ-, cioè èu-, che significa buono, di pregio, e dalla famiglia Ctenizidae con cui condivide numerose caratteristiche[1].
L'elevazione al rango di famiglia di questi 7 generi è dovuta a considerazioni e studi filogenetici e morfologici. Le analisi filogenetiche si sono sviluppate sui geni 18S e 28S dell'RNA messaggero e sulla proteina che codifica per il gene EF-1gamma, basilari per lo sviluppo delle caratteristiche morfologiche possedute[1].
Dei sette generi attualmente noti, ben 6 sono stati reperiti nell'America settentrionale (Stati Uniti) e nel Messico settentrionale. Il genere Homostola è diffuso in varie località della Repubblica Sudafricana[1].
A seguito di recenti lavori (Bond et al., 2012a e 2012b) i 7 generi che prima costituivano la sottofamiglia Euctenizinae Raven, 1985, della famiglia Cyrtaucheniidae Simon, 1892, sono stati assurti al rango di famiglia a sé[1].
Attualmente, a novembre 2020, si compone di 8 generi e 77 specie[2]:
Euctenizidae Raven, 1985 è una famiglia di ragni appartenente all'infraordine Mygalomorphae.
Euctenizidae (olim subfamilia Euctenizinae Cyrtaucheniidarum) sunt familia aranearum subordinis Mygalomorpharum, nunc familiae Idiopidarum arte conexa late habita.
Multae, sed non omnes, in eorum cuniculis ostia sicut vafla faciunt, cum alii ostia sicut emboli construunt, per rationem usitate in Ctenizidis aliisque araneis quae laqueos faciunt visam. Biologia paene omnium specierum ignota manet.
Familia paene omnino in Civitatibus Foedetatis et Mexico reperitur. Inter communia genera Americana sunt Myrmekiaphila, Aptostichus, et Promyrmekiaphila.
Situs scientifici: • NCBI • Encyclopedia of Life 
Vide "Euctenizidas" apud Vicispecies. Euctenizidae (olim subfamilia Euctenizinae Cyrtaucheniidarum) sunt familia aranearum subordinis Mygalomorpharum, nunc familiae Idiopidarum arte conexa late habita.
Euctenizidae – rodzina pająków z grupy ptaszników. Została nazwana w 1985 roku przez Roberta Ravena jako podrodzina wewnątrz rodziny Cyrtaucheniidae. Raven zaliczył wówczas do niej rodzaje Eucteniza, Aptostichus, Myrmekiaphila i Promyrmekiaphila. Z przeprowadzonej przez niego analizy kladystycznej wynikało, że Euctenizinae są grupą siostrzaną dla pozostałych przedstawicieli Cyrtaucheniidae[1]. Późniejsze analizy potwierdzały monofiletyzm Euctenizinae, wykazały jednak, że Cyrtaucheniidae są taksonem polifiletycznym, co wiązało się z koniecznością rewizji ich systematyki[2][3]. W 2012 roku Jason Bond i Marshal Hedin podnieśli Euctenizinae do rangi osobnej rodziny. Przeprowadzona przez nich analiza wskazywała, że najbliższymi krewnymi nie są żadne z taksonów włączanych dawniej do Cyrtaucheniidae, lecz Idiopidae, a te dwie rodziny tworzą klad Euctenizoidina. Bond i Hedin podzielili Euctenizidae na dwie monofiletyczne podrodziny: Apomastinae, obejmującą rodzaje Myrmekiaphila, Apomastus i Aptostichus, oraz Euctenizinae, obejmującą pozostałe rodzaje[3]. Norman I. Platnick zwrócił jednak uwagę, iż nie podali oni diagnozy Apomastinae, w związku z czym takson ten pozostaje nomen nudum[4].
Obecnie do Euctenizidae zaliczanych jest siedem rodzajów obejmujących 33 gatunki[4], jednak znanych jest również wiele nieopisanych jeszcze gatunków[2][3]. Podobnie jak większość innych Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae osiągają względnie duże rozmiary, są długowieczne i prowadzą osiadły tryb życia[2]. Przedstawiciele tej grupy występują jedynie na terenie Ameryki Północnej[3].
Nienazwany rodzaj („MossLanding”)
Entychides II
Euctenizidae, ABD ve Meksika'da yaşayan 7 cins ve 34 türle[1] temsil edilen örümcek familyası. Önceden Cyrtaucheniidae familyası içinde alt familya (Euctenizinae) olarak sınıflandırılıyordu.
Euctenizidae, ABD ve Meksika'da yaşayan 7 cins ve 34 türle temsil edilen örümcek familyası. Önceden Cyrtaucheniidae familyası içinde alt familya (Euctenizinae) olarak sınıflandırılıyordu.
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