Hypolycaena erylus (Godart 1823)

Hypolycaena erylus, the common tit,^[1][2] is a small but striking butterfly found in India and South-East Asia^[3][4] that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Jean-Baptiste Godart in 1823.

Range

Bangladesh, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern Yunnan, Java, Lombok, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Andamans, Nias, Sulawesi, Philippines, Sula, Bachan, Halmahera, Obi, Bismarck Archipelago and Waigeu.^[1]

Status

Common.^[3][4] Not rare as per Haribal.^[5]

Description

The underside of both sexes is pale greyish brown. The underside hindwing does not have a spot in the basal area of 7. The butterfly has two tails – a 6 mm long one at V1 and a 5 mm long tail at V2. The markings include:^[5]

• a double bar at end-cell
• a regular discal line on the forewing
• a broken, less regular line on the hindwing

The male butterfly is pale blue to dark brown above, dark shining purple depending on the light. It has a black border with the upper forewing having a large black discal area of modified scales.^[5]

The female butterfly is dark brown and its hindwing has a white disconnected discal band above the tornus. The butterfly also has a white-edged tornal black spot in 2.^[5]

• 

  Underside

• 

  Upperside

• 

  Upperside left, underside right

Subspecies

The butterfly has a number of subspecies of which one, H. e. himavantus (Fruhstorfer), is found in mainland India while another H. e. andamana Moore is found in the Andamans.^[5] All subspecies are:

• H. e. erylus (Java)
• H. e. pupienus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Lombok)
• H. e. teatus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo)
• H. e. himavantus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nepal, Sikkim to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, southern Yunnan)
• H. e. andamana Moore, 1877 (Andamans)
• H. e. syphax Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nias)
• H. e. gamatius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Sulawesi) (= H. e. pigres Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Obi))
• H. e. tmolus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862 (Philippines)
• H. e. orsiphantus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Philippines: Basilan)
• H. e. aimnestus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Palawan)
• H. e. georgius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Sula)
• H. e. thyrius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Bachan, Halmahera)
• H. e. moutoni Ribbe
• H. e. figulus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Waigeu)
• H. e. erna Kalis, 1933 (Bismarck Archipelago)

Habits

The butterfly is abundant at low elevations. Males are known to cluster at damp patches while the females are rarely seen.^[5]

Food plants

Recorded on Meyna pubescens in India.^[5]

Gallery

• 

  H. e. gamatius male

• 

  H. e. gamatius female

• 

  H. e. thyrius male

• 

  H. e. thyrius female

• 

  Unknown male subspecies

• 

  Unknown female subspecies

• 

  Unknown female subspecies

See also

• List of butterflies of India
• List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)

Cited references

References

• Bingham, C. T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Butterflies Volume II. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
• Evans, W. H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
• Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
• Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.

Hypolycaena erylus, atau Common Tit, adalah kupu-kupu yang termasuk dalam kelompok keluarga Lycaenidae dan sub-keluarga Lycaeninae. Ia mempunyai lebar sayap sekitar 28–32 mm.^[1]

Gambaran

Habitat

Tumbuhan hos

Subspesies

Kupu-kupu ini memiliki beberapa subspesies, satunya Hypolycaena erylus himavantus (Fruhstorfer), terdapat di tanah besar India sementara yang lain H. erylus andamana Moore terdapat di Andamans.^[2] Semua subspesies adalah:

• Hypolycaena erylus erylus (Jawa)
• Hypolycaena erylus pupienus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Lombok)
• Hypolycaena erylus teatus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (selatan Thailand, Semenanjung Malaysia, Sumatera, Borneo)
• Hypolycaena erylus himavantus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nepal, Sikkim hingga Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, selatan Yunan)
• Hypolycaena erylus andamana Moore, 1877 (Andamans)
• Hypolycaena erylus syphax Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Nias)
• Hypolycaena erylus gamatius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Sulawesi) (= Hypolycaena erylus pigres Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Obi))
• Hypolycaena erylus tmolus C. & R. Felder, 1862 (Filipina)
• Hypolycaena erylus orsiphantus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Filipina: Basilan)
• Hypolycaena erylus aimnestus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Palawan)
• Hypolycaena erylus georgius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Sula)
• Hypolycaena erylus thyrius Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Bachan, Halmahera)
• Hypolycaena erylus moutoni Ribbe
• Hypolycaena erylus figulus Fruhstorfer, 1912 (Waigeu)
• Hypolycaena erylus erna Kalis, 1933 (Bismarck Archipelago)

Gambar

• Bahagian atas kiri, bawah kanan. Dari Seitz

• ssp. gamatius jantan

• ssp. gamatius betina

• ssp. thyrius jantan

• ssp. thyrius betina

• unknown ssp. jantan

• unknown ssp. betina

• other unknown ssp. betina

Rujukan

Pautan luar

• Beccaloni, G. W., Scoble, M. J., Robinson, G. S. & Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/lepindex [accessed 4 December 2006].
• Bingham, C. T. 1907. Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Volume 2.
• Evans, W.H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
• Haribal, Meena (1994) Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.
• Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [1].
• Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
• Asahinet Gambar Hypolycaena erylus dari Filipina.

Hypolycaena erylus is een vlinder uit de familie van de Lycaenidae.^[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1823 door Godart.