Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogen with a very wide host range. It causes rotting and dieback in most species it infects. It is a common post harvest fungus disease of citrus known as stem-end rot. It is a cause of bot canker of grapevine.[2] It also infects Biancaea sappan, a species of flowering tree also known as Sappanwood.
On rare occasions it has been found to cause fungal keratitis,[3] lesions on nail and subcutaneous tissue.[4][5]
It has been implicated in the widespread mortality of baobab (Adansonia digitata) trees in Southern Africa. A preliminary study found the deaths to have a complex set of causes requiring detailed research.[6]
L. theobromae causes diseases such as dieback, blights, and root rot in a variety of different hosts in tropical and subtropical regions.[7][8] These include guava, coconut, papaya, and grapevine.[8] Botryosphaeria dieback, which is formerly known as bot canker, is characterised by a range of symptoms that affect grapevine in particular. These symptoms affect different areas on the plant and can be used to diagnose this disease along with other factors. In the trunk and cordon of the plant symptoms include cankers coming out of the wounds, wedge shaped lesions when cut in cross sections and dieback. Dieback is characterized as a ‘dead arm’ and a loss of spur positions. More symptoms include stunted shoots in the spring, delay or lack of growth in the spur positions of the bud burst, bleached canes and necrotic buds. Bud necrosis, bud failure, and the dieback of arms are all a result of the necrosis of the hosts vascular system.[9]
It can also affect the fruit of durians such as Durio graveolens.[10]
The fungus over-winters as pycnidia on the outside of diseased wood. The pycnidia produces and releases two-celled, dark brown, striated conidia.[11] The conidia are then dispersed by wind and rain splash, spreading the fungi to other vines, and from one part of the vine to another. Disease develops when conidia land on freshly cut or damaged wood. The conidia germinate the tissue of the wood and start causing damage to the vascular system. Cankers begin to form around the initial infection point and eventually complete damage of the vascular system causes necrosis and dieback of the wood. In some instances, pseudothecia form on the outside of cankers and produce ascospores which are then dispersed like conidia and infect surrounding wounds.[12]
There are many different procedures that can be implemented to manage dieback in a vineyard. These can either be done to prevent further infection by breaking the disease cycle or to recover plants after initial infection. Good hygiene must be practiced when removing infection sources in order to prevent further infection to the rest of the vineyard as well as to avoid cross contamination.[13] Strategies that can be used for prevention and recovery are listed in the table below:
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogen with a very wide host range. It causes rotting and dieback in most species it infects. It is a common post harvest fungus disease of citrus known as stem-end rot. It is a cause of bot canker of grapevine. It also infects Biancaea sappan, a species of flowering tree also known as Sappanwood.
On rare occasions it has been found to cause fungal keratitis, lesions on nail and subcutaneous tissue.
It has been implicated in the widespread mortality of baobab (Adansonia digitata) trees in Southern Africa. A preliminary study found the deaths to have a complex set of causes requiring detailed research.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae est une espèce de champignons ascomycètes de la famille des Botryosphaeriaceae, à répartition cosmopolite. Ce champignon phytopathogène attaque une vaste gamme d'hôtes végétaux chez lesquels il provoque des symptômes de pourriture et de dépérissement. C'est, entre autres, un des agents causaux de la maladie de la pourriture noire de Java chez la patate douce.
En de rares occasions, on a signalé que cette espèce pouvait provoquer chez l'homme des kératites fongiques[2] et des lésions sur les ongles et le tissu sous-cutané [3]
Selon BioLib (11 novembre 2019)[4] :
Lasiodiplodia theobromae est une espèce de champignons ascomycètes de la famille des Botryosphaeriaceae, à répartition cosmopolite. Ce champignon phytopathogène attaque une vaste gamme d'hôtes végétaux chez lesquels il provoque des symptômes de pourriture et de dépérissement. C'est, entre autres, un des agents causaux de la maladie de la pourriture noire de Java chez la patate douce.
En de rares occasions, on a signalé que cette espèce pouvait provoquer chez l'homme des kératites fongiques et des lésions sur les ongles et le tissu sous-cutané
Lasiodiplodia theobromae je grzib[13], co go nojprzōd ôpisoł Narcisse Theophile Patouillard, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu Griffon & Maubl. 1909. Lasiodiplodia theobromae nŏleży do zorty Lasiodiplodia i familije Botryosphaeriaceae.[24][25] Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.[24]
Wikispecies mo informacyje ô Lasiodiplodia theobromae.Lasiodiplodia theobromae je grzib, co go nojprzōd ôpisoł Narcisse Theophile Patouillard, a terŏźnõ nazwã doł mu Griffon & Maubl. 1909. Lasiodiplodia theobromae nŏleży do zorty Lasiodiplodia i familije Botryosphaeriaceae. Żŏdne podgatōnki niy sōm wymianowane we Catalogue of Life.
可可球二孢菌（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）是一種植物病原，宿主範圍非常廣泛。它會導致感染的大多數物種腐爛和枯萎。這是柑橘常見的採收後真菌病害，稱為莖端腐病。它是引起葡萄潰瘍病的病原[2]。它也感染蘇木（Biancaea sappan（英语：Biancaea sappan）），一種開花樹種。
在極少數情況下，它被發現會引起真菌性角膜炎[3]、指甲和皮下組織上的病變[4]。
它與南部非洲猴麵包樹的廣泛死亡率有關。一項初步研究發現其死亡原因複雜，需要進行詳細研究[5]。
L. theobromae 在熱帶和亞熱帶地區的各種不同寄主中引起諸如頂芽枯死、枯萎病和莖枯、根腐、蒂腐、果腐等疾病[6][7]。寄主植物如番石榴、椰子、木瓜和葡萄等[7]。葡萄座腔菌屬（Botryosphaeria（英语：Botryosphaeria））造成之頂芽枝枯，以前稱為葡萄潰瘍病，其症狀特色在造成葡萄系統性病害。這些症狀會影響植物的不同部位，透過觀察這些病徵可以用來診斷其感染病源。其病徵包含自傷口侵入的潰瘍，當以橫斷面切除頂芽枯死時引起楔形損害。 頂芽枝枯的特點是"dead arm"，與缺少刺激位置。其他症狀包括春季枝條發育不良、延遲芽點生長或使芽壞死、枝條白化等。芽壞死、芽衰竭、以及頂芽枯死皆為寄主植物維管束系統壞死的結果[8]。
它也會影響榴槤屬的果實如Durio graveolens（英语：Durio graveolens）[9]。
此真菌在患病的木材外以柄子器過冬。柄子器產生並釋放出暗褐色雙細胞形式有條紋的分生孢子，分生孢子透過風與雨水將真菌從病株向外傳播，再繼續傳播給其他健康的植株。當分生孢子落在新的傷口或損壞的木材上時，就會開始發展病害。分生孢子造成木材組織增生並開始損害維管束系統。 一開始在最初的感染點周圍形成潰瘍，最後在完全地損害維管束系統下導致木材壞死和枯死。在某些情況下，假囊殼在潰瘍外形成，並產生子囊孢子，其像分生孢子一樣散播並感染周圍的傷口[10]。
有許多不同的方法可以用來管理葡萄園中的枝枯病。可通過打破疾病週期來防止進一步感染，或者在初次感染後修復植物。在除去感染源時，須採取良好的衛生措施，以防止園中其他部分進一步感染，並避免交叉污染[11]。下表為可用於預防和康復的策略：
目的 策略 方法 預防 栽培途徑化學途徑
修剪傷口的保護是預防藤本植物軀幹疾病最有效和最經濟的方式。
可可球二孢菌（Lasiodiplodia theobromae）是一種植物病原，宿主範圍非常廣泛。它會導致感染的大多數物種腐爛和枯萎。這是柑橘常見的採收後真菌病害，稱為莖端腐病。它是引起葡萄潰瘍病的病原。它也感染蘇木（Biancaea sappan（英语：Biancaea sappan）），一種開花樹種。
在極少數情況下，它被發現會引起真菌性角膜炎、指甲和皮下組織上的病變。
